1、UNIT 4Breaking boundariesUsing language It as an empty subjectLook at the sentences and answer the questions.Sentences(a)and(c)are from the reading passage.1What does“it”refer to in sentences(a)and(c)?aBut it is vital not to take any chances.bBut not to take any chances is vital.cIt is important to
2、remember that Ebola doesnt respect national boundaries.dTo remember that Ebola doesnt respect national boundaries is important.“It”refers to“not to take any chances”in sentence(a)and“to remember that Ebola doesnt respect national boundaries”in sentence(c).It as an empty subjectLook at the sentences
3、and answer the questions.Sentences(a)and(c)are from the reading passage.2What is the difference between the sentences in each group?Why does the author choose to use sentences(a)and(c)instead of(b)and(d)?aBut it is vital not to take any chances.bBut not to take any chances is vital.cIt is important
4、to remember that Ebola doesnt respect national boundaries.dTo remember that Ebola doesnt respect national boundaries is important.The first sentences in each group use“it”as an empty subject at the beginning of the sentences.The reason why sentences(a)and(c)are chosen is that the sentences are kept
5、balanced and the key information of the sentences is emphasised.Rewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty subject.According to the“2017 Hollywood Diversity Report”,to get roles in American film and television is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities.This is another small but
6、important advance against gender and racial discrimination.The report analysed 200 films released in 2015 and 1,206 TV shows from 2014 to 2015,and discovered that to become a leading actor in Hollywood is now a more realistic hope for minority actors.In more good news,to write and direct Hollywood f
7、ilms is more common than before for women.The bad news is that there is still a long way to go.Leading roles are more likely to be given to white actors.Asian American actors,in particular,still face problems.Even now,to cast white actors as Asian characters is seen as acceptable by film studios.But
8、 at least the report shows that things are moving slowly in the right direction.it is no longer quite so difficult for women and minorities to get roles in American film and televisionit is now a more realistic hope for minority actors to become a leading actor in Hollywoodit is more common than bef
9、ore for women to write and direct Hollywood filmsit is seen as acceptable by film studios to cast white actors as Asian charactersDescribe the city using the information provided and it as an empty subject.Beijingnot a surprising thing/students see different skin colours in the same classpossible/pe
10、ople hear many different languages and dialectseasy/people find products from all over the worldnot difficult/foreigners settle down and find a joba common thing/people from different countries work in the same companyBeijing today is multicultural.It is not a surprising thing for students to seeBei
11、jing today is multicultural.It is not a surprising thing for students to see different skin colours in the same class.It is possible for people to hear many different languages and dialects.It is easy for people to find products from all over the world.It is not difficult for foreigners to settle do
12、wn and find a job.It is a common thing for people from different countries to work in the same company.Describe one of the cities using it as an empty subject where appropriate.Do online research if necessary.Toronto Shanghai London Sydneyit 作形式主语作形式主语it 常代替由不定式短语、动名词短语或从句表示的真正主语，作形式主语，而将真正的主语移至句子的后
13、面。1 代替不定式短语作形式主语常用于以下句式：(1)It is+adj.+to do sth.It is impossible to get there by boat.坐船不可能到那里。(2)It is+adj.+for sb./of sb.+to do sth.It is kind of you to help me out.你帮助我摆脱了困境，真是太好了。(3)It is+n.+to do sth.It is our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。2 代替动名词（短语）作形式主语常用于以下句式：Its no use/no good
14、/no fun/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/是浪费时间。It is no use giving him some advice.给他提建议没有用。3 代替从句作形式主语常用于以下句式：(1)It is+adj.+从句It is necessary that the work should be done well.这项工作必须做好。(2)It is+n.+从句It is a pity that I didnt think of it earlier.我没有早点儿这么想，真是遗憾。(3)It is said/reported/believ
15、ed/hoped/suggested that.据说/据报道/人们相信/人们希望/有人建It is said that she lived to be over 100.据说她活了100 多岁。(4)It happened that.碰巧It happened that the tickets were sold out.碰巧票都卖光了。(5)It turns out that.结果是It turns out that the situation is quite serious.结果情况很严峻。(6)It occurred to sb.that.某人突然想起It occurred to he
16、r that she might adopt a child.她突然想到她可以收养一个孩子。完成句子完成句子(1)对我来说，找到一个可以向他学习的当地人真是太好了。a native speaker to learn from.(2)的确，智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演重要的角色。the smartphone plays an important role in our daily life.(3)试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和谈才是唯一的办法。to solve the problem by force;peace talks are the only solution.(4)遵守规则以保持社会秩
17、序是每个人的责任。the rules to keep the society in order.It is great for me to findIt is everyones duty/responsibility to obeyIt is true thatIt is no use trying单句语法填空单句语法填空(5)It is no use（talk）to them.(6)I have learnt what a big responsibility it is（educate）us.(7)I know is important to know my own limitation
18、s.(8)词汇复现 It（know）to us that he is one of the most famous specialists in thisfield.(9)It never occurred to me you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.is knowntalkingto educateitthatThe global villageRead the passage and answer the questions.Pay attention to the expressions in bold.Now
19、adays,people all over the world are becoming more and more connected,as if the world were getting smalleras if we were living in a“global village”.Technology is largely responsible for bringing people together.Channels of communication,such as the mobile phone and the Internet,have made it possible
20、to speak instantly with someone on the other side of the planet,enabling us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures.The television,meanwhile,is a window on the world,giving us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyles.Cultural exchange helps us to be more
21、inclusive and to overcome culture shock.But inclusiveness doesnt mean that our cultures will merge into one another.Rather,its about countries and people making a joint effort to come together to create a more harmonious and understanding world,so that we can all enjoy the mutual benefits.The global
22、 villageRead the passage and answer the questions.Pay attention to the expressions in bold.1What phenomenon does the passage describe?2What effect does technology have on cultural exchange?It describes the phenomenon of the“global village”as related to the promotion of technological and cultural exc
23、hange.Technology enables us to form close connections with people of completely different cultures and gives us quick and easy access to other cultures and lifestyles.Complete the letter with the correct form of the expressions.Dear Editor,Your article about living in a global village really struck
24、a chord with me because Ive just returned from a teaching project in Cambodia and Thailand.I had been worried about the 1_,but fortunately the other volunteers and local teachers were really welcoming.We were able to 2_ each other as well as our students.Throughout,we made 3_ to make our classes a s
25、uccess,so that we could all enjoy the 4_ of working well together.It was rewarding to see how our work helped 5_ from different cultures.Before I went,TV and the Internet were my 6_,but being there in person was even better.I think the experience has taught me to 7_ and I cant wait to do it all over
26、 again.Paul bringing people togetherchannels of communicationform close connections withwindow on the worldbe more inclusiveculture shocka joint effortmutual benefitsculture shockform close connections witha joint effortmutual benefitsbring people togetherwindow on the worldbe more inclusiveListen t
27、o the conversation and choose the main idea.1More and more foreign words and expressions are entering the English language,especially those about food.2Chinese food is popular in the UK,and many Chinese words and expressions are entering English dictionaries as a result.3Intercultural communication
28、is increasing,and people all over the world have a better understanding of each other.4World sports are bringing people together in the same way that food is.Listen again and complete the table.PhenomenaExamplesMore and more 1_ into dictionaries these days.From Devon:grockleFrom Chinese:wok,chow mei
29、n,2_ and chop sueyBesides words,changes also happen to 3_.In a large Asian supermarket,there are 4_ from Asia.There are 5_ in the male speakers city,such as 6_.Many European people can 7_.Sports also play an important role in 8_.It is not a surprise to see 9_ while watching the UEFA Champions League
30、 live and not unusual to find people enjoying 10_ _ on the other side of the world.regional words are making itwontonthe food we now find in shops and restaurantsall kinds of foodsa lot of other restaurantsItalian，French and Japanese restaurantsuse chopsticksconnecting peoplepeople in Britain eating
31、 Chinese foodpizza while watching the same gameComplete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.Really?Thats interesting.Is it really?It is really amazing.I also find it interesting to see.No wonder it isnt a surprise to see.It is not unusual to find.Showing interestDescribing a common
32、phenomenon Really?Thats interesting.Is it really?It is really amazing.I also find it interesting to see.No wonder it isnt a surprise to see.It is not unusual to find.Work in pairs.Talk about another phenomenon of the global village using the expressions in this section.Language points核心词汇核心词汇教材原句p.4
33、1.to become a leading actor in Hollywood is now a more realistic hope for minority actors.如今，对于少数族裔演员来说，成为好莱坞主角的愿望更容易实现了。1 minority n.少数派；少数；少数民族a minority of 少数be in a/the minority 占少数Only a minority of students is/are interested in politics.只有少数学生对政治感兴趣。Women are in the minority in the top ranks o
34、f government.在政府的高级职位中，女性占少数。minority languages 少数民族语言【单词积累单词积累】（1）minor adj.较小的，次要的 minority n.少数派；少数（2）major adj.大的，重要的 majority n.大多数in a/the majority 占大多数 the majority of 大多数题组练领悟方法搭配搭配完成句子完成句子(1)Most of the people turned their back to him.Only （少数人）gave him a hand.(2)An agreement seems to be im
35、possible because （大多数）the committee members are against it.(3)In the nursing profession，women （占大多数）.单句语法填空单句语法填空(4)词汇复现To our disappointment，only a minority of people（be）in favour of our plan.a minority of peopleis/arethe majority ofare in a/the majority教材原句p.41 Asian American actors，in particular，
36、still face problems.特别是亚裔美籍的演员，仍然面临问题。2 in particular 尤其，特别I remember one of them in particular.我尤其记得他们中的一个人。Are you doing anything in particular tonight?你今晚有什么特别的事要做吗？【学法点拨学法点拨】in particular 相当于 particularly，但两者位置不同：in particular 要放在被修饰词之后，而particularly 要放在被修饰词之前。We are hoping to expand our busines
37、s，particularly in Europe.我们希望扩大业务，尤其是在欧洲。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】be particular about 对讲究/挑剔She is very particular about her clothes.她对衣着特别挑剔完成句子完成句子(1)I wish to thank，（特别），all the people who have made this exhibition possible.(2)There are so many books here.Why do you （特别喜欢那一本）?(3)I （并不是特别想去），but I had to.(4)She
38、has already tried her best.Please dont （对过分挑剔）her job.like that one in particularin particulardidnt particularly want to gobe too particular about教材原句p.41 Even now，to cast white actors as Asian characters is seen as acceptable by film studios.即使是现在，由白人演员扮演亚洲角色也被电影制片厂所接受。3 cast（cast，cast）v.选派（角色）；投，抛
39、，扔cast sb.as sth.选某人扮演某个角色cast light on sth.使了解某事；阐明某事cast doubt on sth.使怀疑某事cast a shadow/cloud over sth.给某事蒙上阴影Steven Spielberg cast her as the young Wendy in Hook.史蒂文斯皮尔伯格选她扮演影片铁钩船长中年轻的温迪一角。Recent research has cast new light on the causes of the disease.最近的研究可以使人进一步了解导致这种疾病的原因。Her fathers illness
40、 cast a shadow over the birth of her baby.她父亲的病给她孩子的出生蒙上了一层阴影。搭配搭配完成句子完成句子(1)He has（选定她扮演一名律师）in his latest movie.(2)He（被选定扮演）a college professor.(3)The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has（使人们了解）why they became extinct.(4)词汇复现 This latest evidence has（使人们怀疑）his version ofevents.cast her as a lawy
41、erwas cast ascast light oncast doubt on教材原句p.42 It was rewarding to see how our work helped bring people together from different cultures.看到我们的工作如何帮助来自不同文化的人聚集在一起是很值得的。4 rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的，有益的He thought teaching was an occupation that could be rewarding.他认为教学是一种很有意义的职业。词汇复现Finishing a long run
42、is a very rewarding experience.完成一次长跑是一项非常有益的体验。【单词积累单词积累】reward v.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬n.奖励；回报；报酬reward sb.with sth.用某物奖励某人reward sb.for（doing）sth.因为（做）某事而奖励某人a reward for 对的回报/奖赏单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)The work is difficult，but its also very（reward）when people do well and get cured.(2)Theres nothing （rewarding）than putting smiles on the faces around you.(3)The company rewarded him a journey to China last year.(4)He gave the children some chocolate to reward them behaving well.rewardingmore rewardingwithforTHE END
