1、最新造纸涂布技术基本原理基本原理n所有的涂布机都具有两种功能:nApplication 上料装置nmetering 计量装置nApplication consists of applying more material than is needed in the final product 上料是指将过量的涂料涂到纸张表面nMetering methods remove the excess in a way which leaves the desired coating quality at the desired production rate计量是指将过量的涂料从纸层移除,达到需要的涂
2、布量1、典型的涂层厚度为5-20微米2、典型的单面涂布量5-20克/平方米涂布纸的分类nLightweight coated:5-10 g/m2 per siden Single-coated,medium weight 8-16 g/m2 per siden Double-coated 14-26 g/m 2 per siden Triplecoated 24-40 g/m 2 per side.n固含量要高,以达到节省能量的目的n印刷纸典型的固含量50-70%n某些功能性的颜料涂布纸固含量10-30%n随着纸机车速的提高,防止涂层里面出现空气是非常关键的目前涂布技术的发展n上料装置保证纸张
3、上每个点被涂料覆盖n计量装置精确对纸张进行涂布涂布上料和计量分类上料系统上料装置应该具备的特征n使涂料盘外形与上涂辊一致,消除死角,浆系统内的涂料降低到最低限度n用水冷壁冷却表面促使结露水,以防止溢出物与喷溅物结垢硬化,从而方便清洗n支持刮刀架的横梁要有较大的截面以防止下弯,用水循环控制温度n有一组空气管操纵的夹紧装置辊式涂布 APLICATION ROLL n使用于大多数纸张涂布n从车速小于500米/分钟1500米/分钟都能适应组成-上涂辊 背辊 涂料盘和刮刀片n由两个不同直径的辊子组成,辊子表面被橡胶覆盖,均是主动n背辊(BACK ROLL)直径大,速度=纸机车速n上涂辊(APPLICAT
4、OR ROLL)直径是背辊的30-40%,速度是纸机速度的15-25%n典型的辊间距离是0.5-1.5mmn两辊之间的距离n上料辊的速度n涂料的粘度关键参数涂布过程的三个阶段1、上料阶段-涂料和纸张接触2、驻留阶段-上料至计量之间3、计量阶段-有刮刀、棒式和气刀计量n在接触阶段2-5ms,压区内的涂料承受了压力脉冲,最大压力在05-4BARS,主要依靠于车速、压区宽度和涂料粘度n由于压力存在,涂料滤饼开始形成;涂料中的液体渗透到纸张内部n当上料辊与纸张分离后,压力下降;压力甚至低于大气压,形成气穴n驻留期大约持续20-50ms,依靠于车速和辊的直径;在驻留期主要依靠纸张的吸水脱除涂料中的水分。
5、n在计量阶段,纸张上的涂料组成分两个部分:1、几微米厚的涂料滤饼2、在滤饼表面的液体层 滤饼层的厚度为2-4微米,相当于3-5克/平方米涂料;大约3-6层颜料积层!所以,辊式上料也称为 -长驻留上料涂布随着纸机车速的增加,进入压区、通过压区或回流到涂料盘的涂料增加,容易导致飞溅SPLASH和漏涂现象的发生!n涂层分离SPLIT,不能形成完全均匀的表面,取决于涂料的粘度和表面张力nSPLIT容易形成RIBBED PATTERN在纸张表面和涂布辊表面n纸机车速越高,RIBBED 又导致DROPLETSD 的形成,最终涂布纸质量发生变化n解决RIBBED 的方法:采用JET APPLICATION喷
6、射上料装置短驻留涂布SDTA短驻留上料装置n对纸张强度要求没有长驻留高n刮刀承受的负荷小n纸张断头少SDTA的脱水n压力n时间n原纸的吸受n一定温度下,涂料对脱水的抵抗力n温度n由于短驻留脱水时间,在驻留区承受的压力小,所以不会导致涂料的强烈脱水n短驻留回流压区与计量刮刀之间的距离为30-50mm 当纸机车速为1000-1500m/min时,驻留时间为1.2-3毫秒;与600mm长驻留相比,驻留时间只有其1/10n短驻留原纸回湿现象少n在涂布头处纸张的强度损失少两种驻留上料的比较n由于短驻留上料涂料失水不严重,涂层滤饼不容易形成n如果形成涂布滤饼,则在刮刀处涂料的固含量比泵送过来的新鲜涂料要高
7、,结果导致涂料头的压力上升,结果导致过多的涂布缺陷产生和纸张断头。短驻留对纸张质量的影响n短驻留主要用于低、中量涂布6-11克/平方米n涂料固含量为59-64%短驻留为什么产生比较平滑的涂层表面?fiber roughening短驻留条痕short dwell streaks 短驻留涂布量为15克/平方米;长驻留涂布和喷射涂布要高20克/平方米消除短驻留涂布条痕的措施喷射上料JET APPLICATOR Voith Dynamic Jetflow Cn辊式涂布的取代产品n两把刮刀,使得控制困难;纸张张力不容易控制Valmet Opticoat Duo Valmet Opticoatn上述几种喷
8、射上料涂布难以在实际生产中应用。Another example of premetered jet applicator(Valmet Opticoat).Free jet applicatorsFREE JET APPLICATOR的工作原理Backing rollNozzle gap 0.6-1.2 mmPremetered colour150-200.ml/mColour supplyPaper20-40n消除了FILM SPLIT 和溢流,喷出的层状涂料均匀一致n影响因素主要包括:流动速率 堰板宽度 喷射角 喷射距离计量装置Fundamentals page 2 基本原理基本原理 第二
9、页第二页nWe will consider the four most popular coating methods:Blade coating both bent and stiff刮刀涂布,硬刮刀和软刮刀nAir Knife Coating气刀式涂布nRod Coating棒刀式涂布nMetering Size Press/Roll计量式施胶涂布/辊式Blade vs Airknife vs Rod/Metering Size Press刮刀式涂布和棒式/计量式施胶涂布的比较影响涂布机运转的因素刮刀式涂布刮刀式涂布nBlade coaters are the most commonly
10、used metering device in the paper&board industry在造纸工业的涂布应用中刮刀式涂布是最 常见的方式nridged blade 硬刮刀nbent blade 软刮刀Typical Operational Conditions for Blade Coaters刮刀涂布的典型工作条件刮刀涂布的典型工作条件Head angle 0刮刀角35 to 50 15 to 25Coating solids涂料固含量45 to 7045 to 70Coater Speed 涂布车速To 2000 m/min200 to 1200 m/minCoating Visc
11、.涂料粘度800-3000800-1500Best suited for最适合于LWC,pre-coats and low coat weightBoard and high coat weightsBiggest concern最关系到Blade streaks刮刀条纹Blade streaks刮刀条纹Stiff Blade硬刮刀Bent Blade软刮刀Blade Coaters-Ridged刮刀涂布机刮刀涂布机 硬刮刀硬刮刀nRidged blade coater advantages硬刮刀涂布的优点平整的纸面-优异的凹版和胶版印刷性能高速或高固含量下的良好的涂布量控制当用短留着型涂布设
12、备时,非常适合轻涂纸LWCStiff BladeBent BladeImmobilizedcoating layerCoating colourPaperP 5.28-BLAD-TE-0152eBlade Operation Modus67|Training material DynaCoat|7/22/2022blade angleadjustmentblade loadadjustmentDynaBlade CCoat weight control68|Training material DynaCoat|7/22/2022nRidged blade disadvantagesn硬刮刀涂布
13、的缺点在低速时很难达到高的涂布量刮刀压力越大,保水性越差nerational issues 操作方面nblade lines/streaks刮刀条痕nblade wear can be high刮刀磨损严重Blade Coaters-Bent刮刀涂布机刮刀涂布机 软刮刀软刮刀nBent blade coater advantages 软刮刀涂布的优点nsame smooth coating as stiff blade像硬刮刀一样的平整纸面nability to obtain high coat weight at low speed or solids在较低的车速或固含量下,得到较高的涂布量
14、ncan apply high coat weight on smooth substrates with few blade lines在光滑的底面上得到高的涂布量,刮刀条痕较少nless problems with streaks than stiff blade刮刀条痕较硬刮刀少nBent blade disadvantagesn软刮刀涂布的缺点npoor ability to achieve low coat weight at high speeds在高速下较难达到高的涂布量nhigh coating dewatering at high blade angle/pressure在大
15、的刮刀角度或加压时保水性能差nOperational issuesnblade lines/streaks刮刀条痕nblade wear can be high刮刀磨损严重Influence Factors Coat Weight g/mnRaw paper parameters:Absorbancy(Cobb test)furnishporositynCoating colour parameters:Viscosity mPa.ssolids content%bindersnPre-metering parameter:Colour pump rate m/hnMetering eleme
16、nt parameters:Metering blade angle Blade load through spacer unit setting mmBlade thickness72|Training material DynaCoat|7/22/2022Air Knife CoatersAir Knife Coaters气刀式涂布机气刀式涂布机nAK coater advantages n气刀式涂布机的优点nuniform thickness coat important for optical uniformity均一的涂层厚度,对保持均一的光学性能非常重要nversatile in
17、coat weight and the uniform thickness is important for many functional coatings涂布量的灵活性和均一的涂层厚度可以适应多种涂布的需求nAK coater disadvantagesn气刀式涂布机的缺点nrequires low viscosity/solids&thus high drying load需要较低的粘度/固含量,因为干燥的需求比较大ncan have patterns会形成花斑nentrained air and porous coatings空气会进入涂层形成中空的涂层nOperational iss
18、ues操作方面nlips become plugged especially at higher speed喷嘴会堵赛,尤其是在高速时ncan only be used on low speed&coaters under 500 m/min只能应用于低于500m/min的涂布机Airknife Coater气刀式涂布机Airknife Coater double knife w/blowoff pan气刀式涂布机-带吹气面板的双刀型Rod Coaters棒式涂布机棒式涂布机nRod coater advantages n棒刀式涂布机的优点nfree of blade lines没有刮刀条痕n
19、rugged/excellent for base coats适合于底涂nRod coater disadvantagesn棒式涂布机的缺点ncoatings can have patterns涂层易形成花斑nsolids or viscosity change coat weight固含量或粘度直接影响涂布量nOperational issuesn操作方面nrod life is long compared to blade棒刀的寿命高于刮刀ncoat weight control is difficult.especially at high speed涂布量的控制比较难-尤其在高速纸机上
20、Elements of Rod Coater Jagenberg type棒刀涂布机的组成 Rod Affect on Coating Smoothness棒刀对涂层平滑度的影响Metering Size Press Coaters 计量式施胶涂布计量式施胶涂布Speedsizer:Principle arrangement and componentsApplicatorMetering elementReturn flowRest film(10-40%)Web tension50-500 N/mAirturnApplicatorroll 800-1600 mmFLRoll nip 15-
21、45 mmLine load(N/m)Roll cover(P&J),15-20 mmPremetered film5-50 ml/m2(=100%)FL85|Prsentation|7/22/202286|Prsentation|7/22/2022SpeedSizer AT web run87|Prsentation|7/22/2022施胶棒计量施胶棒转动 液压马达 施胶棒从两边转动 施胶棒与施胶辊转动方向相反 转动速度 -50-100 rpm 表面施胶 -150-200 rpm 涂涂料用于涂布和表面施胶的施胶棒 -平滑的施胶棒直径12-35mm -带槽的施胶棒直径9.83-15mm and
22、 16-25mm膜施胶工作原理:1 预计量施胶辊表面的湿膜量2 将湿膜传递到纸幅上3 不固定的膜层分离4 固定的膜层的水准测量膜在施胶辊上的传递带槽的施胶棒:施胶量测量表面施胶(沟纹棒)施胶量每面0.5-4 g/m2 固含量3-15%涂料(光滑棒)涂布量范围 2-12 g/m/side 固含量 40-68%车速 200 2000 m/min 膜传递涂布,难达到高涂布量nMSP coater advantagesn计量式施胶涂布计量式施胶涂布nfree of blade lines没有刮刀条痕nrugged/excellent for base coats or LWC适合于底涂ncan run
23、 at speeds over 2000 m/min运转车速可以超过2000m/minncan coat two sides simultaneously同时两面涂布nlow capital cost成本低nRod coater disadvantagesnCD profile can be difficultCD向的横幅控制比较难ncoat weight control limited&sensitive to coating vis.涂布量控制较难,对涂料粘度比较敏感nOperational issuesnapplicator roll condition critical to good
24、 surface quality上料辊的工作状况对纸张表面质量有很大影响Metering Size Press Coater计量式施胶涂布计量式施胶涂布Metering Size Press Coater计量式施胶涂布计量式施胶涂布 Metering Size Press Coater Metering Size Press Coater 计量式施胶涂布计量式施胶涂布Metering Size Press Coater计量式施胶涂布计量式施胶涂布MSP容易导致的问题运行性问题:淀粉在计量棒分离 不可控制的纸幅从施胶辊分离 在压区出口处纸幅转移计量棒上散开的薄雾:计量棒压力高易产生薄雾 辊壳硬更容易产生薄雾 增加计量棒的转速可减少薄雾 计量棒喷蒸汽可减少薄雾 计量棒运转中保持清洁,不容易产生薄雾