1、Unit 4Stage and screen 动词ing形式作状语现在分词作状语的用法非谓语动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词to do、doing、doneI like learn English.I like learning English.（动名词）I like to learn English.（不定式）doing现在分词、动名词I like reading books.I am reading books.现在分词doing时态，正在进行；语态，主动状语，句子完整，为了补充信息表时间，原因，条件，结果，方式，伴随状况等1、时间状语eg.Walking in the park，s
2、he saw an old friend.When/While(she was)walking in the park，she saw an old friend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2、原因状语eg.Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over.=As I dont know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.由于不知道她的
3、地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。3、条件状语eg.Working hard，youll surely succeed.If you work hard，youll surely succeed.如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。4、结果状语eg.The plate dropped from her hands，breaking into pieces.The plate dropped from her hands，and broke into pieces.盘子从她手中掉了下来，摔成了碎片。现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有
4、时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。eg.He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5、让步状语eg.Having been told many times，he still didnt learn these rules by heart.Although he had been told many times，he still
5、 didnt learn these rules by heart.尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。6、伴随状语eg.Morris lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time.Morris lay on the grass，and stared at the sky for a long time.莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。The boy sat in front of the farmhouse,cutting the branches.The boy sat in front of the farmhouse
6、，and cut the branches.那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。7、方式状语eg.He came running back to tell me the news.他跑回来告诉我这个消息。动词ing形式作状语时，相当于与之对应的状语从句，但是当作伴随状语及结果状语时，可转化为并列谓语。现在分词作状语的注意事项1、现在分词的时态 现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。1）当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。eg.Walking in the street，I met an old frien
7、d of mine.我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)2）当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。eg.Having finished the letter，he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)2、现在分词的语态 使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。eg.Having been shown around the factory，they were very happ
8、y.(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his homework，he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。Having tried many times，he still couldnt overcome his difficulties.(现在分词的主动式)尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未克服困难。3、动词ing形式的否定式notv.ing;not havingv.edeg.Not knowing what to do，the children had to wait for their parents to com
9、e back.不知道要做什么，孩子们只好等他们的母亲回来。Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4、独立主格 动词ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。eg.The trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.那些树非常高，其中一些测量为90多米。The weather being fine，we went out for a walk.由于天气好，我们去散步了。Class is over！Please finish your homework carefully.
