1、Back to nature选择性必修第三册.知识体系图解 重点词汇1.rural adj.2.cottage n.3.domestic adj.4.depart v.5.botanical adj.6.adj.抑郁的 7.n.纯洁,纯净 8.v.安于,顺从于 9.v.冷落,嫌弃 10.n.舒适,悠闲 11.v.得到,获得 12.v.评价,评估 农村的,乡村的 乡村小屋驯养的;家养的离开植物学的depressivepurityresignrejecteaseattainevaluate重点短语1.反对 2.关注 3.目的 4.作为回报 5.反应 6.in contrast to 7.resig
2、n oneself to 8.withdraw from 9.at ease be opposed tofocus onaim toin returnreaction to对比顺从退出闲适1.the short introduction to 2.share with 3.aristocratic4.noted 5.recluse.6.five-word line 7.be described as 8.essayist 9.in his early twenties 10.mentor live in 居住居住superficially adv.表面上地表面上地separated adj.不
3、同的不同的polar opposite 截然不同的人或物截然不同的人或物 intense强烈的强烈的an respect for 对对.的尊重的尊重influential 有影响力的有影响力的figure n.人物；形象人物；形象 Para 1Para 11.Superficially,these two men,whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1,500 years,were polar opposites.Sentences句子主干是these two men were polar opposites;whose lives wer
4、e separated in time by nearly 1,500 years是whose引导的非限制性定语从句，对those two men 进行补充说明。从表面上看，这两个在时间上间隔了近1500年的人是截然不同的。2.And yet they shared an intense respect for nature,which made them each an influential figure of their time.然而,他们对自然有着强烈的尊重,这使得他们每个人成了那个时代有影响力的人物。influential为形容词,表示“有很大影响的”,它还有“有支配力的”含义。S
5、he is one of the most influential figures in local politics.她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物之一。【词汇拓展】influence v.影响,起作用n.影响,作用influence upon/on sb/sth对产生影响under the influence of在的影响下He was arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol.他因涉嫌酒后驾驶被捕。This example has a great influence upon/on young people
6、.这个事例对年轻人有重大的影响。Dont let me influence you either way.不要让我在任何方面影响你。【名师点睛】affect/impress/influence翻译为“影响”时的区别:(1)affect v.“影响”,通常由物作主语,多指产生消极作用。The food is for the areas affected by the flood.食物是为受洪水影响的地区准备的。(2)impress v.“给留下深刻印象”,指给人留下很深的印象,从而受到影响和感动,比 affect 影响更深,时间更长。His lecture that day impressed
7、the audience.他那天的讲座让听众印象深刻。(3)influence v.“影响”,通常指潜移默化地起作用。What influenced him to take up teaching?是什么影响他去从事教学工作?Para 2Para 2dramatic dramatic transformation transformation reconnect with reconnect with feel conflicted over feel conflicted over 对对.感到困惑感到困惑for good for good 永久地永久地in return for in ret
8、urn for 作为对作为对.的回报的回报arduous arduous djdjss adj.adj.艰苦的艰苦的succeed in doing succeed in doing 成功做某事成功做某事contentment contentment kkn ntentmtentmntntn.n.满足满足-content k-content kn ntent tent simpliity simpliity ssm mplpls st t n.n.简单；简明；容易简单；简明；容易draw.from draw.from 从从.中得到中得到 Why did Tao Yuanming quit th
9、e service of the court?(para2)A.He was paid only five dou of grain.B.He was tired of the conflict over life at court.C.He could live a decent life in the rural area.D.He was forced to do this by his superior上级.1.In 405,he quit the service of the court for good,expressing his unhappiness in the now f
10、amous line that he would not“bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.在公元405年,他辞去朝廷的官职,用现在流行的“不为五斗米折腰”表达了他的不悦。【词汇精讲】in return 作为回报/作为回应Can I buy you lunch in return for your help?I asked for his advice,but he just asked me a question in return.Practice:我会和你一起去，但你得为我做点什么作为回报。Ill come with
11、you,but you have to do something for me in return.现在分词expressing his unhappiness in the famous line that he作伴随状语，其中that引导同位语从句，解释说明line的具体内容。2.drawfrom 从中得到/获取I drew a lot of comfort from his kind words.Plants draws nourishment from the soil.Practice:你从报告中得出了什么结论？What conclusions did you draw from t
12、he report?Para 3Para 3return to nature回归自然a reaction to 对.的回应be opposed to 反对decision to do.的决定transform 改变decent quality of life相当好的生活质量on the edge of 在.边缘focus on 专注于deliberately adv.从容不迫地 withdraw from Whats the reason for Thoreaus return to nature?(para3)A.He wanted to seek a peaceful life.B.He
13、wanted to live a decent life.C.He was forced by the conflict to do so.D.The life he lived then was too arduous(艰苦的).While Taos return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to,Thoreaus was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.While用于对比两种事物，意为“而”“然而”。he was opposed to 和he
14、 lived均为定语从句，分别修饰a lifestyle和the way。尽管陶渊明回归大自然是对他反对的生活方式作出的反应,梭罗改变他的生活方式则是一个私人决定。【词汇精讲】reaction为名词,表示“反应,回应”,常与to连用。What was his reaction to the news?他对这消息有何反应?【词汇拓展】react v.反应,对作出反应react with同反应react toThis chemical class is about the reaction of metals with oxygen and our teacher shows us how iro
15、n reacts with air and water.这堂化学课是关于金属和氧气在一起的反应,老师展示给我们铁与水和空气是如何起反应的。Practice:观众对这部电影有不同的反应。The audiences have different reactions to this film.withdraw from 退出；撤回；提取（存款）This credit card allows you to withdraw up to$200 a day from ATMS.Practice:她因腿伤不得不退出了比赛。She had to withdraw from the competition b
16、ecause of a leg injury.What is the feature of Taos works?(para 4)A.A depressive court life.B.Frontier style C.Jungle 丛林scenery.D.Fields 田野and villages乡村少无适俗韵，性本爱丘山。误落尘网中，一去三十年。羁鸟恋旧林，池鱼思故渊。开荒南野际，守拙归园田。方宅十余亩，草屋八九间。榆柳荫后檐，桃李罗堂前。暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。户庭无尘杂，虚室有余闲。久在樊笼里，复得返自然。归园田居归园田居Para 5Para 5descript
17、ion of nature description of nature 对自然的描述对自然的描述-describe v-describe v puritypurity n n 纯洁纯洁,洁净洁净devote oneself to.devote oneself to.全身心投入到全身心投入到.observations of the natural phenomena observations of the natural phenomena 对自然现象的观察对自然现象的观察detailed findings detailed findings 详细的发现详细的发现aim to do.aim to
18、 do.旨在做旨在做.have a right to do.have a right to do.有权利做有权利做.in harmony in harmony 和谐地和谐地resign oneself toresign oneself to使某人尽情的享受使某人尽情的享受.好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。-Thoreau重点句式Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena,he recorded his detailed findings in his journ
19、als.致力于研究自然现象,他在他的日志中详细记录了他的发现。【句式剖析】Devoting himself to.现在分词(非谓语)在句子中作状语,通常都表示主语在进行的另一动作,用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。Having lived with the girl for years,we all know her well.和那个女孩儿生活了几年,我们都非常了解她。【句式拓展】现在分词作状语可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作,相当于相对应的状语从句或者并列句。Not knowing how to work out the difficult math proble
20、m,he asked the teacher for help.(原因状语)因为不知道如何解出这道数学难题,他向老师求助。Working hard,youll succeed.(条件状语)只要努力学习,你就会成功。Weighing one hundred jin,the stone was moved by him alone.(让步状语)这块石头虽然重达百斤,但还是被他一个人移开了。Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.(结果状语)他们的车遇上了交通拥堵,结果导致了迟到。The children ran ou
21、t of the classroom,laughing and talking happily.(伴随状语)孩子们快乐地说着、笑着跑出了教室。Reaching his arm long enough,the boy got the dictionary down from the top of the bookshelf.(方式状语)那个男孩把胳膊伸长,取下了书架顶端的字典。Watching the football match attentively,Tom received a phone call from his father.(时间状语)正专注地看着足球赛,汤姆收到了他父亲的来电。T
22、he smoke above reluctant to depart.炊烟轻柔而缓慢地向上飘升(依依墟里烟)。【词汇精讲】reluctant为形容词,表示“不情愿的;勉强的”。She was reluctant to admit she was wrong.她不愿意承认自己有错。【词汇拓展】reluctantly adv.不情愿地be reluctant to do sth不情愿做某事The child was reluctant to leave her mother.这个孩子不愿意离开她的妈妈。resign oneself to(doing)sth.使自己顺从于（做）某事；安于We had
23、 to resign ourselves to making a loss on the sale.We have to resign ourselves to fate since we cannot think out an effective remedy.Practice:16岁时，我接受了自己永远不能成为舞者的事实。.Para 6Para 6considerable considerable 相当大的相当大的 adjadjIt takes.to do.It takes.to do.花费花费.做做.reflective reflective adj.adj.深思的，反思的深思的，反思的
24、at ease with at ease with 不拘束，放松不拘束，放松take sb.a step closer totake sb.a step closer to 使某人更接近使某人更接近The author wants people to_ according to the passage.(para 6)A.live a life in the countryside B.attain personal well-being and fulfilment C.live with as much material as we can D.live a free lifeIt tak
25、es considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature,as both Tao and Thoreau did.。【词汇精讲】reject 为及物动词,表示“拒绝接受;不予考虑”。The proposal was firmly rejected.这项提议被断然否决。rejection n.拒绝拒绝,否决否决The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.首相对任何改革体制的想法都不予考
26、虑。Her proposal met with rejection.她的建议遭到否决。at ease with 不拘束，放松I am never at ease with strangers.She felt completely at ease with Bernard.Practice:简很好相处，我们和她在一起感到很自在。Jane is so easy-going that we feel at ease with her.Questions analysis肆月What does Thoreaus work emphasize?_ Whats the aim of Thoreaus w
27、riting?_the beauty and purity of the wild areas around himTo convince that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper.介词填空1.They bought an old schoolhouse to live and built a workshop in the basement.2.It took an extraordinary effort to focus preparing his classes or correcting his students
28、work.3.She succeeded inventing the new machine.4.After I had graduated I continued to devote myself_ research.5.The president cannot yet be described a failure.inonintoas.课文语法填空Superficially,Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau shared respect for nature that made them an 1.(influence)figure of their
29、 day.Both men made dramatical transformations to their lives in order to reconnect 2.nature.As an official,Tao felt 3.(conflict)over life at court and succeeded in 4.(find)contentment in its simplicity.Thoreau lived in a cottage in the forest,5.(focus)on himself and his writing.Thoreaus 6.(describe)
30、of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him.7.(devote)himself to observations of the natural phenomena,he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.influential withconflictedfindingfocusingdescriptionsDevotingWe should live with them in 8.(harmonious)and enjoy natures gifts.It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature,9.both Tao and Thoreau did.Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives 10.fewer material desires.harmonyaswithThe magic of natureThanks for your listening
