1、Hello!Everyone!Lets have a happy class!A clear conscience 问心无愧问心无愧Lesson 45I lost a I lost a large sum large sum of money.of money.What should we do when we lost money.Someone must have stolen my money.The lostlostandandfoundfoundFirst watch the video and then answer the question.看视频，然后回答以下问题。看视频，然后
2、回答以下问题。How did Sam get his money How did Sam get his money back?back?It was returned,little by little,by the villager who had found his wallet.New words and expressions New words and expressions 生词生词和短语和短语1.clear adj.1.clear adj.klikli adj.adj.晴朗的晴朗的,清澈的；无愧的清澈的；无愧的,清白的；清白的；清楚的清楚的,明白的；畅通的明白的；畅通的,无阻的无
3、阻的 adv.adv.清晰地清晰地,清楚地；完全清楚地；完全,一直一直 vi.vi.转晴转晴 vt.vt.扫除扫除,清除；清除；(从电脑中从电脑中)消除消除(数据数据)；证明证明无罪无罪;宣告宣告无罪无罪2.conscience n.2.conscience n.knns 良心，良心，道德心道德心 wallet n.wallet n.wlit 皮夹，钱夹皮夹，钱夹 savings n.savings n.sevz 存款存款 villager n.villager n.vilid村民村民 per cent per cent psent百分之百分之 Watch the video again an
4、d pay attention to the intonation and pronunciation.The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.Sam Benton,the local butcher,had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office.Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers,but it was
5、not returned to him.Three months passed,and then one morning,Sam found his wallet outside his front door.It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost,together with a note which said:A thief,yes,but only 50 per cent a thief!Two months later,some more money was sent
6、to Sam with another note:Only 25 per cent a thief now!In time,all Sams money was paid back in this way.The last note said:I am 100 per cent honest now!Ask and answer:1.What had been lost in the village.2.Who lost the money?3.Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers,b
7、ut was it returned to him?4.How long did the money begin to return back?5.How much money was contained in the newspaper?6.Was all the money returned back?被动语态被动语态一、什么是语态？一、什么是语态？语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。谓语动词之间的关系。二、语态的种类二、语态的种类：（1 1）主动语态）主动语态 （2 2）被动语态）被动语态三、被动语态的构成：三、被动
8、语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态）八种时态下的被动语态）am/is/are+done(过去分词过去分词)一般现在时一般现在时2)has/have been done 现在完成时现在完成时 3)am/is/are being done 现在进行时现在进行时 4)was/were done 一般过去时一般过去时 5)had been done 过去完成时过去完成时 Visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits.(展品）展品）All the preparations for the task have been completedA new cinema
9、 is being built hereI was given ten minutes to decide.By the end of last year,another new gym had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 过去进行时过去进行时 7)shall/will be done 一般将来时一般将来时 8）should/would be done 过去将来时过去将来时 被动语态的特殊结构形式被动语态的特殊结构形式 1）带情态动词的被动结构）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。过去分词。A
10、 meeting was being held when I was there.Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：
11、的时态。如：She often cleans the house.The house is often cleaned by her.2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）His mother gave him a present for his birthdayHe was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3)当当“动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其
12、余不动将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香烟）香烟）=The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词）在使役动词have,make,get以及以及感官动词感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时，要加等变为被动结构时，要加toSomeone saw a stranger walk into the building=A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5
13、)有些相当于及物动词的有些相当于及物动词的动词词组动词词组，如如“动词介词动词介词”，“动词副词动词副词”等，等，也可以用于被动结构，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday一、系动词一、系动词 taste,smell,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1这些花闻起来很香。这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。那食物
14、尝起来很可口。These flowers smell sweet.That sounds very reasonable.The food tastes delicious.二、某些与二、某些与 cant wont 等连用的不及物动等连用的不及物动词，如词，如move,lock,shut,open 等可用主动等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如：形式表达被动意义。如：1盒子不能移动。盒子不能移动。2门不会关。门不会关。The box cant move.The door wont shut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如的不及物动词，如 se
15、ll,write,wash,clean,last(耐久耐久),wear(耐穿耐穿),等可用主动形式表等可用主动形式表达被动意义达被动意义.如如:This kind of food sells well.这种食物畅销。这种食物畅销。This cloth washes well and lasts long.这布料经洗、耐穿。这布料经洗、耐穿。The floor doesnt clean easily.这地板不容易弄干净。这地板不容易弄干净。五、形容词五、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：动形式表示被动意义。如：1小说值得一读。小说值得一读。2事情值得
16、做。事情值得做。The novel is worth reading.The thing is worth doing.四、在动词四、在动词 require,need,want 等动词之等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1树需要浇水。树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。电视机需要修理。The trees need watering.Children want looking after.The TV needs mending.六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：不定式作定语与被修
17、饰的名词或代词构成不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如：动宾关系时，如：我有许多事情要做。我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。他有几项任务要完成。I have a lot of things to do.He has several tasks to complete.2.在在“系动词系动词+形容词形容词+不定式不定式”结构中，结构中，常见句型有：常见句型有：n.+be+too+adj.+to do The plane is too high to see.2)n.+be+adj.+enough+to do The book is cheap enough for me to
18、buy.3)n.+be+adj.+to do The question is not easy to answer.课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1.We plant trees in spring every year._ by us in spring every year.2.She posted the letter yesterday._ by her yesterday.3.Mr Turner gave me a birthday present._a birthday present by Mr Turner.4.He is drawing a picture._
19、by him.5.You may hand in your homework tomorrow._ by you tomorrow.6.She is going to write a letter._ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA picture is being drawnYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written7.I have given you the new book._ to you.8.Her bag cannot
20、be found by her._ her bag.9.Do you often hear her sing Russian songs?_Russian songs by you?10.She doesnt let her son swim in the river._ in the river by her.11.The bridge was being built by them at this time last year._ the bridge at this time last year.12.Does she often sing the song?_ by her?The n
21、ew book has been givenShe cannot findIs she often heard to singHer son isnt let to swimThey were buildingIs the song often sung整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。当地的屠整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。当地的屠户萨姆户萨姆.本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了。本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了。萨姆确信那钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了，可是却萨姆确信那钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了，可是却不见有人来送还给他。不见有人来送还给他。3 3个月过去了，后来在一天早个月过去了
22、，后来在一天早晨，萨姆在自己的大门外发现了他的钱包。钱包是晨，萨姆在自己的大门外发现了他的钱包。钱包是用报纸包着的，里面有他丢失的钱的一半，而且还用报纸包着的，里面有他丢失的钱的一半，而且还附着一张纸条，上面写着：附着一张纸条，上面写着：“一个小偷，是的，但一个小偷，是的，但只是一个只是一个50%50%的小偷！的小偷！”又过了两个月，又有一些钱又过了两个月，又有一些钱送还给了萨姆，又附了一张字条：送还给了萨姆，又附了一张字条：“这回只是这回只是25%25%的的小偷了！小偷了！”很快，萨姆全部的钱都用同样的方式还很快，萨姆全部的钱都用同样的方式还了回来。最后的那张字条上写道：了回来。最后的那张字
23、条上写道：“我现在是一个我现在是一个100%100%的诚实人了！的诚实人了！”Homework:1.Recite the new words and expressions 2.Do the exercises of lesson451A clear conscience,（标题）问心无愧。（标题）问心无愧。clear在这里的含义为在这里的含义为“清白清白的的”、“无罪的无罪的”，因此这个，因此这个短语又可译为短语又可译为“清白的良心清白的良心”，相当于相当于 a good conscience，反义词为反义词为 a bad conscience（感到内疚）。（感到内疚）。2The whole
24、 village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost.整个村整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。（1）village在这里为总称，指在这里为总称，指“村民村民”，the whole village指指“全村的人全村的人”，后面通常跟单，后面通常跟单数动词（有时也可视为复数）：数动词（有时也可视为复数）：The whole village excited by the news.这消息使全村的人兴奋。这消息使全村的人兴奋。（2）learn在句中的含义为在句中的含义为“获悉获悉”、“得得知知”：我刚刚
25、得知她病了。我刚刚得知她病了。wasIve just learnt that she was ill.3Sam Benton,the local butcher,had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office.当地的屠户萨姆当地的屠户萨姆本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了。了。taking为现在分词。与动名词相似，它也可以有自己为现在分词。与动名词相似，它也可以有自己的宾语、状语等。在连词的宾语、状语等。在连词while之后，现在分词短语的之后，现在分词短语的作用相当于一个时间状
26、语从句：作用相当于一个时间状语从句：while he was taking his savings to the post office。现在分词这。现在分词这样用的前提是两个动词的主语是同一个，并且这两个动样用的前提是两个动词的主语是同一个，并且这两个动作通常是同时发生的：作通常是同时发生的：他一边打扫房间一边听音乐。他一边打扫房间一边听音乐。如果是主语不一致则必须用从句：如果是主语不一致则必须用从句：我打扫房间时，他在听音乐。我打扫房间时，他在听音乐。He listened to music while cleaning the room.He listened to music whil
27、e I was cleaning the room.4Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers萨姆确信那钱包一定是被某个村民萨姆确信那钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了捡到了must用于对过去已发生的事进行推测时，用于对过去已发生的事进行推测时，后面的动词要用完成式：后面的动词要用完成式：When I arrived,he wasnt here.我到这儿的时候他已不在了。我到这儿的时候他已不在了。他一定早走了。他一定早走了。He must have left early.5it contained
28、 half the money he had lost,里面有他丢失的钱的一半。里面有他丢失的钱的一半。我们既可以说我们既可以说 half the money，也可，也可以说以说 half of the money，它们可以互，它们可以互相替代，但是相替代，但是money前都必须有前都必须有the，因为是指特定的钱。再如：因为是指特定的钱。再如：这面包有一半已变质了。这面包有一半已变质了。Half the bread/half of the bread was bad.6In time,all Sams money was paid back in this way.很快，萨姆全部的钱都用同样
29、的方式还了回来。很快，萨姆全部的钱都用同样的方式还了回来。（1）in time可以表示可以表示“经过一段时间经过一段时间”或或“最终最终”、“迟早迟早”：In time,he found all the books he needed.一段时间以后，他找到了他需要的所有书。一段时间以后，他找到了他需要的所有书。我最终总有一天会把一切都告诉你的。我最终总有一天会把一切都告诉你的。（2）in this way表示表示“用这样的方式用这样的方式”：You must pay attention to your spelling.In this way,you can become a good sec
30、retary in time.你必须注意你的拼写。这样你才能最终成为一个好秘书。你必须注意你的拼写。这样你才能最终成为一个好秘书。Ill tell you everything in time.2pay back（1）偿还：）偿还：All Sams money was paid back in this way.萨姆全部的钱都用这样的方式还了回来。萨姆全部的钱都用这样的方式还了回来。Yesterday Sam borrowed some money from me and said that he would pay me back in a week.昨天萨姆从我这里借了些钱，并说一周后还我
31、。昨天萨姆从我这里借了些钱，并说一周后还我。（2）报答；向）报答；向报复：报复：Youve been very kind to me.How can I pay you back?你对我太好了。我如何报答你呢？你对我太好了。我如何报答你呢？He embarrassed me at the party.Ill pay him back someday.在晚会上他让我难堪了。总有一天我会报复他的。在晚会上他让我难堪了。总有一天我会报复他的。steal与与robsteal指指“偷盗偷盗”、“窃取窃取”，其行为通常是偷偷地、悄，其行为通常是偷偷地、悄悄地、不为别人所发觉；悄地、不为别人所发觉；rob则
32、指则指“抢夺抢夺”、“抢劫抢劫”，其行为通常是明目张胆的：其行为通常是明目张胆的：The man who stole my wallet took my address book as well.偷走我钱包的那个人把我的通讯录也拿走了。偷走我钱包的那个人把我的通讯录也拿走了。I lost my address book when that man robbed me of my bag.当那人抢走我的包时，我的通讯录也没了。当那人抢走我的包时，我的通讯录也没了。Someone has stolen my bag from me.有人把我的包偷走了。有人把我的包偷走了。They took the risk of being arrested and robbed the bank.他们冒着被逮捕的危险抢劫了那家银行。他们冒着被逮捕的危险抢劫了那家银行。注意注意 steal和和 rob与介词的不同搭配：与介词的不同搭配：steal(sth.)from(sb./some place)，rob(sb.)of(sth.)。
