1、 Cardiovascular SystemaortaarteriolearteryAtrioventricular bundleAtrioventricular nodeatriumcapillaryCoronary arteriesDeoxygenated blood主动脉主动脉 zhuzhu dong dong maimai小动脉小动脉 xiaoxiao dong dong maimai动脉动脉 dong dong maimai房室束房室束 fang fang shishi shushu房实结房实结 fang fang shishi jiejie心房心房 xinxin fang fang
2、毛细血管毛细血管 maomao xi xi xuexue guan guan冠状动脉冠状动脉 guan guan zhuangzhuang dong dong maimai低氧血低氧血 didi yang yang xuexuediastoleendocardiumMitral valvemurmurmyocardiumpacemakerpericardiumPulmonary arteryPulmonary circulation舒张舒张 shushu zhangzhang心内膜心内膜 xinxin neinei mo mo二尖瓣二尖瓣 erer jianjian ban ban杂音杂音 z
3、aza yin yin心肌心肌 xinxin ji ji起搏点起搏点 qiqi bobo diandian心包心包 xinxin baobao肺动脉肺动脉 feifei dong dong maimai肺循环肺循环 feifei xunxun huanhuan Cardiovascular SystemPulmonary valvePulmonary veinpulseseptumSinoatrial nodesphygmomanometerSystemic circulationsystoleTricuspid valve肺动脉瓣肺动脉瓣 feifei dong dong maimai ba
4、n ban肺静脉肺静脉 feifei jingjing maimai脉搏脉搏 maimai bobo间隔间隔 jianjian gege窦房结窦房结 doudou fang fang jiejie血压计血压计 xuexue yaya ji ji体循环体循环 ti ti xunxun huanhuan收缩收缩 shoushou suosuo三尖瓣三尖瓣 san san jianjian ban ban Cardiovascular SystemVena cavaventriclevenule腔静脉腔静脉 qiangqiang jingjing maimai心室心室 xinxin shishi小静
5、脉小静脉 xiaoxiao jingjing maimai Cardiovascular SystemPathological Conditionsarrhythmias心律失常心律失常xinxin lv lv shi shi changchang Cardiovascular SystemHeart block心传导阻滞心传导阻滞xinxin chuangchuang daodao zuzu zhizhiflutter心扑心扑 xinxin pupuAbnormal heart rhythmsFailure of proper conduction of impulses through t
6、he AV node to the atrioventricular bundle Rapid but regular contractions of atria or ventriclesPathological Conditionsfibrillation 纤维颤动纤维颤动 xianxian weiwei chanchan dong dong Cardiovascular SystemCongenital heart disease先天性心脏病先天性心脏病xianxian tiantian xingxing xinxin zangzang bingbingCoarctation of th
7、e aorta 主动脉缩窄主动脉缩窄zhuzhu dong dong maimai suosuo zhaizhaiRapid, random, ineffectual and irregular contractions of the heart(350 beats or more per minute)Abnormalities in the heart at birthNarrowing of the aortaPathological ConditionsPatent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭动脉导管未闭dong dong maimai daodao guan g
8、uan weiwei bi bi Cardiovascular SystemSeptal defects 间隔缺损间隔缺损jianjian gege queque sun sunTetralogy of Fallot 法洛氏四联症法洛氏四联症fafa luoluo shi shi si si lianlian zhengzhengA small duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remain openSmall holes in the septa b
9、etween the atria or the ventricles1.Pulmonary artery stenosis 2.ventricular septal defect3.Shift of the aorta to the right 4.hypertrophy of the right venticlePathological ConditionsCongestive heart failure充血性心衰充血性心衰chongchong xuexue xingxing xinxin shuaishuai Cardiovascular SystemCoronary artery dis
10、ease 冠心病冠心病 guan guan xinxin bingbingendocarditis 心内膜炎心内膜炎 xinxin neinei mo mo yanyanThe heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood Disease of the arteries surrounding the heartCause: atherosclerosis 动脉动脉( (dongmaidongmai) )粥粥( (zhouzhou) )样样(yang)(yang)硬化硬化( (yinghuayinghua) )Inflamation
11、炎症炎症( (yanzhengyanzheng) ) of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria 细菌细菌( (xijunxijun) )Pathological ConditionsHypertensive heart disease高血压性心脏病高血压性心脏病gaoxueyagaoxueya xingxing xinzangbingxinzangbing Cardiovascular SystemMitral valve prolapse 二尖瓣脱垂二尖瓣脱垂erer jianjian ban ban tuotuo chuichu
12、ipericarditis 心包炎心包炎 xinxin baobao yanyanHigh blood pressure affecting the heartImproper closure of the mitral valve (enlarges and prolapses into the left atrium during systole)Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart Pathological ConditionsRheumatic heart disease风湿性心脏病风湿性心脏病fengfeng shi s
13、hi xingxing xinxin zangzang bingbing Cardiovascular Systemaneurysm 动脉瘤动脉瘤dong dong maimai liuliuhypertension 高血压高血压 gaogao xuexue yayaHeart disease caused by rheumatic fever (childhood disease)Local widening of an arterial wallCause: atherosclerosis, hypertension, weakness of vessel wallHigh blood p
14、ressure. Most is essential 原发性原发性( (yuanfaxingyuanfaxing) ) ，with no identifiable causePathological ConditionsPeripheral vascular disease外周血管病外周血管病waiwai zhouzhou xuexue guan guan bingbing Cardiovascular SystemRaynaud disease 雷诺病雷诺病 lei lei nuonuo bingbing静脉曲张静脉曲张 jingjing maimai ququ zhangzhang Var
15、icose veinsBlockage 阻塞阻塞( (zusezuse) ) of blood vessels outside the heartShort episodes of pallor 苍白苍白( (cangbaicangbai) ) and cyanosis 紫绀紫绀( (ziganzigan) ) in the fingers 手指手指( (shouzhishouzhi) ) and toes 脚趾脚趾( (jiaozhijiaozhi) )Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs 腿腿
16、( (tuitui) )Lipid tests 脂类检测脂类检测 zhizhi lei lei jianjian ceceLaboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures Cardiovascular SystemSerum enzyme tests血清酶检测血清酶检测xuexue qingqing meimei jianjian ceceLipoprotein electrophoresis 脂蛋白电泳脂蛋白电泳zhizhi dandan baibai diandian yongyongMeasurement of cholesterol胆固醇胆固醇( (danda
17、n gugu chunchun) ) and triglycerides甘油三酯甘油三酯( (ganyousanzhiganyousanzhi) ) in a blood sampleLipoproteins (combinations of fat脂肪脂肪( (zhifangzhifang) ) and protein蛋蛋白质白质( (danbaizhidanbaizhi) ) are physically separated in a blood sampleExamples: low-density lipoprotein(LDL)低低( (didi) )密度密度( (midumidu)
18、 )脂蛋脂蛋白白( (zhidanbaizhidanbai) )Chemicals measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attackExamples: creatine kinase(CK)肌酸激酶肌酸激酶( (jisuanjisuan jimeijimei) ) troponin-T(cTnT)肌钙蛋白肌钙蛋白T(jigaidanbaiT(jigaidanbai) )Cardiac catheterization心导管检查心导管检查 xinxin daodao guan guan jianjian cha chaLaboratory Te
19、sts, Clinical Procedures Cardiovascular SystemHolter monitoring 2424小时心监小时心监 ershisiershisi xiaoshixiaoshi xinjianxinjianEletrocardiography 心电图心电图 xinxin diandian tutuA thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein静脉静脉( (jingmaijingmai) ) or an artery动脉动脉( (dongmaidongmai) )Recording of el
20、ectricity flowing through the heartAn ECG device is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias心律失常心律失常( (xinlshichangxinlshichang) )Stress test 运动实验运动实验 yunyun dong shi dong shi yanyanLaboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures Cardiovascular SystemCardioversion(defibrillation)电除颤电除颤 diand
21、ian chuchu chanchanExercise tolerance test determines the hearts response to physical exertion强强( (qiangqiang) )体力活动体力活动( (tilihuodongtilihuodong) ) stress应激应激( (yingjiyingji) ) Very brief discharges of electricity放电放电( (fangdianfangdian) ), applied across the chest胸部胸部( (xiongbuxiongbu) ) to stop a
22、rrthymiasCoronary artery bypass graft (CABG)冠状动脉旁路搭桥冠状动脉旁路搭桥Guan Guan zhuangzhuang dong dong maimai pang pang lulu daqiaodaqiaoLaboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures Cardiovascular SystemExtracorporeal circulation体外循环体外循环 ti ti waiwai xunxun huanhuanArteries and veins are anastomosed联结联结( (lianjielia
23、njie) ) to coronary arteries to detour around blockages阻塞阻塞( (zusezuse) )A heart-lung machine心肺心肺( (xinfeixinfei) )机机( (ji ji) ) diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is being repairedHeart transplantation 心脏移植心脏移植 xinxin zangzang yi yi zhizhiLaboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures Ca
24、rdiovascular SystemA donor供体供体( (gongtigongti) ) heart is transferred to a recipient受体受体( (shoutishouti) )A balloon-tipped catheter尖头尖头( (jiantoujiantou) )胶囊胶囊( (jiaonangjiaonang) )导管导管( (daoguandaoguan) ) is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents支架支架( (zhijiazhijia) ) are put in
25、 placePercutaneous coronary intervention经皮冠状动脉扩张术经皮冠状动脉扩张术JingpiJingpi guanzhuangdongmaiguanzhuangdongmai kuozhangkuozhang医生：你有什么问题？医生：你有什么问题？Ni you Ni you shenshen me me wenwen ti ti? ?病人：我头晕头痛。病人：我头晕头痛。WoWo toutou yunyun toutou tong. tong.Dialogue D: What happened to you?P: I get a headache and fe
26、el dizzy. Cardiovascular System医生：一直痛还是有时痛？医生：一直痛还是有时痛？Yi Yi zhizhi tong tong haihai shishi you you shishi tong? tong?病人：有时痛。但最近比较频繁。病人：有时痛。但最近比较频繁。You You shishi tong. Dan tong. Dan zuizui jinjin bi bi jiaojiao pin fan. pin fan.Dialogue D: All the time or sometimes?P: Sometimes. But its more freque
27、nt recently. Cardiovascular System医生：感冒了吗？医生：感冒了吗？GanGan maomao le ma? le ma?病人：没有。病人：没有。Mei you.Mei you.Dialogue D: Have you got a cold?P: No. Cardiovascular System医生：你有什么耳朵或者眼睛的疾病吗？医生：你有什么耳朵或者眼睛的疾病吗？Ni you Ni you shenshen me me erer duo duo huohuo zhezhe yanyan jingjing de de ji ji bingbing ma? ma
28、?病人：我想没有。病人：我想没有。WoWo xiangxiang meimei you. you.Dialogue D: Have you got any disease with your ears or eyes?P: No, I dont think so. Cardiovascular System医生：那你确定是头晕而不是眩晕吗？晕的时候有没有感到周医生：那你确定是头晕而不是眩晕吗？晕的时候有没有感到周围事物在运动？围事物在运动？Na Na nini queque ding ding shishi toutou yunyun erer bubu shishi xuanxuan yun
29、yun ma? ma? YunYun de de shishi houhou you you meimei you you gangan daodao zhouzhou weiwei shishi wuwu zaizai yunyun dong? dong?病人：是的，我非常肯定就是头晕。病人：是的，我非常肯定就是头晕。Shi de, Shi de, wowo feifei changchang ken ding ken ding jiujiu shishi toutou yunyun. .Dialogue D: Then are you sure that its not vertigo b
30、ut dizziness? Do you feel any movement of the articles surrounding?P: Yes, Im quite sure. Its a dizziness. Cardiovascular System医生：有高血压吗医生：有高血压吗? ?You You gaogao xuexue yaya ma? ma?病人：我不知道。病人：我不知道。WoWo bubu zhizhi daodao. .Dialogue D: Do you have hypertension?P: I have no idea. Cardiovascular System
31、医生：有没有发过心脏病？医生：有没有发过心脏病？You You meimei you you fafa guoguo xinxin zangzang bingbing? ?病人：没有。病人：没有。Mei you.Mei you.Dialogue D: Have you experienced any heart attack?P: No, I havent. Cardiovascular System医生：除了头晕头痛，还有其他什么不舒服吗？医生：除了头晕头痛，还有其他什么不舒服吗？Chu le Chu le toutou yunyun toutou tong, tong, haihai yo
32、u you qiqi tata shenshen me me bubu shushu fu ma? fu ma?病人：有时候做多了家务活，会感到胸闷病人：有时候做多了家务活，会感到胸闷. .You You shishi houhou zuozuo duo le duo le jiajia wuwu huohuo, , huihui gangan daodao xiongxiong men. men.Dialogue D: Are there any other symptoms except that?P: I may feel a chest stress after doing a lot
33、 of housework. Cardiovascular System医生：嗯，如果爬楼，爬到几楼你会觉得很累而不得不停下来喘医生：嗯，如果爬楼，爬到几楼你会觉得很累而不得不停下来喘口气口气? ?En, En, ruru guoguo pa pa loulou, pa , pa daodao ji ji loulou nini huihui juejue de hen lei de hen lei erer bubu de de bubu ting ting xiexie lailai chuan chuan koukou qiqi? ?病人：我不知道。我房子在二楼。需要上楼的时候我都是做电
34、梯。病人：我不知道。我房子在二楼。需要上楼的时候我都是做电梯。WoWo bubu zhizhi daodao. . WoWo fang fang zi zi zaizai erer loulou. . XuXu yaoyao shangshang loulou de de shishi houhou wowo doudou shishi zuozuo diandian ti ti. .Dialogue D: Ok. Which floor can you get to before feeling too tired to stop for a breath when youre going
35、upstairs?P: I dont know. My house is at the second floor and l usually turn to elevator when I have to go upstairs. Cardiovascular System医生：你很可能得了高血压，如果不控制的话，会引起心脏病。医生：你很可能得了高血压，如果不控制的话，会引起心脏病。Ni hen Ni hen keke nengneng de le de le gaogao xuexue yaya, , ruru guoguo bubu kongkong zhizhi de de huahua
36、, , huihui yin yin qiqi xinxin zangzang bingbing. .病人：有那么严重？我只是感到头晕而已啊？病人：有那么严重？我只是感到头晕而已啊？You You nana me me yanyan zhongzhong? ? WoWo zhizhi shishi gangan daodao tuotuo yunyun erer yi yi a? a?Dialogue D: Its strongly supposed that you have got a disease called hypertension which could cause heart
37、disease if its not under control?P: Do you really think Im that ill? I just feel dizzy？ Cardiovascular System医生：护士会先给你量两次血压，今天明天各一次。另外我建医生：护士会先给你量两次血压，今天明天各一次。另外我建议你再做两项检查，心电图和超声心动图。今天就可以做完。议你再做两项检查，心电图和超声心动图。今天就可以做完。HuHu shishi huihui xianxian geigei nini liangliang liangliang ci ci xuexue yaya, ,
38、jinjin tiantian mingming tiantian gege yi yi ci ci. Ling . Ling waiwai wowo jianjian yi yi nini zaizai zuozuo liangliang xiangxiang jianjian cha, cha, xinxin diandian tutu he he chaochao shengsheng xinxin dong dong tutu. Jin . Jin tiantian jiujiu keke yi yi zuozuo wan. wan.病人：要花很多钱吗？这些检查有用吗？。病人：要花很多
39、钱吗？这些检查有用吗？。Yao Yao huahua hen duo hen duo qianqian ma? ma? ZheZhe xiexie jianjian cha you cha you yongyong ma? ma?Dialogue D: First, nurse will take the blood pressure twice, once today and once tomorrow. I suggest another two examinations, including EKG and UCG. You can finish them today.P: Do the
40、y cost much? And what benefits do you think they will bring me. Cardiovascular System医生：两天测两次血压是标准原则，而心电图和超声心动图能医生：两天测两次血压是标准原则，而心电图和超声心动图能发现心脏的毛病。发现心脏的毛病。Liang Liang tiantian cece liangliang ci ci xuexue yaya shishi biaobiao zhunzhun yuanyuan zeze, , erer xinxin diandian tutu he he chaochao shengsh
41、eng xinxin dong dong tutu nengneng fafa xianxian xinxin zangzang de de maomao bingbing. .病人：好的，不过请你为我省些钱，我不是个有钱的老太太，病人：好的，不过请你为我省些钱，我不是个有钱的老太太，也没有医疗保险。也没有医疗保险。HaoHao de, de, bubu guoguo qingqing nini weiwei wowo shengsheng xiexie qianqian, , wowo bubu shishi gege you you qianqian de de laolao tai ta
42、i taitai, ye , ye meimei you you yi yi liaoliao baobao xianxian. .Dialogue D: Its a standard procedure to take your blood pressure twice in two days. The EKG and UCG will find out the trouble of the heart ?P: Ok. But please spare some money for me. I am not a rich old woman and I have no medical insurance. Cardiovascular System
