1、高二人教版英语选择性必修二第一单元Unit Unit 1 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTSSCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Lesson 3:Discover Useful Structures&Using StructuresLesson 3:Discover Useful Structures&Using Structures Learning Objectives（学习目标）By the end of the lesson,you will be able to：1.understand the basic form of predicative clause
2、s(表语从句表语从句).2.master the usages of different subordinating conjunctions(从属连词从属连词)that lead predicative clauses.3.understand the meanings and functions of predicative clauses.4.use predicative clauses correctly and properly in context(语境中语境中).RevisionQ1.In Para.2,what were the two contradictory theor
3、ies doctors had in those days?Q2.In Para.3,why did the women and her daughter die of cholera after moving away from Broad Street?Q3.What was“the truth”mentioned in Para.4?Q1.In Para.2,what were the contradictory theories doctors had in those days?Q2.In Para.3,why did the women and her daughter die o
4、f cholera after moving away from Broad Street?Q3.What was“the truth”mentioned in Para.4?One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and water.It seemed that the women liked the water from the pump so much that she had it deliv
5、ered to her house every day.The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.RevisionExplore:Observe and find 1.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and water.3.It seemed that the women l
6、iked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.4.The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.The basic form of Predicative Clause:Subject+Linking verbs+subordinating conjunction+other elementsPCthat,whether,how,where,what,as i
7、f.be,seem,appear,look,sound.1.Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is what makes me immensely satisfied.Bill Gates2.The next major explosion is going to be when genetics and computers come together.Alvin Toffler3.The doctor has been taught to be interested not in health but in
8、 disease.What the public is taught is that health is the cure for disease.Ashley Montagu4.Research is what Im doing when I dont know what Im doing.Wernher von BraunPractice:Find out predicative clauses in each sentence.1.Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is what makes me im
9、mensely satisfied.Bill Gates2.The next major explosion is going to be when genetics and computers come together.Alvin Toffler3.The doctor has been taught to be interested not in health but in disease.What the public is taught is that health is the cure for disease.Ashley Montagu4.Research is what Im
10、 doing when I dont know what Im doing.Wernher von BraunPractice:Find out predicative clauses in each sentence.What subordinating conjunctions(从属连词)can lead a predicative clause?1.Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is what makes me immensely satisfied.Bill Gates2.The next maj
11、or explosion is going to be when genetics and computers come together.Alvin Toffler3.The doctor has been taught to be interested not in health but in disease.What the public is taught is that health is the cure for disease.Ashley Montagu4.Research is what Im doing when I dont know what Im doing.Wern
12、her von BraunPractice:Find out predicative clauses in each sentence.How are these conjunctions used in a predicative clause?Tip 1:Usages of different subordinating conjunctions that can lead a predicative clause引导词引导词用法用法连词that在从句中不充当成分，无意义whether在从句中不充当成分，意为“是否”连接代词what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),
13、whom(ever),whose在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语连接副词how,when,where,why在从句中充当状语其它连词because,as if,as though在从句中不充当成分，意为“因为，好像，似乎”1.One theory was _ bad air caused the disease.2.What people really doubt is _ the doctor will defeat the serious illness.3.It seemed _ the world were coming to an end.4.This applied science,w
14、hich saves work and makes life easier,brings us little happiness.That is _ we have not yet learn to make sensible use of it.that（在从句中不充当成分）（在从句中不充当成分）whether（在从句中不充当成分（在从句中不充当成分,意为意为“是否是否”,表语从句中不能使用表语从句中不能使用“if”）as if（在从句中不充当成分（在从句中不充当成分,意为意为“好像好像”）表语从句中表语从句中SVO成分完整成分完整连词：在从句中不充当成分表语从句中表语从句中SVO成分完整成
15、分完整表语从句中表语从句中SVO成分完整成分完整 because（在从句中不充当成分（在从句中不充当成分,意为意为“因为因为”）表语从句中表语从句中SP成分完整成分完整Tip 1:Usages of different subordinating conjunctions that can lead a predicative clause引导词引导词用法用法连词that在从句中不充当成分，无意义whether在从句中不充当成分，意为“是否”连接代词what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语连接副词how,wh
16、en,where,why在从句中充当状语其它连词because,as if,as though在从句中不充当成分，意为“因为，好像，似乎”5.Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is _ makes me immensely satisfied.6.That is _ many experts are worrying about.7.There are dozens of books about Zoology in library.However,what really makes him confused
17、 is _ is the most suitable one for his research paper.what（在从句中充当主语，（在从句中充当主语，意为意为“.的事情的事情”）which（在从句中充当主语（在从句中充当主语,意为意为“哪一（本）哪一（本）.”）连接代词：在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语表语从句中缺少主语表语从句中缺少主语 what（在从句中充当宾语，意为（在从句中充当宾语，意为“.的事情的事情”）表语从句中缺少宾语表语从句中缺少宾语表语从句中缺少主语表语从句中缺少主语8.The problem is _ could find out a cure for the disea
18、se.9.What I have not decided is _ I am going to visit.10.Both my parents have given me some advice on how to save money.But the question is _ advice I should take.whose（在从句中充当定语，意为（在从句中充当定语，意为“谁的谁的.”）连接代词：在从句中充当成分主语、宾语、定语表语从句中缺少定语表语从句中缺少定语表语从句中缺少主语表语从句中缺少主语 whom（在从句中充当宾语（在从句中充当宾语,意为意为“谁谁”）表语从句中缺少宾语表
19、语从句中缺少宾语 who（在从句中充当主语（在从句中充当主语,意为意为“谁谁”）Tip 1:Usages of different subordinating conjunctions that can lead a predicative clause引导词引导词用法用法连词that在从句中不充当成分，无意义whether在从句中不充当成分，意为“是否”连接代词what(ever),which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语连接副词how,when,where,why在从句中充当状语其它连词because,as if,as tho
20、ugh在从句中不充当成分，意为“因为，好像，似乎”11.What John Snow showed to the world was _ cholera could be overcome.12.The exact places Snow marked on the map were _ all those who died had lived.13.What Snow was determined to find out was _ more than 500 people died in ten days.14.The next major explosion is going to be
21、 _ genetics and computers come together.how where when表语从句中表语从句中SVA成分完整成分完整,缺少缺少原因状语：原因状语：“为什么为什么.”连接副词：在从句中充当方式、地点、原因、时间状语表语从句中表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少方成分完整，缺少方式状语：式状语：“如何如何”表语从句中表语从句中SV成分完整成分完整,缺少时缺少时间状语：间状语：“.的时候的时候”why表语从句中表语从句中SV成分完整，缺少成分完整，缺少地点状语：地点状语：“.的地方的地方”Explore：Observe and think1.One theory was t
22、hat bad air caused the disease.2.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and water.3.It seemed that the women liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.4.The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected
23、by waste.What meanings and functions do these predicative clauses communicate in each sentence?Explore：Observe and think1.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food and water.3.It seemed that the women liked the water from
24、the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.4.The truth was that water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Predicative Clauses are often used:1.to directly explain or emphasize what the Subject is in greater detail.2.function as a Complement(补语)to the Subject.
25、Practice:Complete the following questions by using predicative clauses and figure out what meanings and functions they communicate.EXAMPLE What was it that John Snow showed to the world?What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.1.What was Snows discovery in two particular
26、streets in London?Snows discovery in two particular streets in London was that _.2.What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London?What Snow was determined to find out was why _.3.What were the exact places Snow marked on the map?The exact places Snow marked on the
27、 map were where _.4.What was the finding that Snow announced?Snows finding was that _.Practice:Complete the following questions by using predicative clauses and figure out what meanings and functions they communicate.the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten daysthe ch
28、olera outbreak had caused more than 500 people died in ten daysall those who died had livedthe pump water carried cholera germsApply：Use the target structure in contextDavid is talking to Maria about their scientific research project.l First,complete Davids lines(A-E),using the words in the box;A:Ab
29、solutely!You may not believe it,but that was _happened at the initial(初始的)stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B:Yes,it is.And it seemed _ all the theories were useful,but the fact was _ we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.C:Exactly.The
30、 problem was not about _ all our theories were equally good,but in deciding _ theory to depend upon.D:We realized that what we cared about was not _ aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather _ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!E:Youre right.At last,we became fo
31、cused on the key issue,which was _we had to carry out the research in the first place.A:Absolutely!You may not believe it,but that was _happened at the initial(初始的)stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B:Yes,it is.And it seemed _ all the theories were useful,but the fact w
32、as _ we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.C:Exactly!The problem was not about _ all our theories were equally good,but in deciding _ theory to depend upon.D:We realized that what we cared about was not _ aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather _ we can r
33、educe the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!E:Youre right.At last,we became focused on the key issue,which was _we had to carry out the research in the first place.whatas ifthatwhetherwhich/whatwhat/whichhowwhyl First,complete Davids lines(A-E),using the words in the box;l Then put David
34、s lines in the correct order.A:Absolutely!You may not believe it,but that was what happened at the initial(初始的)stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B:Yes,it is.And it seemed as if all the theories were useful,but the fact was that we couldnt persuade one another that one
35、theory was better than another.C:Exactly.The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally good,but in deciding what/which theory to depend upon.D:We realized that what we cared about was not what/which aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather how we can reduce the cost of a
36、vaccine without reducing its effect!E:Youre right.At last,we became focused on the key issue,which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place.Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_Maria:With your theoretical framework?Davi
37、d:_Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:_Maria:This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.David:_Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_l Then put Davids lines in the correct order.A:Absolutely!You may not believe it,but that wa
38、s what happened at the initial(初始的)stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B:Yes,it is.And it seemed as if all the theories were useful,but the fact was that we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.C:Exactly!The problem was not about whether a
39、ll our theories were equally good,but in deciding what/which theory to depend upon.D:We realized that what we cared about was not what/which aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather how we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!E:Youre right.At last,we became focused
40、on the key issue,which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place.Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:_Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:_Ma
41、ria:This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.David:_Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_A：“initial stage”(logical connector)C：“deciding what theory to depend upon”-“Deciding on a theory”(lexical connectors)B：“couldnt persuade one another”-“this”(grammatica
42、l connector)E：“At last”-“in the end”(logical connectors)D：a possible answer to the Wh-question(grammatical connector)l Answer the comprehension questions by using predicative clauses.Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:Absolutely!You may
43、not believe it,but that was what happened at the initial stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:Exactly The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally good,but in deciding what/which theory to depend upon.Maria:De
44、ciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:Yes,it is.And it seemed as if all the theories were useful,but the fact was that we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.Maria:This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work
45、.David:Youre right.At last,we became focused on the key issue,which was why we had to carry out the research in the first place.Maria:So what happened in the end?David:We realized that what we cared about was not what/which aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather how we can reduce the cos
46、t of a vaccine without reducing its effect!Q1:What was Davids groups research?Q2:What was the problem?Q3:What was the key issue?Q4:What did they care about?A:Davids groups research was that they wanted to develop a vaccine for malaria.A:The problem was that they had to decide which/what theory to de
47、pend upon.A:The key issue was why they had to carry out the research in the first place.A:What they cared about was how they can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect.A recap of predicative clausesl Form:Subject+Linking verbs+subordinating conjunction+other elementsl Functions:Pre
48、dicative Clauses are often used to directly explain or emphasize what the Subject is in greater detail and function as a Complement(补语)to the Subject.l Usages:Complete Exercise 2 in Assessing Your Progress on P10.AssignmentAssignment2.Complete Exercise 2 of Using Structures in Workbook on P62.THANK YOU!
