1、2020高考英语外刊学习专题（八）：新型冠状病毒（来自CNN）By b&fWuhan coronavirus continues its global spread with more than 6,000 casesBy Helen Regan, Jessie Yeung and Steve George2020/1/29What will it take to stop the Wuhan coronavirus from spreading around the world?怎样才能阻止武汉冠状病毒在全世界的传播？By Julia HollingsworthHong Kong (CNN)
2、 The outbreak of the Wuhan coronavirus in central China has infected thousands and spread overseas, raising the specter of a potential global epidemic as authorities desperately try to contain it.香港（CNN） 中国中部的武汉冠状病毒疫情已经感染了数千人，并蔓延到海外，这加剧了全球潜在疫情的幽灵，当局正竭力试图控制疫情。Since the first case was identified in ea
3、rly December in Wuhan, capital of Hubei province, more than5,900 people have fallen sick and at least 132 people have died in mainland China. In addition, there are dozens of confirmed cases in 17 locations outside of mainland China, including at least five in the United States.自12月初湖北省省会武汉市发现首例病例以来
4、，中国大陆已有5900多人患病，至少132人死亡。此外，中国大陆以外的17个地点有数十例确诊病例，其中至少5例在美国。The number of total cases worldwide now exceeds 6,000.目前，全世界病例总数已超过6 000例。The world has never had more advanced medical science, but its also never been so interconnected.So what can be done to stop it from becoming a global epidemic?世界从未有过更
5、先进的医学科学，但它也从未如此相互关联。那么，可以做些什么来阻止它成为一种全球流行病呢？Theres still plenty we dont know about the virus, known officially as 2019-nCov, but Chinese authorities believe that it is spreading human to human, and that people can be infected before symptoms show.关于这种病毒，我们仍有很多我们不知道，官方名称为2019-nCov，但中国当局认为，它正在向人类传播，人们
6、可以在症状出现之前被感染。The World Health Organization (WHO) has stopped short of calling it a global health emergency, but theres no disputing that it is spreading. Over the weekend, Chinese President Xi Jinping warned the outbreak is accelerating.世界卫生组织（WHO）已经停止称其为全球卫生紧急情况，但毫无疑问，它正在蔓延。上周末，中国国家主席习近平警告说，疫情正在加速。
7、Life is of paramount importance. When an epidemic breaks out, a command is issued. It is our responsibility to prevent and control it, he said, according to Chinese state media.生命是最重要的。当流行病发生时，将发出命令。我们的责任是预防和控制它，他说，根据中国官方媒体。First things first. How bad is it?先说重要的。它到底有多糟？Although its scary to think o
8、f a deadly virus spreading, its important to remember that the vast majority of cases so far have not been fatal.虽然想到一种致命的病毒传播是可怕的，但重要的是要记住，到目前为止，绝大多数病例并没有致命。The mortality rate is changing as the numbers of people affected change. As of Tuesday, Wuhan coronavirus mortality rate was about 2.3%. By co
9、mparison, the WHO estimated that the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak of 2003 had an overall fatality ratio of 9.6%. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) - another type of coronavirus - has a mortality rate of 35%.死亡率随着受影响人数的变化而变化。截至周二，武汉冠状病毒的死亡率约为2.3%。相比之下，世界卫生组织估计，二零零三年爆发的严重急性呼
10、吸系统综合症（SARS）总死亡率为9.6%。中东呼吸系统综合症（MERS）是另一种冠状病毒，死亡率为35%。However a large proportion of the coronavirus cases are considered severe and very few people have so far been released from hospital after recovering, according to official numbers.然而，根据官方数据，大部分冠状病毒病例被认为是严重的，到目前为止，只有极少数人在康复后出院。So how are doctors
11、 treating it?那么医生是如何治疗的呢？There are no specific treatments for coronaviruses, which range from the common cold to SARS. But just like the common cold, doctors can treat the symptoms, said Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, head of the WHOs emerging diseases and zoonoses unit. 没有针对冠状病毒的具体治疗方法，从普通感冒到SARS。但是，就像普通感
12、冒一样，医生可以治疗这些症状， 世卫组织新发疾病和人畜共患组负责人玛丽亚范克尔霍夫博士说。David Heymann, the WHOs Assistant Director-General for Health Security and Environment, said doctors would be making sure patients can breathe properly and give them life support if required. Aside from that, the benefit of keeping people in hospital woul
13、d be isolating them from the general population, so they cant infect others.世卫组织负责卫生安全和环境的助理总干事大卫海曼（David Heymann）表示，医生将确保患者能够正常呼吸，并在必要时给予他们生命支持。除此之外，让人们住院的好处是把他们与一般人群隔离开来，这样他们就不会感染其他人。What else can doctors do?医生还能做什么？The way to stop an outbreak is to work out who a patient has had contact with, and
14、 try to stop them from spreading the virus, Heymann said.海曼说，阻止疫情爆发的方法是找出病人曾与谁接触过的人，并设法阻止他们传播病毒。Doctors put all the contacts the patient has had recently under fever surveillance, he said. If those contacts develop a fever, then they are immediately tested for the virus - and then their contacts nee
15、d to be traced. Hospitals must follow good practice, so that doctors themselves are not helping the disease.他说，医生把病人最近接触过的所有接触者置于发烧监测之下。如果这些接触者出现发烧，那么他们立即接受病毒检测，然后需要追踪他们的接触者。医院必须遵循良好的做法，这样医生自己就不会帮助疾病。By tracing contacts, identifying new cases, isolating new cases, you can interrupt transmission even
16、tually, he said, adding that was how the 2003 SARS outbreak was brought under control. Those are the things you can do - clean up hospital practices, make sure that theyre done well so that you dont transmit in hospitals, and at the same time, make sure that youre tracing contacts and identifying al
17、l cases.通过追踪接触者、识别新病例、隔离新病例，你最终可以阻断传播，他说，并补充说，这就是2003年SARS疫情得到控制的方式。这些是你可以做的事情清理医院的做法，确保它们做得好，这样您就不会在医院里传播，同时，确保你追踪接触者并识别所有病例。What about travel bans? 关于旅行禁令呢？Authorities in Hong Kong, which borders mainland China, have established travel bans, telling residents of Hubei and those who have visited th
18、e province in the past 14 days that they cant enter the city. Theyve also said that all public, cultural and leisure facilities will be closed until further notice in a move to control the spread of Wuhan coronavirus. On Tuesday, Hong Kong announced it was closing many of its borders with mainland C
19、hina. 与中国大陆接壤的香港当局已经制定了旅行禁令，告诉湖北居民和过去14天来湖北旅游的人，他们不能进入该市。他们还表示，为了控制武汉冠状病毒的传播，直到另行通知，所有公共、文化和休闲设施都将关闭。周二，香港宣布关闭许多与中国大陆的边界。In mainland China, isolation has been taken to another level.在中国大陆，孤立已经转移到了另一个层次。Chinese authorities have shut down transport in and out of Wuhan and at least 10 other cities, eff
20、ectively quarantining millions of people. Wuhans mayor, Zhou Xianwang, told state broadcaster CCTV on Monday that even though history may not remember the move kindly, we think as long as its good for the control of the epidemic and peoples safety, we are willing to take any responsibilities for loc
21、king down the city.中国当局已经关闭了进出武汉和至少10个城市的交通，有效地隔离了数百万人。武汉市市长周贤旺周一对中央电视台说，尽管历史可能不记得这一举动，我们认为只要对疫情的控制和人民安全有好处，我们愿意承担任何责任来封锁这座城市。Peter Daszak, president of non-profit EcoHealth Alliance, which researches emerging infectious diseases, hailed the move as bold, saying it was not without political risks bu
22、t might be enough to help stop coronavirus spreading.研究新发传染病的非营利性生态健康联盟主席彼得达萨克（Peter Daszak）称赞此举是大胆的，称此举并非没有政治风险，但可能足以帮助阻止冠状病毒的传播。Its a move thats never been done before at such magnitude - and it has prompted criticism from some experts.此举以前从未像现在这样严重，并引发了一些专家的批评。There were smaller quarantines durin
23、g the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, but those led to violent protests and a distrust of public health authorities, said Lawrence Gostin, a professor of global health law at Georgetown University and director of the WHOs Center on Global Health Law, adding that the move could even hamper the ou
24、tbreak response. 乔治敦大学全球卫生法教授、世卫组织全球卫生法中心主任劳伦斯戈斯丁（Lawrence Gostin）表示，在2014年西非埃博拉疫情期间，检疫范围较小，但导致暴力抗议和对公共卫生当局的不信任。Others have cautioned that it may be unwise for logistical issues. Wuhan health authorities earlier said local hospitals are overwhelmed, and the city plans to build two more hospitals wit
25、hin days.其他人则警告说，在后勤问题上，这可能不明智。武汉卫生当局早些时候表示，当地医院不堪重负，该市计划在几天内再建两所医院。The health risks for people in the city depends on how theyre closing it down, said Heymann, referring to food and medical supplies. Even so, the move would hopefully decrease the number of cases that made it to other countries, he
26、added.海曼说：城市人民的健康风险取决于他们如何关闭它， 海曼说，他指的是食品和医疗用品。即便如此，此举有望减少前往其他国家的病例数量，他补充说。What about vaccines?那么疫苗呢？Last century, smallpox killed about 300 million people, according to the World Economic Forum. Thanks to vaccines, it became the first deadly disease to be completely wiped out.据世界经济论坛称，上世纪天花造成约3亿人死亡
27、。多亏了疫苗，它成为了第一个完全消灭的致命疾病。So its no surprise that scientists would want to develop a vaccine for the Wuhan coronavirus. According to Daszak, there are already vaccine candidates - and scientists around the world are working towards developing one.因此，科学家希望研制出一种武汉冠状病毒疫苗也就不足为奇了。据Daszak说，已经有疫苗候选者，世界各地的科学家
28、正在努力开发疫苗。But even if scientists do successfully develop a vaccine, it might not be ready in time to treat this outbreak.但是，即使科学家成功地研制出一种疫苗，它也可能不能及时准备好治疗这次疫情。According to Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the US National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, it will take a few months until the
29、first phase of clinical trials begin - and then more than a year until a vaccine might be available.据美国国家过敏和传染病研究所所长安东尼福奇博士介绍，第一阶段的临床试验需要几个月，然后一年多时间才能找到疫苗。Heymann, from the WHO, said its highly unlikely that any vaccines that come up for study during this outbreak would be available anytime soon.来自世
30、界卫生组织的海曼说，在这次疫情期间，任何用于研究的疫苗都不太可能很快上市。Theyll be available if this outbreak continues for any long period of time, but nobody knows what will happen to this outbreak, Heymann said.海曼说：如果这次疫情持续很长时间，它们就会出现，但没有人知道这次疫情会发生什么。Even then, a vaccine cant be used to treat people with the virus - it can only be
31、given to people who havent already been exposed to it.即便如此，疫苗也不能用于治疗病毒患者，只能给那些尚未接触过这种病毒的人。Should the WHO declare a global health emergency?世卫组织是否应该宣布全球卫生紧急状态？So far, the WHO has decided not to declare a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) - although Dr. Takeshi Kasai, the WHOs r
32、egional director for the Western Pacific, warned it may yet become one.到目前为止，世卫组织决定不宣布国际关注的突发公共卫生事件（PHEIC）尽管世卫组织西太平洋区域主任Takeshi Kasai博士警告说，它可能尚未成为一个。A PHEIC is defined as something that constitutes a public health risk to other states due to the speed of it spreading overseas, which requires a coord
33、inated international response. If a PHEIC is declared, all WHO member states must abide by the WHO Emergency Committees recommendations.PHEIC被定义为由于它传播到海外的速度而对其他国家构成公共卫生风险的东西，这需要协调的国际反应。如果宣布使用PHEIC，世卫组织所有成员国必须遵守世卫组织突发事件委员会的建议。Last week, the WHO said that while the outbreak was serious in China, it ha
34、d not yet hit a global level. But the WHO may also be concerned about creating unnecessary panic.上周，世界卫生组织表示，虽然疫情在中国很严重，但还没有达到全球水平。但世卫组织可能也担心造成不必要的恐慌。During the SARS outbreak that infected more than 8,000 people and killed 774 around the world between November 2002 and July 2003, the WHO warned visi
35、tors not to travel to Hong Kong. In May 2003, the WHO withdrew that advisory, but Hong Kong remained on a list of affected areas until June 23, 2003.在2002年11月至2003年7月期间，全球有8000多人感染SARS疫情，造成774人死亡，世卫组织警告游客不要前往香港。2003年5月，世界卫生组织撤销了这一通报，但香港在2003年6月23日之前仍被列入受影响地区名单。Some considered that move to be an over
36、reaction, according to a paper published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine in August 2003.根据2003年8月发表在英国皇家医学会杂志上的一篇论文，一些人认为此举是一种过度反应。In some circles, the WHO is perceived to have overreacted to the epidemic, causing unnecessary panic on the international scene and putting unjustified b
37、arriers in the way of persons from infected areas wishing to attend such events as business exhibitions or international sports activities, the paper said.在一些圈子里，世卫组织被认为对疫情反应过度，在国际舞台上造成不必要的恐慌，对希望参加商业展览或此类活动等受感染地区的人设置不合理的障碍。国际体育活动，该报说。So what can the public do? Are masks useful?那么，公众能做些什么呢？面具有用吗？Mask
38、s are being used so widely in Hong Kong and mainland China that stocks are running low.口罩在香港和中国大陆被广泛使用，以至于库存不断走低。Wearing masks is now mandatory for those going out in public in Wuhan. The Chinese central government has asked manufacturers of medical face masks to resume production over the Lunar New
39、 Year period. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, 30 factories have resumed production and are making 8 million masks each day. 在武汉，在公共场合外出的人必须戴口罩。中国中央政府已要求医用口罩制造商在农历新年期间恢复生产。据工业和信息化部称，已有30家工厂恢复生产，每天生产800万个口罩。Students disinfect their hands with an alcohol solution befor
40、e entering class at a school in Phnom Penh, Cambodia on January 28, 2020.But its still unclear how the virus is spread, or whether masks would stop it, Heymann said.但目前还不清楚病毒是如何传播的，或者口罩是否能阻止它，海曼说。Theres no evidence that its circulating in a way that could prevent it, he said. And even if the disease
41、 can spread through the air, masks might not be entirely effective. Masks are very tricky to wear, he added, explaining that if there is an air gap in the mask, it wont work.没有证据表明，它流通的方式，可以阻止它，他说。即使这种疾病能通过空气传播，口罩可能也并非完全有效。面罩很难戴，他补充说，并解释说，如果面罩上有气隙，它就不会工作。What else can be done?还能做什么？Experts say there
42、 is one simple thing you can do: wash your hands.专家说，你可以做一件简单的事：洗手。The WHOs Van Kerkhove said she recommends washing hands with soap and water and sneezing into your elbow, if you have to sneeze. 世界卫生组织的范克霍夫说，如果你不得不打喷嚏，她建议用肥皂和水洗手，打喷嚏。An official checks the temperature of a passenger in front of a tr
43、ain ticket gate at Beijing international airport on January 27, 2020, amid the outbreak of a novel coronavirus.2020年1月27日，北京国际机场列车检票口前，一名官员检查一名乘客体温，当一种新型冠状病毒爆发。Informing people about what to look out for is also vital, according to Heymann. If a person who is asymptomatic shows up in an airport, the
44、y may not be picked up by authorities who are only screening for fever.海曼说，告诉人们要关注什么也是至关重要的。如果无症状者出现在机场，则当局可能不会接他们，因为当局只进行发烧筛查。A border doesnt stop infections, people can cross borders while theyre in the incubation period. So screening will pick out some, but it certainly wont get others, Heymann said.边界不能阻止感染，人们可以在潜伏期跨越边界。因此，筛选会挑选出一些，但它肯定不会得到其他人，海曼说。So whats important at screening is to tell people, not only were taking your temperature. But giving them some kind of notification about where they go should they get a fever.因此，在筛查中，重要的是告诉人们，不仅仅是我们正在摄取体温。但是，给他们一些通知，他们去哪里，如果他们发烧。7 / 7
