1、专题 阅读七选五,-2-,注:本表中的“长度”是指命题人所选短文材料所含的词数,不包括所配的多余的两个错误选项的词数。,-3-,一、体裁:通常为说明文。 二、内容:内容贴近学生,教人如何学习、做事、生活等。 三、长度:一段300350词的短文留出5个空白。 四、短文特征 1.常含有tips,steps,ways,methods等词。 2.文章多半有大标题、小标题、主题句,或有表示列举或顺序的词(如first,second,next,then,finally等),结构清晰,层次分明,条理清楚。 五、设空特点:空格设置可能在首段末、文中段首、段中或段末。在首段末时,主要是要求考生选下文的主题句;文
2、中段首主要考查段落小标题或段落的主题句:标题一般为名词短语或祈使句。文中段中段落主题句之后,很可能是说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主题、解释前句中的某个概念等。位于文中段中,可能只起衔接作用。位于段末或文末,可能是结论句。,-4-,六、选项排列:通常是由最短到最长依次排列,但也有可能由最长到最短依次排列。,-5-,一、四步巧应对,确保得高分,-6-,二、三法破迷局,避免连环错 解题时要从词、句、篇三个方面去寻找解题线索,即从文章中出现的关键词、选项中的句式结构特点和文章的整体篇章结构三个方面来综合考虑,找到命题规律。 1.根据结构轻松选 在解题过程中,除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画
3、掉缩小范围外,通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小,一般可将7个选项缩小到24个选项,这样就大大提高了解题的效率。 (1)段落首句或标题结构 如果考查段落首句或段落标题,先看看其他同位置句子或标题的结构形式,因为它们基本上是同一语言形式。如果都是名词短语,该题答案也是名词短语;如果都是祈使句,该题答案也是祈使句。,-7-,(201610浙江) . Do well in school. Do good in your community (社区). Remember,respect them and value their opinions,even if they annoy you som
4、etimes. A.Live life to the fullest. C.Be nice to your parents and teachers. D.Find chances to do volunteer work that interests you. G.Keep in mind that they do the things they do because they care about you.,-8-,解析 C 本题要求选段落首句。观察其他段落首句,都是祈使句,因此,本空答案也应是祈使句;七个选项中只有A、C、D、G四个选项是祈使句,这样就可大大缩小选择范围;浏览四个选项,再
5、看空后文字:尊重他们,珍惜他们的建议,即使有时候他们使你很烦。故上句意思是:要对你的老师和父母好。故选C项。,-9-,(2)句子结构 如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分,就要看看空后这个部分是不是句子,如果是句子,看看是否有连词,如果没有连词,要选的正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。 【典例】 Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs. ,buy the best-fitting,best-built running
6、shoes you can find. A.After six days B.For a good marathon runner C.Before you begin your training,-10-,解析 从句式结构上看,逗号后是祈使句,没有连词,正确答案要么是带有连词的从句,要么是一个短语,只有A、B、C三个选项符合,这样就缩小了选择范围;根据空前句中的preparation (准备)和常识可知是“训练前”,故选C项。,-11-,2.利用词汇定答案 (1)复现词 词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段,而七选五正是考查语篇衔接,因此,利用词语复现解七选五,有事半功倍之效。七选五材料中的复现
7、包括:原词复现、同义复现、近义复现、同根复现(如read,reading,reader,readers等)。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher,parent的上义词,而teacher,parent是adult的下义词)。,-12-,【典例1】 (20186浙江) Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat,clean,and in good repair. 32 By choosing to keep the o
8、utside of the home in great shape,you will help to improve the look and feel of the area. E.Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car,pick it up. F.People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. G.Here are a few tips to help you win over ever
9、yone in the neighborhood quickly.,-13-,解析 F 本选项是句中衔接句。由上一句“.keep our property neat,clean,and in good repair”和下一句“.in great shape.”等信息可知,只有把自己的屋前屋后整理干净,保持整洁,才能赢得邻居们的尊重, F项中的fresh和inviting等与clean,in good repair等词汇语义上较一致。,-14-,【典例2】 You might represent each letter with a number,for example. Lets number
10、 the letters of the alphabet. E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 解析 空后句中有the alphabet(字母表),只有G项中有此词,故选G项。另外,选项G中的stand for与空后句中的represent是同义复现。,-15-,(2)代词指代 代
11、词用于指代前面提及的事情。做题时,可通过代词在句中所作的成分和代词的单复数推断出它所指代的成分,巧妙利用这样的指代关系准确而快速地从选项中找到答案。 【典例1】 When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example,if your topic is about environm
12、ental problems in America,you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. G.With a question like this,you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.,-16-,解析 G 考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是结尾句。由其前面的问句“Why do you
13、 think.”等可知,提问时不要使用可以用“Yes”或“No”来简单回答的问题,而应该采用些能让被采访者多说话的问题,由此选用G项。G项中的“a question like this”,就是指的上一句所问的这个问题。所有的空格中,只有本空前的句子是一个问句,由此可以轻松锁定答案。,-17-,【典例2】 We face problems in our everyday life. Dont worry.As long as you are breathing,you can solve problems. . D.Knowing the problem means solving half t
14、he problem itself. E.They can be social problems,relationship problems,or problems at work. F.Spend 10% of the time analyzing the problem and 90% on the solution,not the opposite. 解析 E 空前谈到生活中我们会遇到很多问题。可知E项“可能是一些社会问题,(人际)关系问题,或者工作问题。”符合语境。选项E中的“They”指的就是上文所说的“problems”。,-18-,(3)疑问词 如果选项中或设空处前出现疑问词,一
15、定要认真研读,有的较为笼统,比如,前面是疑问句,选项则会出现“answer”或“reply”等词。有的则较为具体,针对不同疑问词给出不同的回答方式。比如对why的回答,一般要有because等表示原因的词;对when的回答,一般要有表示时间的词;对where的回答,一般要有表示地点的词;对how的回答,一般要有表示方式或程度的词等。,-19-,3.瞻前顾后析逻辑 该法主要针对过渡句,包括段落内部的过渡句以及段落之间的过渡句。 解题时,要“瞻前顾后”找启示,即根据空格句与上下句之间的逻辑关系(这些关系往往会通过一些连接和过渡词汇来体现)来解题,如解释关系(对前句或对主题的进一步解释)、并列关系(
16、and,or,on the one hand.on the other hand等)、转折关系(though,instead,otherwise, nevertheless,however等)、因果关系(because,so,since,now that等)、递进关系(besides,moreover等)等,看所选的答案是否能将两部分内容连贯起来。,-20-,【典例】(201711浙江) How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a report
17、er hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. But with these tips,your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy. . A.Limit your time. B.As you approach people,be polite. C.If you dont own a camera,you can buy one. D.For new reporters,this can seem like a chall
18、enging task.,-21-,解析 D 由下句中的But可知,选项和下句(your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy)是转折关系,也就是说选项中表达的意思应该和下句中的“easy”相反,选项D中“challenging(棘手的,困难的)”正好符合语境。由此可知答案。,-22-,【真题1】(20186浙江) Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience.Of course,you want to make sure
19、that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 31 Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat,clean,and in good repa
20、ir. 32 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape,you will help to improve the look and feel of the area. Second,take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk,take along a small garbage bag. 33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you car
21、e about the area.,-23-,34 If a neighbor is going to be out of town,offer to collect mail and newspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness,offer to do the grocery shopping.Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable,while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor. 35 By
22、following the basic rules of respecting others,taking care of what belongs to you,and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general,you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.,-24-,A.In general,keep an eye on their property while they are gone. B.A good neighbo
23、r is also one who likes to help out in small ways. C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior. D.Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping. E.Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car,pick it up. F.People tend to take pride in
24、keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.,-25-,【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。乔迁新居是一件令人兴奋的事情,如何在新地区与邻居们友好相处呢?本文介绍了几种让你成为好邻居的方法。,-26-,答案及解析 31.G 根据空处的上句“The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yoursel
25、f as a good neighbor should.”可知,要做到这一点,最简单的方法就是确保你自己是一个好邻居。结合下文内容可知,G项承上启下,故选G项。 32.F 根据上文的“keep your property (房产) neat,clean,and in good repair”及下文的“you will help to improve the look and feel of the area”,可知此处表示“人们往往以保持街道清新诱人为傲”,故选F项。 33.E 根据上文的“take along a small garbage bag”可知,外出散步最好携带一个小的垃圾袋子,承
26、接前文,此处表示“如果你碰到从一辆飞驰的汽车上扔出来的废纸,就把它捡起来”,故选E项。,-27-,34.B 根据后文列举的帮助邻居的情况可知,此处表示“一个好邻居也是一个喜欢在小事情上帮助别人的人”,故选B项。 35.C 根据后文的“respecting others,taking care of what belongs to you.that everyone appreciates”可知,做一个人人喜欢的好邻居,你要考虑很多,故C项符合语境。,-28-,【真题2】(201711浙江) How to Remember What You Read Reading is important.B
27、ut the next step is making sure that you remember what youve read! 31 You may have just read the text,but the ideas,concepts and images(形象)may fly right out of your head.Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read. 32 If the plot,characters,or word usage is confusing for you,you likely wont
28、be able to remember what you read.Its a bit like reading a foreign language.If you dont understand what youre reading,how would you remember it?But there are a few things you can do.Use a dictionary;look up the difficult words.,-29-,Are you connected? Does a character remind you of a friend?Does the
29、 setting make you want to visit the place?Does the book inspire you,and make you want to read more?With some books,you may feel a connection right away. 33 How willing are you to make the connections happen? Read it;hear it;be it! Read the lines.Then,speak them out loud.And,put some character into t
30、he words.When he was writing his novels,Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters.Hed make faces in the mirror,and change his voice for each character. 34,-30-,How often do you read? If you read frequently,youll likely have an easier time with remembering what youre reading (and what
31、 youve read). 35 As you make reading a regular part of your life,youll make more connections,stay more focused and understand the text better.Youll learn to enjoy literatureas you remember what you read! A.Are you confused? B.Practice makes perfect. C.Whats your motivation? D.Memory is sometimes a t
32、ricky thing. E.Marking helps you remember what you read. F.But other books require a bit more work on your part. G.You can do the same thing when you are reading the text!,-31-,【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者给出几种方法帮助记忆阅读过的内容,包括扫清生词障碍,将所读到的内容与已有知识建立联系,把自己置身于情节之中和经常性阅读。,-32-,答案及解析 31.D 下文告诉我们“你可能刚刚读过某篇文章,但却对文章所传达的思
33、想、概念以及形象等一片茫然”。接下来作者给出了几条能记住所读内容的方法。D项说明了阅读有时很让人棘手,与空白后所表述含义一致,故选D项。 32.A 这一段告诉我们:能记住所读内容的前提是读懂,这就需要首先通过查字典等办法扫清生词障碍,文中的“confusing”及“dont understand”是选项A中的“confused”的复现。 33.F 该空白后的内容为将正在阅读的内容与已有知识之间建立联系。有些书的内容会让你立即产生这种联想,因此推断该空白处的内容也是与建立联系有关,F选项含义为“其他书则更多地需要你自己努力了”,与上下文顺畅衔接,另外other books也与空白前的some b
34、ooks相对应。,-33-,34.G 这里给出的方法是要求读者能全身心投入到所读内容中去,列举了狄更斯的例子旨在说明这种方法的可行性,因此读者也可以使用这种方法记住所读内容,G项符合文意。 35.B 上文提到了将阅读作为一种日常活动,空白处则说明了这样做的好处。由此可推知,该空白处内容与经常阅读相关,选项B符合语境。,-34-,【真题3】(20176浙江) How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the stre
35、ets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips,your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy. When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions
36、 relating to it.For example,if your topic is about environmental problems in America,you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America?” 32 Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say,“Excuse me,I work for XYZ News,and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about
37、this topic.” This is a quick way to get people to warm up.,-35-,Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Dont get discouraged. 34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you get the answer you need,mov
38、e on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview,you are getting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer,you wont be able to use it.A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35 If your news station or school requires interviewees t
39、o sign release forms to appear on the air,dont leave work without them.,-36-,A.Limit your time. B.As you approach people,be polite. C.If you dont own a camera,you can buy one. D.For new reporters,this can seem like a challenging task. E.To get good and useful results,ask them the same question. F.Th
40、at number of interviews should give you all the answers you need. G.With a question like this,you will get more than a “Yes” or “No” reply.,【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了如何成功地做好街边的随机采访。,-37-,答案及解析 31.D 考查语境理解及主题句。该句用来引入本文的话题。根据下文“But with these tips.”可知,街头的随机采访对于初入职场的新闻工作者来说是富有挑战性的工作,但有了以下指点,你就能得心应手了,所以选用D选项
41、。 32.G 考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是结尾句。由前句“Why do you think.”等可知,提问的时候不要使用可以用“Yes”或“No”来简单回答的问题,而应该采用些能让被采访者多说话的问题,由此选用G选项。 33.B 考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是连接句。由该句前面的“confidence”和下文的“.Excuse me.”可知,提问者要自信,同时也要有礼貌,所以选用B选项。,-38-,34.A 考查段落主题句。由其后的“.shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.move on to the next person.”可知,采访的时间要控制,不可过
42、长,所以选用A选项。 35.F 考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是结尾句。根据前一句的“ A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten.”可知,采访的次数要适当,610次为宜,这个数量的采访就可以使你获得你需要的所有答案,所以选用F选项。,-39-,【真题4】(201610浙江) How to Have a Successful Teenage Life Everyone wants to succeed in their life,dont they?Even as a teenager,you can achieve su
43、ccess in your life; it really isnt that hard. 31 Do well in school.No matter how boring it is now,education will help you be a productive member in society.Try your best for excellence in school; listen to the teachers,do your homework,study,and get good grades.Doing so will help you get into a bett
44、er university,which will enable you to have a bright future. 32,-40-,Do good in your community(社区).Volunteering can not only improve your communitys status,it could make you happier.Studies show that people who volunteer are less likely to develop depression(抑郁) than people who dont. 33 For example,
45、if you love animals,volunteer at an animal shelter.If you love helping the environment,plant trees or pick up litter.When you help others,it will make you feel better about yourself. 34 Remember,theyre there to help you be the best that you can be.Respect them and value their opinions,even if they a
46、nnoy you sometimes. 35 You dont get to choose your teachers or your family,but you still have to put up with them.Learn how to deal with people now,because when youre an adult,you dont get to choose your boss or your co-workers,so learn how to respect them now.,-41-,A.Live life to the fullest. B.Sch
47、ool sets you up on the right track! C.Be nice to your parents and teachers. D.Find chances to do volunteer work that interests you. E.It will help you pass time and develop your personality. F.Here are some important points that you may find helpful. G.Keep in mind that they do the things they do be
48、cause they care about you.,【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要提出了几点成功的学生生活的建议。,-42-,答案及解析 31.F 该空出现在首段的最后一句,很明显是主旨概括句,根据下文三段内容。它起着承上启下的作用。 32.B 该空出现在第二段段尾,考查逻辑思维能力。根据“Do well in school.”以及空格前的“have a bright future”可知,此处与学校有关,“on the right track”与“a bright future”相吻合。 33.D 该空主要考查上下文逻辑思维能力。段落主要讲述在社区做好事。根据前面“Volunteering”和空前一句可知,应该是进行志愿者服务。故选D项。 34.C 该空在段首。主要考查主旨概括能力。根据前两段段首都是祈使句且为段落主旨句可知,此处应用祈使句。再根据空后“Respect.value”等关键词可知C项正确。 35.G 该空主要考查上下文逻辑思维能力。根据空后“You dont get to choose your teachers or your family.”可知,与G项吻合。,
