1、Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land Learning About LanguageDiscover useful structures过去分词和动词-ing的功能动词动词-ing和过去分词作表语和过去分词作表语动词动词-ing和过去分词作状语和过去分词作状语动词动词-ing和过去分词和过去分词作作定定语语练习练习01020403过去分词和动词过去分词和动词-ing形式的用法区别形式的用法区别动词-ing动词-ing形式的用法 1作表语注意：这里动词-ing形式是动名词和现在分词的统称，现代英语语法中一般不再过分强调二者区分。1.动名词在系动词之后作表语时，用来泛
2、指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份，相当于名词。2.动名词作表语时，指主语的内容，表示与主语一样的事情或情况。3.现在分词在系动词之后作表语时，用来说明事物（主语）的特征。相当于形容词。修饰物时用-ing结尾的形容词。过去分词过去分词的用法 1作表语过去分词（短语）作表语表示主语所处的状态或主观心理感受，相当于形容词的作用。与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系The ground is covered with snow.地上覆盖着雪。Mr.Brown and Mary are married.布朗先生和玛丽结婚了。过去分词（短语）作表语与被动语态的区别被动语态强调动作，主语是
3、动作承受者；过去分词（短语）作表语说明主语的状态或特征。被动语态后常接by短语，表示动作的执行者；而过去分词作表语后不接by短语，但可以接其他的介词，表示特征。Fill in each blank with the correct form of a verb from the box.Find the difference between each pair of sentences,paying attention to the-ed and-ing forms.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.see frighten head amaz
4、eamazedfrighteningSeenHeading1.The girls were _ to see such an open country.The farms covered a very large area,which was _.2.Going into the wilderness alone can be _.Do you feel _ when going into the wilderness alone?3._ from the top of the mountain,the scenery was really fascinating._ the scenery
5、from the top of the mountain,I was fascinated by the autumn colours.4._ eastwards,you will pass the Canadian Rockies.Finally,the company _ by its new manager started to make a profit.amazingfrightenedSeeingheaded解析单词单词意义意义功能功能感到惊讶的1amazed作表语作表语作表语作表语令人惊讶的amazing2frightened感到害怕的作表语作表语frightening令人害怕的
6、作表语作表语3seen（从山顶）看作状语，与逻作状语，与逻辑主语之间是辑主语之间是被动关系被动关系seeing（从山顶）看（风景）作状语，与逻作状语，与逻辑主语之间是辑主语之间是主动关系主动关系4headed由率领作状语，与逻作状语，与逻辑主语之间是辑主语之间是被动关系被动关系heading向前进作状语，与逻作状语，与逻辑主语之间是辑主语之间是主动关系主动关系英语中有很多与感觉相关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式意为“令人的”，多用来形容物；其过去分词意为“感到的”，多用来形容人、人的声音或表情等。过去分词和动词过去分词和动词-ing形式作形容词的意义辨析形式作形容词的意义辨析exciting令
7、人激动的excited 激动的，兴奋的surprising令人惊讶的surprised 惊讶的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的frightening令人惊恐的frightened受惊的interesting令人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的moving令人感动的moved感动的pleasing令人高兴的pleased高兴的shocking令人震惊的 shocked震惊的tiring令人劳累的tired感到劳累的worrying令人担心的worried担心的satisfying令人满意的satisfied满意的puzzling令人迷惑的puzzled迷惑的动词
8、-ing动词-ing形式的用法 2作定语单个的动词-ing形式作定语，置于其所修饰的名词前面，如果是短语，置于其所修饰的名词后面。单个的动词-ing形式作定语，有时相当于名词，置于其所修饰的名词前面，说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，多数时候可以换成for引导的短语。单个的动词-ing形式作定语，有时相当于形容词，说明正在进行的动作。动词-ing形式作定语，有时相当于一个主动语态的定语从句。动词-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Yes.Ive never been
9、 to a more exciting one before.Who are those people with the banner?A group calling itself the League for Peace.Would you like to fetch me some drinking water?If you want to build a house,what you need are some building materials.If you want to read the magazine,you can go to a reading room.=water f
10、or drinking=materials for building=room for readingIn the following years he worked even harder.=In the years that followed he worked even harder.His brother,working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.=His brother,who is working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.过去分词过去分词的用法 2作定语当过去分词是一个单词时，一般用于名词前作定语；如果是过去分词
11、短语，则放在名词的后面。规则动词规则动词的过去分词形式与过去式构成相同；不规则动词不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则，务必牢记在心。过去分词作定语表示被动，相当于省略了“which/that+be”的定语从句。We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.The boy looked up with a pleased expression.Do you enjoy reading the books written by Xiao Hong?This is the photo taken by the photographer.Th
12、ose selected as committee members will attend the meeting.Those who are selected as committee members will attend the meeting.The meeting,attended by over five thousand people,welcomed the great hero.=The meeting,which was attended by over five thousand people,welcomed the great hero.练习填空：1.They liv
13、ed in a room _(face)the street.2.The man _(stand)there is Peters father.3.The question _(discussed)now at the meeting is quite confidential.4.Next weekend,well go to visit the bridge _(build)hundreds of years ago.facingstandingbeing discussedbuilt5.The first textbooks _(write)for teaching English as
14、 a foreign language came out in the 16th century.6.Recently a survey _(compare)prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.7.The next thing he saw was smoke _(rise)from behind the house.8.Tsinghua University,_(found)in 1911,is home to a great number
15、 of outstanding figures.writtencomparingrisingfounded完成句子：1.How I regretted the hours _ _(在树林浪费的时光)!2.I like wearing clothes _ _(这种布料做的)3.The woman _(卖菜的)left an hours ago.4.The Winter Olympic Games _ (即将举办)in the year 2022 will be a great success.wasted in themade of this selling vegetablesto be he
16、ldwoods kind of cloth动词-ing动词-ing形式的用法3作状语现在分词一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。作时间状语。可以在分词前保留when，while等连词，可改为时间状语从句。作原因状语。可以转换为原因状语从句。作伴随状语。多放于句尾，且与主句间用逗号隔开。表示伴随时一般不可以改为状语从句，却可改为并列谓语。作条件状语。可以改为条件状语从句。作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因。作目的状语。作让步状语。可改为让步状语从句。作方式状语。表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。Seeing her mother,the
17、 little girl smiled.Having finished his job,he went home.Having been told many times,the naughty boy made the same mistake.Be careful when you are crossing the street.B e c a r e f u l w h e n crossing the street.Being a league member,he is always helping others.Because he is a league member,he is a
18、lways helping others.Jane kept silent,trying not to show her feelings.Jane kept silent,and tried not to show her feelings.Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.If you play all day,you will waste your valuable time.Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.Though it was raining heavi
19、ly,it cleared up very soon.He ran too fast,falling to the ground.He ran too fast to fall to the ground.过去分词过去分词的用法3作状语说明谓语动词的动作和状态，与句子的主语之间是被动关系。由于过去分词(短语)具有副词的某些特征，因此在句中可以作原因、时间、条件、让步、伴随或结果等状语。Questioned by the police,Mr.Brown was at a loss what to do.警察询问布朗先生时，他不知所措。Compared with his brother,Tom s
20、eems more diligent.与他弟弟相比，汤姆好像更勤奋。Encouraged by the progress he has made,he works harder.由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。Published many times,his book still sells well in the market.尽管发行过多次，这本书在市场上仍然畅销。Tired by the trip,he soon fell asleep.Seen from the hill,the city looks like a garden.Given more time,I would
21、 have worked out the problem.Filled with hopes and fears,he entered the cave.Though warned of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.Because he was tired by the trip,he soon fell asleep.When the city is seen from the hill,the city looks like a garden.If I had been given more time,I woul
22、d have worked out the problem.He entered the cave and was filled with hopes and fears.Though he was warned of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.1.When we got back from the cinema,we found the lamp _(burn)but the door _(shut).2.He managed to make himself _(understand)with his _(brea
23、k)English.3.Theres a hole in your bag.I know,Im going to have it _(mend).4.I have often heard the ABC Song _(sing),but I have never heard Alice _(sing)it.5.When I put my hand on his chest,I could feel his heart still _(beat).6.Please get the work _(do)as soon as possible.burningshutunderstoodbrokenmendedsungsingbeatingdone易错点练习
