1、（madeofdingshangtuwenmadeofdingshangtuwen）Reading TwinsThey are born naturally and identical in sex and appearance.A strawberry plantThe new plants that grow from the runners are exact copies of the original plant.一株草莓依靠它沿地一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走爬走”的匍匐茎的匍匐茎,一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗。富贵竹插枝即活富贵竹插枝即活The gardener
2、 should cut the plant,then the cutting produce another new plant.1996 cloning sheeps2001 cloning cattle我国成功繁殖克隆兔我国成功繁殖克隆兔 体形要比普通兔大许多体形要比普通兔大许多2002年年5月月中旬成功地中旬成功地繁殖了一只繁殖了一只胚胎细胞胚胎细胞克隆兔。克隆兔。2002 cloning cats2002年年4月十六月十六日美国第一头日美国第一头克隆牛克隆牛“艾米艾米”产下牛犊喜作产下牛犊喜作妈咪妈咪。2005 cloning dogsIn pairs discuss what you
3、 understand about cloning.Then list the questions you want to find out.Share your lists with one another.Pre-reading 1.What is a clone?A clone is an animal or a plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it.2.How is a clone produced？
4、The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy.It can be done by taking cuttings(man-made cloning)or letting the produce its own runners(natural cloning).The cloning of animals is more complicated.It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.3.What benefits can hum
5、ans gain from cloning？Medical cloning can help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life(such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease).It can help infertile people have babies.4.What problems may arise when humans are cloned?People may want to clone themselves so they can live foreve
6、r.People may want to clone dead children.People may want to clone their favourite pets.1.What is the main topic?A.Cloning.B.Dolly the sheep.C.It will lead us to some places.2.What is the writing style?A.Expositive(说明性的说明性的).B.Descriptive.C.Argumentative(议论性的议论性的).A A Learning tips:The passage is wri
7、tten in the expositive style.That is to say the text is in the third person and in factual and formal language.It gives different points of view and does not try to persuade the reader to make up his/her own mind.3.Dolly the sheep _.A.looked exactly like the sheep that provides the egg.B.was the exa
8、ct copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus.C.looked like the sheep that gave birth to it.D.had the characteristics of all three sheep.B 4.It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_.A.usually lives as long as the original one B.usually lives longer than the original one C.usually d
9、ies earlier than the original one D.is usually as healthy as the original oneC 5.Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning?A.Cloning can be used for medical purposes.B.Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning.C.Cloning can help keep animals from becoming extinct.D.Famous perso
10、ns who have passed away can be cloned.D 6.Which of the following is wrong?A.Cloned people would live forever.B.Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid.C.A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband.D.Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husban
11、d.D 7.Which statement is NOT true?A.Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently.B.Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.C.Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money.D.Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.A 8.The cloning of Dolly th
12、e sheep succeeded because _.A.its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B.the scientists were determined and worked hard with patienceC.the scientists were rewarded and got lots of moneyD.many other attempts to clone mammals failedB 9.The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because _.A.it
13、provides the egg cell B.it gives birth to the lamb C.it provides the nucleus D.it is a female sheep10.The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years.A.3 B.6 C.9 D.12C D 11.The main idea of the text is _ A.animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world.B.animal cloning
14、 could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden.C.animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born.D.animal cloning raised arguments and scientists are not sure about its future.D 12.Which of the follow is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text?A.Evil leade
15、rs may want to clone themselves.B.Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals.C.There are moral objections to cloning human beings.D.Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.D 13.We can infer from the last three parag
16、raphs that _.A.the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species.B.Dollys serious disease and final death disturbed the whole world.C.Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists.D.there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about th
17、e future of cloning.D Careful reading The main idea of each paragraph.1.Cloning is _ _ 2.Cloning has _ uses.3.The _ of Dolly.4.The _ of clonging in society.5.The attitudes towards cloning.a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant.problemstwo majoreffectIt happens both in _ and in _.T
18、hey can be cloned by _ and _.plantsanimalsthemselveshumansNatural cloneMan-made clonePara 1:The definition of cloning1.How many major uses do cloning have?Firstly,commercial Secondly,research2.How many female sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep?3.When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep b
19、orn?3Para 2:The major uses and procedures of cloning1996About Dolly the sheepEncouraging news:Dolly developed _.Disturbing news:normally Dolly lived for six years and a half years,half the length of the life of the originalone.Para 3:The problems of DollyThe word“controversial”in Para 4 probably mea
20、ns _.A.complicated B.arguable C.important Para 4:The impact of DollyB True or false:1.People feared that Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world.2.All the research into human beings will be forbidden.3.Some countries will use cloning in a wise way.Para 5:Peoples reaction to cloningMany governments
21、 forbade research into human beings.T T F Hitler:an evil leader意大利狂人医生意大利狂人医生:安蒂诺里安蒂诺里冒死也要克隆人的冒死也要克隆人的科学家科学家:布瓦瑟利耶布瓦瑟利耶1 Read the passage and answer these questions.Comprehending 1.What are the two major uses of cloning?The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants.The second is to res
22、earch on new plants species and do medical research on animals.2.Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones?Cloning plants is straightforward,but the cloning of animals is very complicated.3.What was the first clone from an adult animal?At what age did this clone die?4.Why i
23、s cloning controversial in some countries?The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep.She died in 2003.Cloning is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.Problems or dangers of cloningAdvantages of cloningAnimals may Develop the illnesses of older animals.2 Fill
24、in the chart.Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans.Animal clones may die younger than the donor animalsEvil leader may want to clone themselves.There are moral objections to cloning human beings.Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.Cloning plant
25、s can be useful for research on new plant species.Cloning can help save endangered animals.3 What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage?Is it in favour of cloning or against it?I think the writer is because impartialhe/she does not state any personal opinion about cloning
26、.1.Do you support the idea of producing human embryos(胚胎胚胎)for medical purposes?Why?2.Do you think it a good idea to use cloned humans for organ(器官器官)transplants?Why?3.Do you think a cloned human should have human rights?Why?4.Do you think cloned humans will have the same talents as the original one
27、s?Why?DiscussionAs a coin has two sides,everything has two aspects.First,if the cloning is used in a correct way it can bring many conveniences to us.Such as:curing serious illnesses and being used to produce commercial qualities of plants.On the other hand,if the cloning is used in an evil way it c
28、an cause much troubles:such as moral questions.Practice activity:Debate Are you in favor of cloning or against cloning?What is your point of view on it?1.This happens in plants when gardeners take when twins identical in sex and 1)“when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones,wh
29、en twins identical in是两个时间状语从句。是两个时间状语从句。when引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与引导的时间状语从句中从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生主句的动作同时发生,也可以先于主句的动作。也可以先于主句的动作。Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed.(03,全国全国)A.unless B.since C.although D.whenD 2)happen vi.occur by chance;take place (偶然地偶然地)发生发生;出现出现 happen to do happen to sb.I
30、t happened that happening n.事件事件;偶然发生的事偶然发生的事(常用复数常用复数)辨析辨析:happen,occur,take place与与come about四词都有四词都有“发生发生”之意之意,但有区别。但有区别。happen 是一般用语是一般用语,词义较广词义较广,强调事情强调事情 发生的偶然性发生的偶然性;occur 用法较正式用法较正式,既可以指自然发生既可以指自然发生,也也 可以指有意安排。可以指有意安排。碰巧碰巧(某人某人)发生什么事了发生什么事了碰巧碰巧1)When did the explosion _?2)Important elections
31、 _ this fall.3)The concert will _ next Sunday.4)How did the quarrel _?occurtake placecome abouthappenUse the above words to fill the blanks.take place 一般指有计划一般指有计划,按事先安排的按事先安排的 进行的含义。进行的含义。come about 往往注重事情发生的原因往往注重事情发生的原因,常常 与与how 连用。连用。以上四组词均为不及物动词以上四组词均为不及物动词,无被动语态。无被动语态。2.straightforward adj.简单的
32、简单的,易懂的，易懂的，坦诚的坦诚的,坦率的坦率的straightforwardly adv.率直地率直地,坦诚地坦诚地straightforwardness n.率直率直Jack is rough,but always straightforward.Installing the program is relatively straightforward.She admired his straightforwardness.3.undertake vt.(undertook;undertaken)着手做着手做,从事从事,进行进行;担任担任,承担承担,答应答应,同意。同意。The proce
33、dure is difficult to undertake,of course.当然当然,这个过程很难实施。这个过程很难实施。The scientist undertakes the experiment.科学家从事这项实验。科学家从事这项实验。I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.我愿意承担这些变革的责任。我愿意承担这些变革的责任。完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1)The lawyer _ a new case.那个律师接了一个新的案子。那个律师接了一个新的案子。2)He will _ _ _ next month (去旅行去旅
34、行).3)He _ _ _ _.(承担一项新任务承担一项新任务)undertookundertook a new taskundertake a jorney4.pay off (事业、计划等事业、计划等)成功成功;付清薪水并付清薪水并 解雇解雇;偿还偿还(债务等债务等)。At last the determination and patience of scientists paid off.最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报最终科学家们的决心和耐心得到了回报.He paid off the crew of the ship.他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇。他付清全体船员的工资并将他们解雇
35、。In the end he paid off all his debts.最终他还清了所有的债务。最终他还清了所有的债务。pay back 报答报答;报复报复用介词用介词back,off,to,填空填空:1)-Your effort is sure to pay_.-Thank you for your encouragement2)The supermarket _ which he had ever paid a visit,was burnt to the ground.3)How can I pay you _ for all your kindness?4)Well,after t
36、hese years,weve at last paid _ all our debts.offtobackoff1)contain v.包含包含,含有含有2)needed to produce a new sheep 为过去分词为过去分词 短语作后置定语短语作后置定语,修饰其前面的名词修饰其前面的名词genes,构成动宾搭配关系。构成动宾搭配关系。5.The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep.这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的这个细胞的细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的 必需的基因
37、。必需的基因。辨析辨析:contain 与与 include contain“包含包含,含有含有”,侧重于包含的内容或侧重于包含的内容或 成分成分,“里面装有里面装有”;include“包括包括”,侧重范围或整体。侧重范围或整体。e.g.1)Whisky _ a large percentage of alcohol.2)The book _ forty maps,_ three of Great Britain.containscontainsincluding6.The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joine
38、d using electricity.从绵羊从绵羊B中取出的细胞核与从绵羊中取出的细胞核与从绵羊A中取出中取出 的卵细胞用电流使之结合。的卵细胞用电流使之结合。1)using electricity 为现在分词短语作方式状语。为现在分词短语作方式状语。2)联手联手,携手携手 参加活动参加活动 和某人一起做事和某人一起做事 参军参军,连起来连起来join handsjoin in sth./doing sth join sb.in sth.join up辨析辨析:take part in,join,join in 与与 attendtake part in 指参加某项活动指参加某项活动,并以积
39、极的态度并以积极的态度 在所参加的活动中起作用；在所参加的活动中起作用；join “加入加入”团体或组织；团体或组织；join in 指参加活动和游戏；指参加活动和游戏；join sb.in sth.和某人一起做某事；和某人一起做某事；attend 参加会议参加会议(听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼)7.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.多莉看来是在正常地成长着多莉看来是在正常地成长着,这很令人鼓舞。这很令人鼓舞。“that she seemed to develop normal
40、ly”是同位语是同位语从句。从句。同位语从句可由同位语从句可由when/where/how/why/that/whether等词引导。先行词多半是等词引导。先行词多半是idea/fact/news/hope/belief/thought/doubt/question等。等。同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后同位语从句一般放在抽象名词之后,用以说明用以说明抽象名词的具体内容抽象名词的具体内容,有时为了保持句子的有时为了保持句子的平衡平衡,同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。如如:Soon word came that we won.8.Then came the dist
41、urbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。然后传来了多莉病重的坏消息。本句中本句中,副词副词then放于句首放于句首,主语是名词主语是名词“news”,“that Dolly had become seriously ill”是同位语是同位语从句从句,句子用了倒装语序。句子用了倒装语序。In the dark forests _,some large enough to hold several English towns.(05,辽宁辽宁)A.stand many lakes B.lie many lakesC
42、.many lakes lie D.many lakes standB disturbing adj.The news from the front is very disturbing.来自前线的消息令人极为不安。来自前线的消息令人极为不安。disturb vt.扰乱扰乱,使不安使不安,弄乱弄乱;disturbed adj.被扰乱的被扰乱的,动乱的动乱的,不安的；不安的；disturbing adj.令人不安的。令人不安的。特别提示特别提示:现在分词表示现在分词表示:令人怎么样令人怎么样 过去分词表示过去分词表示:被使得怎么样被使得怎么样,感到怎么样感到怎么样如如:an interestin
43、g story 令人感兴趣的故事令人感兴趣的故事 an interested look 感到兴趣的表情感到兴趣的表情 surprised people (感到感到)惊奇的人们惊奇的人们用用disturb,disturbing,disturbed填空。填空。1)Im very _ about Alice.2)Dont _ the papers on my desk.3)This country is in a _ state.4)What _ news it is!5)A light wind _ the surface of the water.disturbeddisturbdisturbi
44、ngdisturbingdisturbed9.cast down 使沮丧使沮丧;毁掉毁掉(常用于被动语态或常用于被动语态或作表语作表语)Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.克隆科学家克隆科学家沮丧地沮丧地发现多莉的病发现多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上。更容易在年老的羊身上。不要这么沮丧不要这么沮丧,打起精神来！打起精神来！Dont be so cast down.Just keep up your spirits.cas
45、t away 丢弃丢弃 cast off 放弃放弃;丢弃丢弃cast out 赶走赶走将下列句子译成英语。将下列句子译成英语。1)听到这个消息他很沮丧。听到这个消息他很沮丧。_2)发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。发现事情的真相使他很沮丧。_He was cast down to hear the news.Finding out the truth made him cast down.10.altogether 和和 all together 及及 together1)altogether adv.总共总共,完全地完全地,总之总之,总而言之总而言之You owe me 68 RMB altoget
46、her.Your work is altogether perfect.2)all together 全部在同一地方或同一时间全部在同一地方或同一时间Can you put your books all together in this box?3)together adv.在一起在一起,共同地共同地All his trouble seemed to come together.Hes bad-tempered,selfish and _ an unpopular man.A.therefore B.altogether C.otherwise D.anyhowB 11.object v.&o
47、bjection n.反对反对,不赞成不赞成On the other hand,Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面另一方面,多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对多莉的出现引来了巨大的反对,激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。激发了传媒的热炒和公众的想像力。I feel a strong objection to getting up early.我极不愿意早起。我极不愿意早起。Have you any objection t
48、o my opening the window?你反对我打开窗子吗你反对我打开窗子吗?object vi.We object to being treated like this.我们抗议这种待遇。我们抗议这种待遇。I object to the plan.我反对这项计划。我反对这项计划。object vt.I object that he is too young to take that position.我提出反对意见我提出反对意见:他太年轻不适合那个职位。他太年轻不适合那个职位。object to(doing)sth.object+that 从句从句objection是名词是名词,常与
49、常与have,take,feel 等连用等连用have/take/feel objection to(doing)sth.即时练习即时练习:句型转换句型转换(1)Have you any objection to my opening the window?=Would you _ _ my opening the window?(2)take objection to smoking.=I _ _ smoking.(3)“But he is too young,”she argued.=She _ that he was too young.object toobject toobjecte
50、d12.It suddenly opened everyones eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illness,and even to produce human beings.突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病突然每个人都看到了利用克隆技术治愈重病,甚至克隆出人的可能性。甚至克隆出人的可能性。本句中本句中of 和后面的动名词结构构成介词短语作和后面的动名词结构构成介词短语作定语定语,修饰前面的名词修饰前面的名词possibility.注意介词后出现动名词或动名词的复合结构时注意介词后出现动名词或动名词的复
