1、本章学习内容本章学习内容Chapter 4 Transmission Systems 传动系统传动系统 本章学习目标本章学习目标本章难点重点本章难点重点4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统 1.1.掌握混合动力的分类方法；掌握混合动力的分类方法；2.2.掌握典型混合动力驱动系统的结构、工作原理；掌握典型混合动力驱动系统的结构、工作原理；1.1.重点：混合动力系统原理、英文专业术语；重点：混合动力系统原理、英文专业术语；2.2.难
2、点：传动原理难点：传动原理本次课学习内容本次课学习内容Chapter 4 Transmission Systems 传动系统传动系统 本次课学习目标本次课学习目标本次课难点重点本次课难点重点4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统 4.2.1 BMW 6-speed parallel hybrid passenger car automatic gearbox 1.1.掌握混合动力的分类方法；掌握混合动力的分类方法；2.2.掌握掌握
3、BMWBMW并联式混合动力自动变速器的结构、工作并联式混合动力自动变速器的结构、工作原理；原理；1.1.重点：混合动力系统原理、英文专业术语；重点：混合动力系统原理、英文专业术语；2.2.难点：难点：并联式混合动力并联式混合动力传动原理传动原理New Words and Phrases4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类hybridization?habrdazenn.杂交，杂种培植，配种杂交，杂种培植，配种;杂化杂化mandatorymndtriadj.强制的强制的movermu:v(r)n.原动机，发动机原动机，发动机niche
4、ntn.壁龛，合适的位置，有利可图的壁龛，合适的位置，有利可图的缺口，商机缺口，商机at least至少至少CE内燃机内燃机fuel economy燃油经济性燃油经济性full hybrid重度混合动力重度混合动力hybrid drive混合动力，混合驱动装置混合动力，混合驱动装置hybridization factor混合度混合度in conjunction with与与一起一起market niche市场定位，商机市场定位，商机4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类medium hybrid中度混合动力中度混合动力micro hy
5、brid微混合动力微混合动力mild hybrid轻度混合动力轻度混合动力on its own靠自己靠自己parallel hybrid并联式混合动力并联式混合动力power-split hybrid 功率分流式混合动力，混联式混合动力功率分流式混合动力，混联式混合动力prime mover原动机，原动力，发动机原动机，原动力，发动机serial hybrid串联式混合动力串联式混合动力series-parallel hybrid混联式混合动力，功率分流式混合动力混联式混合动力，功率分流式混合动力strong hybrid重度混合动力，强混合动力重度混合动力，强混合动力4.1 Classifi
6、cation of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类Text4.1.1 Categorize According to the layout of the prime 4.1.1 Categorize According to the layout of the prime moversmovers Hybrid drives are drives that have at least two different prime movers and energy accumulators.According to the layout of the prime movers
7、,hybrid drives can be divided into serial hybrid,parallel hybrid and power-split hybrid(also called series-parallel hybrid)drive as follows.4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类Serial hybrid drive(Figure 4.1):-no mechanical coupling of com
8、bustion engine and wheels,-mechanical gearbox not mandatory,-a combustion engine,in conjunction with a generator,functions solely as a electricity producer,-two high-performance electric machines(generator+generator/electric motor).Figure 4.1 serial hybrid drive 4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合
9、动力的分类混合动力的分类Parallel hybrid drive(Figure 4.2):-both drives can be combined,-mechanical gearbox required,-only one electric machine is necessary.4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类Figure 4.2 parallel hybrid drive 4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类Power-split hybrid drive(
10、Figure 4.3):-splitting of the combustion engine power output into mechanical and electric paths,-summarising gear(planetary gear sets)required for the splitting and joining of the mechanical and electric power-paths,-at least two high-performance electric machines are needed.4.1 Classification of Hy
11、brid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类Figure 4.3 power-split hybrid drive4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类4.1.2 Categorize by their levels of hybridization4.1.2 Categorize by their levels of hybridizationPHEV models can also be categorized by their levels of hybridization.Hybridization factor(HF)
12、is a metric used for this purpose and represents the relative value of the power of the electric motor to the total power of the vehicle.Therefore,it can be computed according to4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类Therefore,it can be comp
13、uted according towhere,PEM represents the peak power of the electric motor and PICE is the peak power of the internal combustion engine.For a conventional ICEV we have HF=0,while the HF of a BEV is 1,and the hybridization factor of PHEVs ranges between zero and one.There are different levels of hybr
14、idization among hybrids on the market.Different vehicle manufacturers use various hybrid technologies.Mild hybrid.A mild hybrid,also called a micro-hybrid,usually uses a 42-volt electrical motor and battery package(36-volt batteries,42-volt charging)and is not capable of using the electric motor to
15、propel the vehicle on its own without help from the internal combustion engine.A mild hybrid system has the advantage of costing less,and saves less fuel compared to a full hybrid vehicle and.The fuel savings for a mild type of hybrid design is about 8%to 15%.4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的
16、分类混合动力的分类Medium hybrid.A medium hybrid uses 144-to 158-volt batteries.Like a mild hybrid,a typical medium hybrid is not capable of propelling the vehicle from a stop using battery power alone.The fuel savings are about 20%to 25%for medium hybrid systems.Examples of a medium hybrid include Honda Acco
17、rd,Insight and Civic.4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类Full hybrid.A full hybrid,also called a strong hybrid,is able to propel the vehicle using the electric motor(s)alone.Each vehicle manufacturer has made its decision on which hybrid type to implement based on its assessment of the
18、market niche for a particular model.The fuel economy savings are about 30%to 50%for full hybrid systems.Examples of a full or strong hybrid include the Ford Escape SUV,Toyota Prius and Highlander,Lexus RX400h and GS450h.4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive
19、乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统New Words and Phrasesadd-ondnn.附加物；附加物；adj.附加的附加的CE内燃机内燃机coastingkstn.滑行滑行comprisekmprazvt.包括，由包括，由组成组成decelerate?di:selretvt.&vi.（使）减速（使）减速differential?dfrenln.差速器差速器downhill?danhladv.向山下向山下4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统dragdrgvt.拖拽，吃力地往前拉；拖拽，吃力地往前拉；n.拖，
20、拉，阻力拖，拉，阻力exploit kspltvt.开采，利用开采，利用implementmplmentvt.实施，执行，实现实施，执行，实现kineticknetkadj.运动的运动的manoeuvring mnu:vrn.机动，调遣机动，调遣mountmantvt.安装安装overlay?vlev.叠加叠加4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统phasefezn.阶段；相阶段；相recuperate rku:pretvi.再生，回收，复得再生，回收，复得situation?stuenn.情况情况starter st:t(r
21、)n.起动机起动机 stop-and-go不断走走停停的不断走走停停的temporarilytemprerl adv.暂时地，临时地暂时地，临时地transaxletrnsksln.变速驱动桥变速驱动桥uncouple?nkplvt.解开，分开解开，分开4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统all-wheel drive全轮驱动全轮驱动along with与同与同一起一起as e.g.如如automatic transmission自动变速器自动变速器back up（使）倒车，倒退（使）倒车，倒退bell-shaped hou
22、sing钟形壳钟形壳charge state荷电状态荷电状态continuously variable transmission机械式无级变速器机械式无级变速器drag torque反拖力矩反拖力矩4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统driving downhill下坡下坡dual mass flywheel双质量飞轮双质量飞轮energy storage储能（装置）储能（装置）front-wheel drive前轮驱动前轮驱动gear unit齿轮机构齿轮机构given the fact that鉴于鉴于hybrid mo
23、dule混合动力模块混合动力模块In comparison to与与相比相比input shaft输入轴输入轴4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统Integrated Motor Assist(IMA)集成化电机辅助集成化电机辅助intelligent power unit(IPU)智能动力单元智能动力单元kinetic energy动能动能motor drive module(MDM)电动机驱动模块电动机驱动模块moving-off element移离元件，起步元件移离元件，起步元件multi-plate clutch多片
24、离合器多片离合器on the part of 由由表现出来的，由表现出来的，由所作出的所作出的overlaywith将将与与叠加叠加planet carrier行星架行星架4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统planetary gear set行星齿轮机构行星齿轮机构power supply供电，电源供电，电源spider shaft行星齿轮轴行星齿轮轴summarising gear合成机构合成机构take over接管接管torque converter液力变矩器液力变矩器transmission system传动系统传
25、动系统water jacket水套水套4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统4.2.1 BMW 6-speed parallel hybrid passenger car 4.2.1 BMW 6-speed parallel hybrid passenger car automatic gearboxautomatic gearbox Operation The BMW parallel hybrid described in the following as an example(Figure 4.4)is a full h
26、ybrid.The basic gear unit in the transmission system is a ZF 6-speed automatic transmission.The“add-on”hybrid module,consisting of an electric machine EM with the two clutches C1 and C2,replaces the torque converter and also takes over its function as moving-off element.By being mounted on the gear
27、input shaft,the electric machine can take over the drive or generator functions with varying power and torque requirements.4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统Figure 4.4 6-speed passenger car hybrid automatic transmission as a parallel hybrid with one electric machine(BMW,ZF)4.2 Pas
28、senger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统 The hybrid functions are implemented in the different operational states represented in Figure 4.5.The directions of the arrows always indicate the direction of the power flow.a/Cold start of the CE through the electric machine via clutch C1(the engine
29、starter may thus be omitted).4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统 b/The vehicle is stationary,the CE runs and loads the electric energy storage unit(electrochemical battery or double-layer capacitors)with the electric machine operated as generator via the closed clutch Cl.4.2 Passen
30、ger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统Figure 4.5 Power flow in different operational states4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统c/If the charge state of the energy storage permits it,the CE can be turned off in stationary phases during stop-and-go traffic or at traffic lights(en
31、gine start/stop).The on-board power supply is taken over during these phases by the energy storage.4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统d/Electric moving-off or manoeuvring(CE is off,clutch Cl is open)4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统e/Starting up the CE at higher
32、 driving speeds or given a higher performance demand on the part of the driver via the slipping clutch C1.4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统f/When the CE has been synchronized,the slip at the clutch C1 is reduced and the CE takes over the drive power.In this operational state,the
33、electric machine can temporarily overlay its torque with that of the engine,as e.g.when boosting or when compensating for the torque of the omitted torque increase of the torque converter.4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统g/In coasting situations,e.g.driving downhill,the coasting
34、torque can be produced by the generator operation of the electric machine.The coasting energy is thus converted into electric energy and temporarily stored in the energy storage.With a higher level of power,electric energy can be recuperated when braking.4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车
35、混合动力传动系统h/The efficiency of the conversion of kinetic energy into electric energy in coasting situations or when braking can be increased given the fact that,in these operational states,the CE along with its drag torque can be uncoupled and switched off due to the opening of the clutch C1 and thus d
36、oesnt have to be additionally dragged*1.*1 The efficiency of the conversion of kinetic energy into electric energy in coasting situations or when braking can be increased given the fact that,in these operational states,the CE along with its drag torque can be uncoupled and switched off due to the op
37、ening of the clutch C1 and thus doesnt have to be additionally dragged.句子分析：句子分析：主句的谓语是主句的谓语是can be increased。Given the fact意为鉴于意为鉴于，是一个分词短语。后面的，是一个分词短语。后面的that是一个同位语从句，是一个同位语从句，先行词为先行词为fact，说明原因。本句可译为：，说明原因。本句可译为：参考译文：参考译文：在滑行情况下或制动时，动能转换为电能的效率可在滑行情况下或制动时，动能转换为电能的效率可以提高，因为在这些操作状态下，离合器以提高，因为在这些操作状态下
38、，离合器C1的分离可使内燃机的分离可使内燃机CE与与反拖力矩不耦合而熄火关闭，因此不需要额外拖动而消耗动能。反拖力矩不耦合而熄火关闭，因此不需要额外拖动而消耗动能。疑难句子分析ConstructionIn comparison to conventional torque converter transmissions,here the torque converter is replaced in its function as moving-off element by the permanent magnet three-phase synchronous motor(PSM),comp
39、rising a stator 1 and a rotor 2，as shown in Figure 4.4.The motor is integrated together with the two wet-running multi-plate clutches C1 3 and C2 4 as a hybrid module into the bell-shaped housing,requiring no additional installation space.The separating clutch C1 and the master clutch C2 are engaged
40、 and oil-cooled by means of the hydraulic transmission control unit.4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统Figure 4.6 BMW parallel hybrid 6-speed passenger car automatic gearbox1 EM stator;2 EM rotor;3 multi-plate clutch C1;4 multi-p
41、late clutch C2;5 dual mass flywheel4.1 Classification of Hybrid Drive 混合动力的分类混合动力的分类 According to the layout of the prime movers,hybrid drives can be divided into serial hybrid parallel hybrid power-split hybrid(also called series-parallel hybrid)Categorize by their levels of hybridization mild hybr
42、id.medium hybrid.Full hybrid.4.2 Passenger Car Hybrid Drive 乘用车混合动力传动系统乘用车混合动力传动系统 BMW parallel hybrid automatic gearbox 小小 结结作业作业o How to classify hybrids?What are the categories?混合动力怎样分类？分为哪几类混合动力怎样分类？分为哪几类？o Briefly describe the working principle of BMW parallel hybrid.简述简述BMW并联式混合动力并联式混合动力的工作原理的工作原理。
