1、2021/7/261(最新整理)短暂性动词于延续性动词在现在完成时中的应用2021/7/2622021/7/263 2021/7/2642021/7/2652021/7/266常见的几个短暂性动词.begin(start),leave,go,borrow,come,return.join,die,buy,arrive.marry,become。2021/7/267短暂性动词的用法1.短暂性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2021/
2、7/2682.短暂性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此,不可与for或 since等表示一段时间的状语连用。(只限于肯定式)如：(1)他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.2021/7/2693.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：He hasnt left here since
3、 1986.I havent heard from my father for two weeks.2021/7/2610延续性动词的用法1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。表示“段时间”的短语有：for two years,during the past three years,since last year,how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2021/7/26112.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时间”状语连用。如：It rained at eight
4、 yesterday morning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“点时间”，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin,get等终止性动词来表示。2021/7/2612以下几种 情况不能用短暂性动词，要用延续性动词1.for+一段时间2.since+过去时间点3.since+一般过去时从句4.since+一段时间+ago5.how long have/has？在以上结构中，不能用have/has+短暂性动词的过去分词。2021/7/2613l在现在完成时中，短暂性动词如果要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,需把短暂性动词改为相应的表示延续意
5、义的动词或词组才可以.2021/7/2614常见的短暂性动词变延续性动词:Begin(start)be on leave be awayGo be there borrow(lend)keepCome be here return be back join be a member of(be in+组织点)die be dead buy have become bearrive in/at(reach,get to)be here/staymarry be married open be opened 2021/7/2615例如：1.My pet has died for two days.(
6、误)die为短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间的状语连用，这里要把die转化为延续性动词。即die be dead，则 My pet has been dead for two days.（正）2021/7/26162.She has borrowed the VCD since three weeks ago.(误)borrow为短暂性动词，不能与since+一段时间+ago的状语连用，这里要把borrow转化为延续性动词.即borrow keep，则 She has kept the VCD since three weeks ago.（正）2021/7/26173.He has left
7、 his hometown since 1986.（误）leave为短暂性动词，不能与since+过去时间点的状语连用，这里要把leave转化为延续性动词.He has been away from his hometown since 1986.(正)2021/7/2618练习:vDo you know Huang Ting well?yes,she and I _ friends since we met in Wuhan last summer.A.have made B.were C.have been D.had comevMr.Green _Beijing since three
8、years ago.A.has come to B.went C.had lived in D.has been invHe _our school for two weeks.A.left B.has left C.has been awayvShe _the dictionary for about twenty years.A.has bought B.has borrowed C.has hadvHow long can I _ the book?Two weeks.A.borrow B.lend C.get D.keep2021/7/2619练习:6.I _ the League f
9、or 5 years so far.A.joined B.have joined C.have been in7.The factory _ since the February of 1988.A.has been opened B.has opened C.was open D.opened8.We _since we came here.A.have been married B.have married C.married D.has married9.He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A.slept B.was sleeping C.has sleep D.had slept10.He _ in Beijing since 2000.A.arrived B.has arrived C.have arrived D.has stayed2021/7/26202021/7/2621
