1、CHAPTER 9ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN&LEARNINGOrganizational Design&LearningOrganizational StructureOrganizationalOrganiza-tional learning people documents competition Environments Computer networkspublished informationReactions to DeclineDown sizingCore businessMergersAlliancesDifferent cultural responses
2、TextA Cos environments includeIts publics,suppliers,and distribution channelsINTRODUCTION(Continued)The Firm and Its PublicsGovernment PublicCitizen-Action PublicMedia PublicFinancial PublicGeneral PublicLocal PublicThe FirmReading 1#Building a Core Competence(continued)the implication of building a
3、 core competence;ways to build a core competence;ways of determining a core competence;whether it helps a company get into a wide variety of markets;whether it adds something important to the final product;should be difficult for competitors to imitate or copy;Core competenceProvide consumer benefit
4、s Not easy for competitors to imitate Leveraged widely to many products and markets.Core competenceThe Diversified Corporation有些公司的房子很好看，但地基不稳，一有大风就倒了有些公司的房子很好看，但地基不稳，一有大风就倒了.-马云马云READING#2Knowledge is Everybodys Businessfeatures of a knowledge-creating company:not a specialized activity;the job of
5、everyone;workers ideas become a part of the new information;upper management to coordinate the ideas.READING#2(CONTINUED)Benchmarking Unrelated businesses Senior Managers Middle Managers Workers R&D Past experience Sources of New Knowledge Sources of NewKnowledgeREADING#2(CONTINUED)vNow fill in the
6、blanks with the appropriate word.Try not to repeat the same word.Sometimes,the appropriate word may not be on the list:vlearning company settingcrucialvproductionmethodnew knowledge continuallycreategenerate operatevdistributedo researchinformationvlevelproduceREADING#2(CONTINUED)v If a company want
7、s to be competitive,it must continually v create new knowledge.This should happen at every level,v from the lowest to the highest.In other words,the productionv of new knowledge is everybodys business.Teams provide a goodvsetting for new ideas.They allow people to exchange v ideas freely.Once new kn
8、owledge is created,it is crucial to vdistribute it to the rest of the company.READING#2(CONTINUED)vSpreading new knowledge is one of the roles of upper management.vNew knowledge is generated in many ways.Traditionally,a vcompany has an R&D department that does research.But there are vmany other sour
9、ces and many kinds of knowledge.These include new vproducts and new methodsof producing them.In the future,every vsuccessful company will be a learning company.Its chief business will be producing new knowledge.vKEY TO EXERCISESIntro.EXERCISE#2.What kinds of raw materials would you need to manufactu
10、re thefollowing products?Furniture:wood,metal,leather,plastic,glass Office equipment:wood,metal,leather,plastic,glass Cars and trucks:metal,rubber,glass,leather,glassCompany Core Competence Products Hondaelectronics maps-nav.systems,engine maintenance Toyotaelectronic displaysystems maps-nav.systems
11、,engine maintenanceCasioelectronicscalculators,monitors,Miniature TVs,car dashboards Canonoptics copiers,cameras,image scanners As you read,look for this information and fill in the blank boxes:EXERCISEEXERCISEEXERCISES TO READING#1EXERCISES TO READING#2Knowledge is Everybodys Business vIf a company
12、 wants to be competitive,it must continually vcreate new knowledge.This should happen at every level,vfrom the lowest to the highest.In other words,the productionvof new knowledge is everybodys business.Teams provide a goodvsetting for new ideas.EXERCISES TO READING#2Knowledge is Everybodys Business
13、vThey allow people to exchange videas freely.Once new knowledge iscreated,it is crucial to vdistribute it to the rest of the company.Spreading new knowledge is one of the roles of upper management.vNew knowledge is generated in many ways.EXERCISES TO READING#2Knowledge is Everybodys BusinessvTraditi
14、onally,a company has an R&D department that does research.But there are vmany other sources and many kinds of knowledge.These include new vproducts and new methodsof producing them.In the future,every vsuccessful company will be a learning company.Its chief businessvwill be producing new knowledge.E
15、XERCISES TO READING#2Knowledge is Everybodys BusinessvTraditionally,a company has an R&D department that does research.But there are vmany other sources and many kinds of knowledge.These include new vproducts and new methodsof producing them.In the future,every vsuccessful company will be a learning
16、 company.Its chief businessvwill be producing new knowledge.WORDS&MEANINGS v Classifying.Which topics do these words belong to?Put the word in the correct category:benchmarkingbest practices customer transportationfailuresmediapublicsretailerstoragebankssupplierswholesaler Normal Environments of Dis
17、tribution Channel a company New Ideas storage media customers transportation banks benchmarking retailer suppliers best practices wholesaler failures WORD STUDY vPut the right form of the word in the correct space:v1.relate(v),relationship(n),related(v,adj)vThere are many relatedfactors that affect
18、the development of an economy.Some of these relationships are obvious,such as the relationship between productivity and peoples health.In the same way,there are many factors that motivate workers on the job.WORD STUDYvOne of these is how well an employee relatesto his boss.vThe boss-employee relatio
19、nship is the most important element in a workers satisfaction;even more than pay and other extrinsic factors.WORD STUDYv 2.employ(v),employment(n),employer(n),employe(n)v Another word for a boss is an employer.Another word for a worker is an employee.Another word for work is employment.v When a comp
20、any employs a worker,it gives him a salary and other benefits.In return,an employee tries to do a good job for the employer .v Until recently,most companies in Japan gave their employees lifetime employment.However,with their current economic problems,they no longer have such guarantees.In contrast,
21、employees in the US expect to change jobs several times during their lifetime.WORD STUDYv3.interview(v,n),interviewer(n),interviewe(n)vWhen a person applies for a job,he usually has a job interview.The interview is usually conducted by a manager of the department that vthe interviewee is applying to
22、.Or it may be done by somebody from the Human Resources Department.Either way,the interviewer normally asks the interviewee (the applicant)a series of standard questions about his life,his goals,why he wants to work for the company,etc.WORD STUDYvWhen you are going for a job interview,it is importan
23、t vto prepare your answers beforehand.You should also prepare a series of questions to ask the interviewer.These questions should show that you are interested and that you know something about the company and its problems.WORD STUDYv 4.an effect(n.),to effect,to affect,to be affectedv Remember:v 1.a
24、n effect=a resultv 2.to effect=to causev 3.to affect=to have an effect(on)v Many factors affect the modern corporation.These factors include new technologies and new ways of doing business.For example,what effect will v e-commerce have on peoples buying habits?Will multinationals effect major change
25、s in local industries?Almost all aspects of business will be_ affected by computer technology.We do not always understand the effects_ of these changes.But we know that they will affect our businesses and our lives.WORD STUDYWords that Go Together.v As we have seen,certain words appear with other wo
26、rds.Decide which words go with the following words.Choose them from the list below.v Waste conduct deal withlose findv take meet solverejectv do spend makev 1.What do people do with time?They waste,take,spend time.v 2.What do people do with a problem?They solve,deal with a problem.v 3.What do people
27、 do with business?They conduct,do business.v 4.What do people do with demands?They make,reject demands.v 5.What do people do with an interest?They take an interest in something.WORD STUDY ACRONYMS v a.a major influence in global business todayv b.one of the major international economic blocs,vorgani
28、zed on the basis of a single productv c.the major international political and culturalv organization v d.a special form of trainingv e.the name of a new small specific economic v blocv f.the value of goods and services produced by a country in a certain period of time(e.g.,one year)v g.a management
29、policy that emphasizes continualvimprovement of products and processesv h.the major Western cultural and economic bloc WORD STUDY ACRONYMSv EG:UN c United Nations v 1.MNC a multinational corporationv 2.OPEC b Organization of Petroleum v Exporting Countriesv 3.TQM g total quality managementv 4.OJT d on the job trainingv 5.GNP f gross national productv 6.SADC e Southern African Development v Community v 7.EU h European Union
