1、动词不定式的用法,动词不定式的结构,动词不定式的时态及语态,动词不定式的句法功能,课后练习,肯定式：to do,否定式：not to do,1.动词不定式的结构,动词不定式的结构,不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾语。 Eg： He wanted to be a volunteer. He wanted not to be a volunteer.,动词不定式的结构,
2、2.动词不定式的时态和语态,不定式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing _ 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing,1. They pretended not to see us. 2. When his mother came in , he pretended to be sleeping. 3.She pretended to have known it before.,(谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正进行，这时不定式就要用进行式),
3、.(一般式表示与谓语的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生 ）,.(完成式的动作发生于谓语动词动作之前),动词不定式的时态和语态,不定式的被动式: 如果不定式与所修饰的词构成被动关系时则用被动式。,It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. The book is said to have been
4、 translated into many languages. She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post.,动词不定式的时态和语态,（逻辑主语him 和critize之间是被动关系),做主语,做宾语补足语,做定语,做表语,做状语,做宾语,三 . 不定式的句法功能,作主语,To be a doctor is hard. To learn English well is hard.,单个分词做主语谓语动词用单数。,动词不定式做主语时，为了避免头重脚轻， 常用it做形式主语，而把真正主语放在句末。 To learn En
5、glish well is hard = It is hard to learn English well,动词不定式的句法功能,It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：,a) It is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong.)+( for/of sb.)+不定式 【例如】 It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve. It is not easy to catch fis
6、h with your hands only. It is important for us young people to learn English and master it. 其中adj 修饰的人时候用逻辑注意用of sb, 反之修饰 to do 时用for sb. It is not hard for one to do a bit of good Its kind of you to think so much of us.,动词不定式的句法功能,b) It is+名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, ones duty, an hono
7、r, a shame, a crime, no easy job.)+不定式 It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash. It is a pity to have to go without her. It is a glorious death to die for the people.,动词不定式的句法功能,c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience.)+不定式 It takes me three hours to l
8、earn English each day. It took them half the night to get home in the snow.,动词不定式的句法功能,作宾语,.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。如： He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study history. .有些动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语，必须跟动名词。如：decide，plan，desire，expect，hope, wish，pretend，promise，refuse，afford，agree
9、，ask，fail，tend，pretend，manage。,动词不定式的句法功能,.特殊疑问词与不定式常连用作宾语，在功能上相当于一个宾语从句，但不能构成复合宾语。这些词为：know, decide, ask, forget, get, remember, like, learn, think, tell, want, wish, advise, show等。如： I dont know what to do. 。 I havent decided how to go there. The map can show you where to go.,动词不定式的句法功能,4.动词feel,
10、believe, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语 - 动词不定式，而把真正的宾语放在句末。句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it + adj. / n. + to do.。 如： I dont think it right to do it in that way. I find it hard to get along with him.,动词不定式的句法功能,5 不定式用在介词but, except, 后时,如果这些介词前有行为 动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,She could do n
11、othing but cry.（前有都后无to） I have no choice but to go. What do you like to do except sleep. （前有都后无to）,动词不定式的句法功能,动词不定式的句法功能,作定语,不定式的句法功能,做状语目的、原因、结果或条件,注意：,1.做原因状语，某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词后跟不定式，表示原因，如： They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house . 2.作结果状语，要放在句子后面。不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名
12、词+as to，tooto，enough to和only to do(表事先没有预料到的结果）等结构。如： The boy is too young to go to school. 。 Would you be so kind as to do me a favor? The boy is old enough to take care of himself. I hurried to his house, only to find him out. （没有预料到他出去）,不定式的句法功能,My boss told me to type out two letters.,I didnt ex
13、pect you to arrive here so soon.,Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.,动词不定式的句法功能,2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, listen to, look at及使役动词make, have, let等后面常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但这类动词用于被动结构（have不用于被动结构）时，则不定式要带to。例如： He saw her enter the room.我看见她进了房间。 I heard her lock the doo
14、r. 我听见她锁上了门。 A child was seen to enter the building. 有人看见一个孩子进入大楼。 She was often heard to sing this song. 经常听到她唱这首歌。,动词不定式的句法功能,五看,watch,see,observe,notice,look at,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感,feel,动词不定式的句法功能,3. to be 结构动词think，consider，find，believe，suppose，know，understand 后，不定式作宾补时常用to be
15、结构。 I consider him to be an honest man.=I consider him honesty. The teacher thought the answer to be quite right. I suppose him to be away from home.,动词不定式的句法功能,作表语,动词不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，常说明主语的身份，职业，性质，内容或特征。主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。 The most important thing for ones
16、 health is to have plenty of exercise. My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter. The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information. What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.,动词不定
17、式的句法功能,注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do 时，作表语的不 定式可以省略符号 “to”，如： All we have to do is wait. The only thing I can do now is tell him the truth. All I could do was send him an email.,动词不定式的句法功能,(前有do 后无to),(前有do 后无to),(前有do 后无to),课后练习,课后练习,(2017年北京)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding pass
18、online_ their valuable time. A. Save B. saving C. to save D. saved,答案：C 许多航空公司允许他们的乘客在网上打印他们的登机牌 为了节省他们的宝贵的时间。根据句子的意义及结构可知需要动词不定式做目的状语。,高考链接,单句语法填空,1 Those letters are _ _ to the countryside right away. (send） 2. Tom pretended _ _something when his mother came in. (write) 3. My mother will be sorry _ _that news.(hear) 4. My baby has a heart trouble. Did the doctor find it difficult _?(treat) 5.Now we could not do anything but _for him here.(wait),课后练习,to be sent,to be writing,to hear,to treat,to wait,感谢您的观看,
