1、单单词词课课堂堂A word is a microcosm of human consciousness.Vygotsky版本：版本：新北师新北师单元：必修单元：必修三三 Unit 8(TOPIC TALK LESSON 1)本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理1.taptap 是英式英语，对应的美式英语是 faucet词块：turn on/off the tap熟词生义：轻拍；轻敲；开发；挖掘2.oceanocean 是美式英语，对应的英式英语是 sea 3.smogsmog 是由 smoke（烟）和 fog（雾）组成的混合词。1905年，在公共健康委员会的一次会议中，一名博士创造了该词，用来形容伦
2、敦烟雾弥漫。派生词：smoggy4.desertde-(undo 去掉)+serere(to join together 加入)不加入 离开 抛弃；离弃n 沙漠；n 和 v 发音不同5.globalglobe(n 球体)+-al；派生词：globally词块：global warming6.industrial构词法：industry industrial 词块：the Industrial Revolution7.extinction 构词法：extinct extinctionextinct：ex-(向外)+-stinct(刺)拔刺、拔出 连根拔起 灭绝 词块：in danger of e
3、xtinction8.solution构词法：solve solution用法：a solution to sth(类似结构：way to,key to 等)9.electricity 词块：cut off electricity,make/produce electricity,turn on/off electricity词族：electric,electrical,electrically,electrician,electricity10.transporttrans-(across 横过、越过)+-port-(to carry 运输、携带)词块：public transport11.
4、recyclere-(重复)+cycle(v 循环)重复循环 回收利用词族：cycle,cycling,recycle,recycling12.battery词源：动词 bat（击打）的名词形式。battery 最初表示“连续重击”，后衍生出“轰炸”之意。后来又被用来表示包含一组火炮或炮台，因为包含多门火炮的火炮组能够不间断地连续发射炮弹。电池问世后，美国科学家本富兰克林将电池叫作 battery，因为电池能像火炮组一样连续发射电荷。词块：dead/flat battery,the battery dies/goes dead 13.balancebi-(two 两个)+lanx(pans 盘
5、)天平 平衡词块：keep/have a balance between.and,keep/lose ones balance,a sense of balance派生词：balanced 词块：a balanced diet14.flatflat 是英式英语，对应的美式英语是 apartment词源：在英国，人们原本习惯居住在独立的房屋中。直到19世纪末期，随着城市化进程和人口增加，伦敦城中传统的独立房屋的价格日益昂贵，越来越多的人负担不起，因此出现了公寓楼。这种楼房由多层构成，每一层都是单独的一套居住单位，人们可以购买或租用楼房中的一层。在英语中，人们管这种楼房中的一套居住单位称为 fla
6、t，本意是“一层、一个平面”，而一栋公寓楼则称为 a block of flats。flat 中的一个房间称作 apartment，意思是 flat 中的一个 part（部分）。但到了美国，美国人逐渐用 apartment 来表示整个flat。但是在英国、新加坡等英联邦国家中，人们还是使用 flat 来表示一套公寓。15.root基本义：根；名词动词化 词块：be rooted in 16.shoot一词多义：基本义“投射”词块：shoot up17.bothered构词法：bother bothered词块：cant be bothered to do sth 18.firmadj 一词多义
7、：基本义“坚硬的”n 近义词：business/company派生词：firmly19.foundation词族：found,founder,founding,foundation词块：lay the(firm)foundation for20all around the world近义词：all over the world,globally21.involvein-(进入、使)+-volve(卷入)，词源义和基本义是“使卷入”词块：involve doing sth,involve sb/oneself in(doing)sth 派生词：involved,involvement重重难难点点
8、词词精精讲讲balance一词多义一词多义搭配义搭配义shoot一词多义一词多义transportbother&bothered英语释义英语释义involve一词多义一词多义英语释义英语释义foundation一词多义一词多义一词多义一词多义词根词根 n C AmE transportation 运输；运输；搬运搬运：The company will arrange transport of goods from the airport.交通运输系统；交通运输系统；交通工具：交通工具：air/road transport Which kind of public transport do yo
9、u prefer to use:bus or train?vt 运输；运输；输送；输送；搬运搬运：At present,lots of food and medicine are being transported from all over China to the earthquake stricken areas.2008 湖北改transporttrans-(across 横过、越过)+-port-(to carry 运输、携带)使进入特定境地：使进入特定境地：Humour transports your mind away from your daily troubles.2020
10、江苏改 transportation n U 运输；运输；客运；客运；货运；货运；运输工具运输工具(BrE transport)词根词根 port词根词根前缀前缀v/adjport拿；运输to carry re-:回(back)reportsup-:在下(underneath)supporttrans-:横过/越过(over/across)transportex-:出(out)exportim-:入(in)importde-:分开/离开(away)deportim-:入(in);-ant:的important根据所给提示，写出下列句子中画线单词的汉语释义。根据所给提示，写出下列句子中画线单词的
11、汉语释义。1.We were greatly encouraged by the support we received._2.The event was widely reported in the national press._3.Blood transports oxygen around the body._4.We export our products to countries as far afield as Japan and Canada._5.These are made mainly of rice,much of which is imported from othe
12、r parts of the world._6.Thousands of illegal immigrants（非法移民）are caught and deported every year._支持支持报道报道出口出口运输运输驱逐出境驱逐出境进口进口balancebalance 最初的本意是“天平”。它源自古拉丁语 bilanx，由 bi（two，两个）+lanx（pans，盘）构成，指的就是“由两个秤盘构成的天平”。后来，该词又逐渐衍生出“平衡”的比喻之意，再在财会领域中，由“财务平衡表的差值”而衍生出“余额”之意。天秤座libra来自拉丁语，英语中也称作the Balance。古希腊神话中
13、的公平女神阿斯特赖亚（Astraea），她手持一架天平（balance），象征公平公正的原则。后来众神之王宙斯将其秤的形象升上天空，用来警示世人要追求公平、平等，趋善避恶，使其成为天秤（平）座，即libra。balance n C 天平；秤：天平；秤：Weigh it on the balance.U 常用单数常用单数 平衡；均衡：平衡；均衡：keep/lose ones balanceAthletes need a good sense of balance.I think its important to have a balance between study and a social
14、life,so Im going to join a few clubs.C 常用单数常用单数 余额；余款：余额；余款：I have a balance of about$50,000 in my savings account.【重要搭配重要搭配】on balance 总的说来：总的说来：On balance,I think we made the right decision.vt&vi(使使)保持平衡；保持平衡；(使使)均衡：均衡：The hospital needs to balance the budget each year.Hobbies help people balance
15、between work and play.A group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.【词汇拓展词汇拓展】balanced adj 常用于名词前常用于名词前 均衡的：均衡的：a balanced diet balance 语义网络图语义网络图抽象的“平衡”天平；秤平衡；均衡余额；余款平衡平衡（基本义）vn账户上的“平衡”（使）保持平衡；（使）均衡使物体“平衡”的工具New Balance 1906年，New Balance创始人William J.Riley先生在美国波士顿成立了一家脚弓支撑器公司
16、，专门订做整形外科的脚弓支撑器和矫正鞋。有一天，他观察院子里的小鸡时发现，小鸡的三个爪子可以保持平衡。他受到启发，将这种平衡原理运用到脚弓支撑器的设计和研发上，并为其取了一个名字New Balance，New Balance名字应运而生并沿用至今。New Balance还和整形外科有渊源，改变某种缺陷，使其重新达到平衡（balance）。shootshoot 基本义是基本义是“投射投射”(shot,shot)v vi&vt 开（枪等武器）；射出；射击：开（枪等武器）；射出；射击：He shot the arrow from the bow.He hit the target after he
17、shot at it several times.vt 射中；射死：射中；射死：The police shot one suspect when he pulled a gun on them.vt&vi 拍摄：拍摄：The movie was shot in New Zealand.shoot vt&vi 射门；投篮：射门；投篮：The basketball player shot the last goal.vi&vt（使）快速移动：（使）快速移动：The pickpocket shot his hand into her bag.One more look and he noticed
18、flames shooting out from under the disabled vehicle.2016 全国 n C 嫩枝；新芽：嫩枝；新芽：bamboo shoots 竹笋The rose is putting out new shoots.shooting n C 射击；枪杀；射击；枪杀；U（电影）拍摄（电影）拍摄shoot 语义网络图语义网络图投射投射shoot 基本义基本义“投射投射”弓箭、子弹等“投射投射”导致受伤或死亡开（枪等开（枪等武器）；武器）；射出；射击射出；射击射中；射死射中；射死拍摄拍摄（使）快速（使）快速移动移动射门；投篮射门；投篮摄影机等“投射投射”光线而捕
19、捉镜头“投射投射”篮球、足球等某人、某物从某处快速地“投射投射”bother v vi&vt 常用于否定句和疑问句常用于否定句和疑问句 费心；麻烦费心；麻烦 to spend time and/or energy doing sth：He didnt bother to answer the question.I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.Why bother?Mary is interested.2011 天津 vt 使烦恼；使苦恼使烦恼；使苦恼(worry)；使疼痛；使疼痛 to annoy,worry or upset
20、sb;to cause sb trouble or pain：You neednt bother yourself about/with small things.My wrist has been bothering me.vt 打扰打扰 to interrupt sb(trouble)：Dont bother me while Im reading.Sorry to bother you,but the manager is on the line.bothered adj不用于名词前担心的；烦恼的不用于名词前担心的；烦恼的cant be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事；
21、嫌麻烦不懒得做某事；嫌麻烦不做某事：做某事：My older brother couldnt be bothered to play with me.2020 浙江看图猜词看图猜词foundationfoundation C&U 基础；基本原则；根据基础；基本原则；根据 the idea,principle,or fact on which sth is based：The foundation of every state is its education of its youth.“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I hav
22、e made,”Yang Zhenning recalled.U 创建；创办创建；创办(establishment)：the foundation of the first university C常用复数地基；房基：常用复数地基；房基：How long will it take to finish digging the foundations?C 基金会：基金会：Childrens Foundation of China词源：found(=fund,底部、基础)+-ation，与fund同源本杰明富兰克林（Benjamin Franklin,1706 1790），美国政治家,美国独立战争时
23、期重要的领导人之一。同时他也是一位物理学家，发明了避雷针，最早提出电荷守恒定律。这是一句教育名言，有这是一句教育名言，有人说它出自本杰明人说它出自本杰明 富兰克林富兰克林，更多的人认为它是一句荀，更多的人认为它是一句荀子经典语录的英文版。你能子经典语录的英文版。你能把这个句子翻译成中文吗？把这个句子翻译成中文吗？荀子荀子involve不闻不如闻之，不闻不如闻之，闻之不如见之，闻之不如见之，见之不如知之，见之不如知之，知之不如行之；知之不如行之；学至于行之而止学至于行之而止矣。行之，明也。矣。行之，明也。荀子荀子儒儒效效 包含；需要包含；需要 to make sth necessary in a
24、n activity or situation：involve(doing)sth:A crosstalk performance involves talking,imitating,singing and telling jokes.The work of a teacher involves love and devotion.2010 上海改词源解读：involve 由词缀in-+词根-volve 组成，in-意为“进入；使”，-volve 意为“卷入”。involve的词源义和基本义是“使卷入”。involve vt 同义异构：同义异构：include 涉及；影响涉及；影响 to a
25、ffect or be related to sb/sth：If your goal involves other people,put yourself in their positions.2009 上海How many vehicles were involved in the crash?使参加使参加 to make sb take part in sth：involve sb/oneself(in sth):Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience
26、 for growth.2014 福建同义异构：同义异构：affect,influence同义异构：同义异构：take part in/participate in involved adj 参与的；投入的：参与的；投入的：be/get involved(in/with):Whatever you do,dont be a bystander.Get involved.2016 四川Children can get a lot out of being involved in volunteer work.Fathers are encouraged to be more involved with their children.involvement n U 参与参与 【词汇拓展词汇拓展】同义词：同义词：participationinvolve 语义网络图语义网络图包含包含需要需要“使卷入使卷入”因而包含因而包含涉及；影响涉及；影响“使使（人）卷入（人）卷入”某某项活动项活动使参加使参加“使卷入使卷入”因而是必因而是必要组成部分要组成部分“使卷入使卷入”因而与之因而与之有关联有关联involve 使卷入使卷入谢谢谢谢观观赏赏
