1、科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 1 页 共 14 页 南京航空航天大学南京航空航天大学2016 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（A 卷）2016 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题（A 卷）科目代码:620 科目名称:基础英语 满分:150 分 注意:认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无 认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！效；本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I.Vocabulary(20 points)A.Choosethewordorphrasema
2、rkedA,B,C,andDtobestcorrespondtothewordabove.Besuretowritedownyourchoiceontheanswersheet.(10points)1.insensate a)without the power to see b)without the power to hear c)without the power to feel d)without the power to read 2.incongruous a)lacking passion b)lacking peace c)lacking empathy d)lacking ha
3、rmony 3.unequivocal a)vocal b)clear c)ambiguous d)equal 4.myopic a)short-sighted b)far-sighted c)long-sighted d)clear-sighted 5.forlorn a)wretched b)forbidding c)departing d)merry 6.nocturnal a)of the morning b)of the music c)of the sun d)of the night 7.archaic a)innovative b)antiquated c)arctic d)c
4、onnected with water 8.languor a)vigorous b)abnormal c)lethargy d)tedious 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 2 页 共 14 页 9.incorrigible a)cannot be corrected b)cannot be recognized c)cannot be elected d)cannot be eliminated 10.potentate a)imbecile b)ruler c)submission d)barbarian B.Directions:Explain the italicized
5、 words in the following sentences with simple,everyday words orexpressionsinEnglish.Besuretowritedownyourexplanationontheanswersheet.(10points)1.By Tuesday,Charlies back had improved,and he pitched in with Seebees in the worst volunteer work of all.2.What about the bomb and the misery and humanitys
6、most heinous crime.3.They think they got their little secret tucked away,and so they haveexcept like now.4.Casually he debunked revered artists and art treasures,and took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.5.There are things in nature that engender an awful quiet in the heart of man,Devils Tower i
7、s one of them.6.Also called natural gas,methane is released from landfills,from coal mines and rice paddies,form billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland 7.Who was right,who was wrong,did not matter.The conversation was on wings.8.we renew our pledge of support:to prevent i
8、t from becoming merely a forum for invective,to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak,and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.9.Dont you want to be in the swim?10.In the same way,avenues of high-rise luxury in New York are never far from poverty and mean streets.II.Cloze(20 points)
9、A.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithasuitablewordinitsproperformandwritedowntherequiredwordontheanswersheet.(10points)Americans havent given up on marriage as a cherished ideal.Indeed,most Americans continue to prize and value marriage 1 an important life goal,and the vast 2 of us will marry at leas
10、t once in a lifetime.By the mid-thirties,a majority of Americans have married at least once.Most couples enter marriage with a strong 3 and determination for a lifelong,4 partnership.Moreover,this desire may be 5 among the young.Since the 1980s,the percentage of young Americans who say 6 having a go
11、od marriage is extremely important to them as a life goal has increased slightly.But when men and women 7 today,they are entering a union that looks very different from the 8 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 3 页 共 14 页 that their parents or grandparents entered.As a couples relationship,marriages are more likel
12、y to be broken by divorce 9 by death.And although one might expect that greater freedom to leave an unhappy marriage might increase the 10 that intact marriages would be very happy,this does not 11 to be the case.Marriages are less 12 today than in past decades.As an 13 stage in the life course,marr
13、iage is shrinking.Americans are living longer,marrying later,exiting marriage 14 quickly,and choosing to live together before marriage,after marriage,in-between marriages,and as an alternative 15 marriage.A small but growing percentage of American adults will never marry.As a 16 ,marriage is surroun
14、ded by longer periods of 17 or unpartnered singlehood over the course of a lifetime.Among young women,social confidence in marriage is wavering.Until very recently,young women were highly optimistic about their chances for 18 happiness and success.Now,according to youth surveys,their 19 in their abi
15、lity to achieve successful marriage is 20 .Moreover,they are notably more accepting of alternatives to marriage,such as unwed parenthood and cohabitation.B.Fillineachblankwithaproperwordfromthefollowingbox.Changeitsformifnecessaryandwritedowntherequiredwordontheanswersheet.(10points)Why does the ide
16、a of progress 1 so large in the modern world?Surely because progress of a 2 kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more 3 .Although mankind has 4 no general improvement in intelligence or morality,it has made 5 progress in the accumulation of knowledge.Knowledge began to in
17、crease as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of 6 .With the invention of writing,a great advance was made,for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also 7 .Libraries made education possible,and education in its 8 added to libraries:the growth
18、 of knowledge 9 a kind of compound interest law,which was greatly 10 by the invention of printing.All this was 11 slow until,with the coming of science,the tempo was suddenly 12 .Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a 13 plan.The trickle became a stream;the stream has now become a 14
19、.Moreover,as soon as new knowledge is 15 ,it is now turned to practical account.What is called“modern civilization”is not the result of a 16 development of all mans acquire,apply,balance,comparatively,enhance,extraordinary,face,follow,indifferently,loom,manifest,particular,raise,speech,store,systema
20、tic,torrent,turn,twoedged,科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 4 页 共 14 页 nature,but of accumulated knowledge 17 to practical life.The problem now 18 humanity is:What is going to be done with all this knowledge?As is so often pointed out,knowledge is a 19 weapon which can be used equally for good and evil.It is now
21、 being used 20 for both.III.Errorcorrection(20points)Directions:Therearetwentymistakesinthefollowingpassage.Youarerequiredtounderlineormarkthemistakesandgetthemcorrected.Besuretowritedownthecorrectformontheanswersheet.Example:“Wordsworthissaidtohave mostfascinatingvoice!”the In many countries,when p
22、eople give them name,they refer to themselves 1.using their last name or family name.In the United States,therefore,people 2.generally refer to themselves using their first name;some people even take 3.“nickname”what can be related to their first name or some event in their life.4.On the first day o
23、f class,if a professor introduces himself,he would tell 5.you how hed like to be addressed.Americans pride themselves in their 6.individuality and independence.They express the individuality in such many 7.ways,clothing and decorating styles including.American college students are 8.learning to live
24、 like independent adults,and they will make decisions about 9.their living style,classes,and personal life independent on their parents and 10.family.Americans will speak bluntly,discussing topics in the public.So frankly 11.they speak that people from other cultures may find the topics embarrassing
25、 12.and controversial.College campuses are a place that many ideas are discussed 13.freely,and you may hear things that make you embarrassing or offend you.It is 14 important to know you can tell someone with whose you do not wish to discuss 15.a subject that make you uncomfortable.Men and women in
26、the United States 16.科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 5 页 共 14 页 often form friendships that have no romantic involvement.These friends will spend time together,go to the movies,and go out to dinner lonely or in group.17.If the American of the opposite sex invites you to a party or to dinner,it 18.does not nece
27、ssarily indicate romantic interest.It is common for people living far away to home to experience culture shock,but this doesnt have to spoil 19.the experience.If you find yourself feel homesick,call a friend at home or go to 20.your schools international student office to speak with an advisor.IV.Pa
28、raphrase（30points）Directions:RestatethefollowingsentencesinanotherforminEnglishtoclarifythemeaning.Besuretowritedownyourrestatementontheanswersheet.1.Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people.2.A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe,tur
29、ning chair-legs at lightning speed.3.Acre by acre,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.4.Let us begin anew,remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness.5.The house detectives piggy eyes surveyed her sardonically from his gross jowled face.6.E
30、very artist thought he owed it to himself to turn his back on the Eiffel Tower,as a protest against the architectural blasphemy.7.She looked a mess,to tell you the truth,a real slattern,dressed any old how.8.A pay check is not enough to base ones self-respect on.9.All weight is lifted from my body;I
31、m one with the night.10.It is easier to cut across social and occupational lines in Europe than it is in America.V.General Knowledge(20 points)a.Directions:Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1._ were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.科目代码：62
32、0 科目名称：基础英语 第 6 页 共 14 页 A.The Normans B.The Romans C.The Vikings D.The Anglo-Saxons 2.The study of language as a whole is called _.A.Synchronic linguistics B.Diachronic linguistics C.General linguistics D.Macrolinguistics 3.Which of the following is NOT true of corpus?A.Chomsky validated the corpus
33、 as a source of evidence in linguistic enquiry.B.Quirk planned and executed the construction of his ambitious Surveys of English Usage.C.If corpora are said to be unannotated,they appear in their existing raw state of plain texts.D.Corpus enables linguists to make objective statements.4.“Avoid obscu
34、rity of expression”belongs to the maxim of _.A.quality B.relation C.manner D.quantity 5._ refers to the way of word-formation by combining the initial letters of a composite name.They can not be pronounced into one word.A.Initialism B.Acronymy C.Invention D.Blending 6.It was his_ that established Wa
35、shington Irving as“the father of American literature.”A.childhood recollections B.sketches about his European tours C.early poetry D.tales about America 7.Emily Bront wrote only one novel entitled _.A.Jane Eyre B.Agnes Grey C.Wuthering Heights D.Emma 8.Prometheus Unbound is a famous lyrical drama by
36、 _.A.William Wordsworth B.George Gordon Lord Byron C.Percy Bysshe Shelley D.John Keats 9._(1915-2005),the winner of Nobel Prize for literature in 1976,was an American Jewish writer whose representative works included The Adventures of Augie March,Seize the Day,etc.A.Saul Bellow B.Philip Roth C.Toni
37、Morrison D.Thomas Pynchon 10.Which of the following works is NOT written by Charles Dickens?A.The Pickwick Papers B.A Christmas Carol C.Oliver Twist D.The French Revolution b.Directions:Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answe
38、r sheet.(10 points)1.duality 2.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 3.coarticulation 4.converse antonymy 5.metaphor 6.narrator 科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 7 页 共 14 页 7.onomatopoeia edy 9.allegory 10.meter VI.ReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each questi
39、on there are four answers marked A,B,C or D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.PassageA Along with plans to put a man on the moon and develop its own aircraft carrier,Chinas sky-high ambition now inclu
40、des building its own Made-in-China jumbo jet,to one day compete with Boeing and Airbus for a share of the lucrative commercial aviation marketplace.The project,still in the early development stages,calls for the first Chinese jumbo jet,dubbed the C919,to make its maiden flight in 2014,with the first
41、 commercial delivery two years after that.The jet is being produced by the Shanghai-based Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China(COMAC),which is manufacturing smaller regional jets due to hit the market next year.Chinas reasons for wanting to enter the large jet market are clear;Chinese airlines a
42、re set to buy more than 2,000 big jets by 2025,making it one of the worlds largest markets.Asias airlines in total are expected to place orders for about 10,000 jets in that same period.But Chinas move into the large jet business represents a bold leap-some say too bold-with any chance of a payoff m
43、any years off.The technology is rapidly evolving,Boeing and Airbus have long-established track records and safety-minded consumers may be wary to switch to a jet made in China.I tend to be a little bit skeptical that this can happen a decade or decades away,said Nicholas R.Lardy,a China expert with
44、the Peterson Institute for International Economics.Still,Chinese officials think that they have found a niche to compete with aviations two big players.The C919 will be a single-aisle jet with 150 to 190 seats,while the other plane makers are concentrating on wide-body jumbo jets.Their jet will be c
45、heaper,they say,and also more environmentally friendly.Premier Wen Jiabao laid out Chinas jet vision in a May speech titled Let The Large Aircraft of China Fly in the Blue Sky.He said,We must succeed in doing this,and the dream of many generations will come true.Chinas start-up work is well underway
46、.In April,just before Wens speech,COMAC recruited 200 graduates from the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,boosting the firms workforce to 5,000;the plan is for a workforce of 20,000.After 90 months of research and production,the first prototype of domestically built C919 airliner r
47、olled off the assembly line on Nov 2,2015.Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(NUAA)also contributed to Chinas first large passenger aircraft.Since 2008,NUAA has conducted over 140 projects for the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China(COMAC).A number of technical innovations were a
48、pplied to the research and development of C919.The latest news is that C919 will use the superfine aircraft-grade glass wool material invented by NUAA.The research team led by Chen Zhaofeng,a professor at the School of Material Science and Technology of NUAA,spent four years and made ten technologic
49、al breakthroughs and finally managed to develop the material.Such aircraft-grade glass wool will be posted in the cabin for sound insulation and thermal insulation.The sound insulation will help reduce the noise and excellent thermal insulation can reduce energy consumption and fuel consumption and
50、improve aircrafts economic performance and international competitiveness.科目代码：620 科目名称：基础英语 第 8 页 共 14 页 And last month,a car-size mockup of the C919 was on display at the Hong Kong air show,putting Chinas aviation ambition on full display in a prominent position next to Boeing and Airbus at Asias l
