1、牛津译林版高中英语必修一课件Unit 1 Words制作者:桂东一中李宇平 1.potential|ptenl|1)n.A.U for(doing)sth:the possibility of sth.happening or being developed or used 可能性;潜在性可能性;潜在性 The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales.欧洲市场带来了扩销的大好机遇。欧洲市场带来了扩销的大好机遇。B.U 潜力;潜质潜力;潜质,=promise All children should
2、be encouraged to realize their full potential.应当鼓励应当鼓励所有的儿童充分发挥他们的潜能。所有的儿童充分发挥他们的潜能。She has great potential as an artist.她很有潜质,是一位可造就的艺术她很有潜质,是一位可造就的艺术家。家。He has the potential to become a world-class musician.他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。The house has a lot of potential.这所房子颇具潜力。这所房子颇具潜力。C.(物物)电位;电势;
3、电压电位;电势;电压 2)adj.只用于名词前只用于名词前 潜在的;可潜在的;可能的能的,=possible potential customers潜在的客户潜在的客户 First we need to identify actual and potential problems.首先,我们需要首先,我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。potentially|-li|adv.a potentially dangerous situation有潜在危险的局势有潜在危险的局势 2.senior|si:ni(r)|1)adj.A.(to sb)级别(或地位)高的级别(或地
4、位)高的 He is senior to me.他的职位比我高。他的职位比我高。(British English)Junior nurses usually work alongside more senior nurses.初级护士通常和较高级的护士一起初级护士通常和较高级的护士一起工作。工作。The meeting should be chaired by the most senior person present.会议应由在座的职位最高的人主持。会议应由在座的职位最高的人主持。反义词:反义词:junior B.只用于名词前只用于名词前 成人的;高级水平成人的;高级水平的的 to tak
5、e part in senior competitions 参加成人比赛参加成人比赛 He won the senior mens 400 metres.他获得男子甲组他获得男子甲组400米冠军。米冠军。C.Senior(abbr.Snr.,Sr)(父子同名时,(父子同名时,加在父亲的名字前)老,大加在父亲的名字前)老,大 D.只用于名词前只用于名词前(British English)(学校学校或其中一部分或其中一部分)(招收(招收11或或13岁以上学岁以上学生的)中等学校,中学部生的)中等学校,中学部 E.只用于名词前只用于名词前(North Amercian English)(高中或大学)
6、毕业年级的(高中或大学)毕业年级的 the senior prom prm 毕业年级舞会毕业年级舞会 2)n.A.较较年长的人年长的人 She was ten years his senior/junior.她比他大她比他大/小十岁。小十岁。My brother is my senior/junior by two years.我哥哥比我大我哥哥比我大/小两岁。小两岁。反义词:反义词:junior B.(especially North American English)=senior citizen资深公民,老年人(委婉资深公民,老年人(委婉说法,尤指退休者)说法,尤指退休者)C.级别(或地
7、位)较高者;上级;上级别(或地位)较高者;上级;上司司 She felt unappreciated both by her colleagues and her seniors.她觉得无论同事还是上司都不赏识她。她觉得无论同事还是上司都不赏识她。D.资深成人运动员;高水平运动员资深成人运动员;高水平运动员 tennis coaching for juniors and seniors初、高级网球运动员训练初、高级网球运动员训练 E.(British English)中学生;高年级中学生;高年级学生学生 F.(美国等若干国家高中和大学的)(美国等若干国家高中和大学的)毕业班学生毕业班学生 hi
8、gh school seniors高中毕业班学生高中毕业班学生 sophomoresfm:(r)(US)n.A.(大学)二年级学生(大学)二年级学生 B.(高中)二年级学生(高中)二年级学生 freshman|fremn|(pl.-men|-mn|)(especially North American English)(大学)一年级新生;(中学)九(大学)一年级新生;(中学)九年级学生年级学生 high school/college freshmen高中高中/大学一年级新生大学一年级新生 during my freshman year在我一年级期间在我一年级期间 junior duni(r)(
9、中学或大学的)(中学或大学的)三年级学生三年级学生 3.path|p:;美美 p|n.A.小路;小径小路;小径 Follow the path through the woods.沿着这条小路穿过树林。沿着这条小路穿过树林。The path led up a steep hill.小路通向一座陡峭的山丘。小路通向一座陡峭的山丘。footpath(尤指乡间的)人行小道(尤指乡间的)人行小道 B.路线;道路路线;道路,=way The path before you leads you to a world full of challenges:a new environment,new know
10、ledge and new ways of thinking.在你面前的道路把你带到一个充满在你面前的道路把你带到一个充满挑战的世界挑战的世界:一个新的环境,新的知一个新的环境,新的知识和新的思维方式。识和新的思维方式。flight path(飞机的)飞行路线,航迹(飞机的)飞行路线,航迹 C.行动计划;成功的途径行动计划;成功的途径 a career path职业道路职业道路 the path to success成功之道成功之道 beat a path to sbs door使门庭若市;使门庭若市;蜂拥而至;使成注意焦点蜂拥而至;使成注意焦点 lead sb up/down the gar
11、den path给某给某人误导的信息(或提示);误导某人人误导的信息(或提示);误导某人=mislead cross sbs path|peoples paths cross偶然相遇;不期而遇;邂逅偶然相遇;不期而遇;邂逅 I hope I never cross her path again.但愿我永远不再碰见她。但愿我永远不再碰见她。Our paths were to cross again many years later.许多年以后我们又不期而遇了。许多年以后我们又不期而遇了。smooth the path/way铺平道路铺平道路 4.challenge|tlnd|1)n.A.挑战;艰
12、巨任务挑战;艰巨任务 The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.扮演这个角色将扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious challenges we face.环境的破坏是我们所面临的环境的破坏是我们所面临的最严峻的挑战之一。最严峻的挑战之一。Schools must meet the challenge of new technology(=deal with it succes
13、sfully).学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。B.挑战书;(比赛等的)邀请,提挑战书;(比赛等的)邀请,提议议 to accept/take up a challenge接受挑战接受挑战 to mount a challenge发起挑战发起挑战 C.(to sth)质询;质疑;提出异议质询;质疑;提出异议 It was a direct challenge to the presidents authorityrti.这是对主席权威的直接质疑。这是对主席权威的直接质疑。Their legal challenge was unsuccessful.他们的法律质疑未获成功。他
14、们的法律质疑未获成功。2)v.A.vt.对对怀疑(或质疑);拒绝接怀疑(或质疑);拒绝接受受,=dispute She does not like anyone challenging her authority.她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。她不喜欢任何人挑战她的权威。This discovery challenges traditional beliefs.这项发现是对传统信念的冲击。这项发现是对传统信念的冲击。B.vt.sb(to sth)向(某人)挑战;向(某人)挑战;(尤指在对方不情愿时)强烈建议(尤指在对方不情愿时)强烈建议(某人做某事)(某人做某事)Mike challenged
15、me to a game of chess.迈克硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。迈克硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。sb.(to do sth)The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call an election.反对党领袖要求首相宣布进行大选。反对党领袖要求首相宣布进行大选。C.vt.考查考查的能力;考验的能力;考验的技巧的技巧 The job doesnt really challenge her.这项工作不能真正考验出她的能力。这项工作不能真正考验出她的能力。D.vt.盘问;查问盘问;查问 We were challenged by
16、police at the border.我们在边境受到警察盘问。我们在边境受到警察盘问。challenging|tlnd|adj.A.挑战性的;考验能力的挑战性的;考验能力的 a challenging and rewarding career as a teacher富有挑战性且有意义的教师职业富有挑战性且有意义的教师职业 B.挑起争论的;不赞同的挑起争论的;不赞同的 She gave him a challenging look.Are you really sure?she demanded.她用不赞同的眼光看了他一眼。她用不赞同的眼光看了他一眼。“你你敢肯定吗?敢肯定吗?”她问道。她
17、问道。5.thinking|k|1)U A.思想;思考;思维思想;思考;思维 I had to do some quick thinking.我得迅速思考一番。我得迅速思考一番。B.想法;见解想法;见解 What is the current thinking on this question?目前对这个问题的看法是什么?目前对这个问题的看法是什么?She explained the thinking behind the campaign kmpen.她解释了发起这场运动的想法。她解释了发起这场运动的想法。to my way of thinking:in my opinion 我认为;依我看
18、;依我之见我认为;依我看;依我之见 2)adj.只用于名词前只用于名词前 思想的;有思想的;有理智的;有思考力的理智的;有思考力的 the thinking womans magazine理性妇女的杂志理性妇女的杂志 6.positive|pztv;美美 p:z-|1)adj.A.(about sth)积极乐观的;自信的积极乐观的;自信的 the power of positive thought乐观思想的力量乐观思想的力量 She tried to be more positive about her new job.她力求对新工作更有信心。她力求对新工作更有信心。On the positi
19、ve side,profits have increased.从好的方面看,利润增加了。从好的方面看,利润增加了。The report ended on a positive note.报告的结尾显得很乐观。报告的结尾显得很乐观。反义词:反义词:negativenetv B.积极的;建设性的;朝着成功的积极的;建设性的;朝着成功的 We must take positive steps to deal with the problem.我们必须采取积极我们必须采取积极步骤处理这个问题。步骤处理这个问题。It will require positive action by all in the
20、industry.这将需要业内全体同人这将需要业内全体同人和衷共济。和衷共济。反义词:反义词:negative C.表示赞同的;拥护的表示赞同的;拥护的 Weve had a very positive response to the idea.我们对这个想法反应很好。我们对这个想法反应很好。反义词:反义词:negative D.良好的;有助益的;正面的良好的;有助益的;正面的 to make a positive contribution to a discussion在讨论中献计献策在讨论中献计献策 His family have been a very positive influenc
21、e on him.他的家庭对他有十分良好的影响。他的家庭对他有十分良好的影响。Overseas investment has had a positive effect on exports eksp:rts.海外投资对出口有积极影响。海外投资对出口有积极影响。反义词:反义词:negative E.名词前不可用名词前不可用 (about sth)|(that)(人人)有绝对把握;确信;肯有绝对把握;确信;肯定定 I cant be positive about what time it happened.我说不准这事是什么时间发生的。我说不准这事是什么时间发生的。She was positiv
22、e that he had been there.她确信他曾在场。她确信他曾在场。F.只用于名词前只用于名词前(informal)完全的;完全的;绝对的绝对的,=absolute bslut It was a positive miracle mrkl that we survived.我们能够生还,完全是个奇迹。我们能够生还,完全是个奇迹。G.证据确凿的;明确的证据确凿的;明确的,=conclusive We have no positive evidence that she was involved.我们没有确凿证据证明她参与其事。我们没有确凿证据证明她参与其事。H.阳性的;证明阳性的;
23、证明存在的存在的 to be HIV positive艾滋病病毒化验呈阳性艾滋病病毒化验呈阳性反义词:反义词:negative I.正数的正数的反义词:反义词:negative J.(术语术语)正电的;正极的正电的;正极的 a positive charge正电荷正电荷 the positive terminal of a battery btri 电池的正极电池的正极反义词:反义词:negative 2)n.A.优势;优点优势;优点 Take your weaknesses and translate them into positives.把你自己的弱点变成优点。把你自己的弱点变成优点。B
24、.C(术语术语)正片正片 C.C 阳性结果(或反应)阳性结果(或反应)反义词:反义词:negative 7.opportunity|ptju:nti;美美:prtu:-|(pl.-ies)(to do sth)|(for sth/for doing sth)|(of doing sth)机会;时机机会;时机,=chance Youll have the opportunity to ask any questions at the end.你们最后将有机会提问任何问题。你们最后将有机会提问任何问题。There was no opportunity for further discussion.
25、没有机会进行深入讨论了。没有机会进行深入讨论了。At least give him the opportunity of explaining what happened.至少要给至少要给他机会解释一下发生了什么事。他机会解释一下发生了什么事。Our company promotes equal opportunities for women.本公司提倡男女机会均等。本公司提倡男女机会均等。career/employment/job opportunities职业发展职业发展/就业就业/工作机会工作机会 Id like to take this opportunity to thank my
26、colleagues for their support.我谨借此机会感谢同事的支持。我谨借此机会感谢同事的支持。He is rude to me at every opportunity(=whenever possible).他动不动就对我粗鲁无礼。他动不动就对我粗鲁无礼。They intend to close the school at the earliest opportunity(=as soon as possible).他们打算尽早关闭学校。他们打算尽早关闭学校。a window of opportunity行事的良机行事的良机 photo opportunity为名人拍照的
27、时为名人拍照的时机;(为宣传)拍照名人的时间机;(为宣传)拍照名人的时间 8.lie in sth(思想、特征、问题思想、特征、问题等等):to exist or be found 存在;在于存在;在于 The problem lies in deciding when to intervene ntvin.问题在于决定何时介入。问题在于决定何时介入。However,for those of you with a positive mind,opportunity lies in each challenge.然而,对于那些有积极心态的人来然而,对于那些有积极心态的人来说,每一次挑战都有机会。
28、说,每一次挑战都有机会。lie in(British English)睡懒觉;起得睡懒觉;起得晚晚 Its a holiday tomorrow,so you can lie in.明天放假,你可以睡懒觉了。明天放假,你可以睡懒觉了。9.rise to sth.A.能够处理,有能力处理(突发情能够处理,有能力处理(突发情况、问题等)况、问题等)Luckily,my mother rose to the occasion ken.幸好,我母亲挺身而出作了处置。幸好,我母亲挺身而出作了处置。He was determined to rise to the challenge.他决心克服困难迎接挑战
29、。他决心克服困难迎接挑战。When you rise to the challenges,you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth.当你迎接挑战时,你将有机当你迎接挑战时,你将有机会获得丰富的知识和享受个人成长。会获得丰富的知识和享受个人成长。B.上当;上钩;进圈套上当;上钩;进圈套 I refuse to rise to that sort of comment kment.我拒绝对那样的评论作出反应。我拒绝对那样的评论作出反应。10.acquire|kwa(r)|vt
30、.(formal)A.to gain sth by your own efforts,ability or behaviour(通过努力、能(通过努力、能力、行为表现)获得,得到力、行为表现)获得,得到 She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英语已经学得很好。她英语已经学得很好。He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.他得到了奸诈的名声。他得到了奸诈的名声。B.购得;获得;得到购得;获得;得到 Ive suddenly acquired a stepbrother.我突然有了一个继兄弟。我突然
31、有了一个继兄弟。an acquired taste养成的爱好养成的爱好 Abstract bstrkt art is an acquired taste.要慢慢培养才会欣赏抽象艺术。要慢慢培养才会欣赏抽象艺术。acquisition|kwzn|n.A.U(知识、技能等的)获得,(知识、技能等的)获得,得到得到 B.C(多指贵重的)购得物(多指贵重的)购得物 C.(商商)购置物;收购的公司;购置购置物;收购的公司;购置的产业;购置;收购的产业;购置;收购 They have made acquisitions in several EU countries.他们在几个欧他们在几个欧盟国家购买了一
32、些产业。盟国家购买了一些产业。11.effort|eft;美美 efrt|n.A.气力;努力;费力的事气力;努力;费力的事(British English)With(an)effort(=with difficulty)she managed to stop herself laughing.她好不容易才忍住了笑。她好不容易才忍住了笑。You should put more effort into your work.你应该更加努力地工作。你应该更加努力地工作。A lot of effort has gone into making this event a success.为使这次活动成功费
33、了很大的劲。为使这次活动成功费了很大的劲。Its a long climb to the top,but well worth the effort.爬到顶上路程很长,爬到顶上路程很长,虽然费力却很值得。虽然费力却很值得。Getting up this morning was quite an effort(=it was difficult).今天早上起床相当费力。今天早上起床相当费力。B.C (to do sth)艰难的尝试;试图;艰难的尝试;试图;尽力尽力 to make an effort作出努力作出努力 The company has laid off 150 workers in
34、an effort to save money.公司为节省资金遣散了公司为节省资金遣散了150名工作人员。名工作人员。I didnt really feel like going out,but I am glad I made the effort.我当时并不我当时并不很想出去,不过我很庆幸还是出去了。很想出去,不过我很庆幸还是出去了。The local clubs are making every effort to interest more young people.地方俱乐地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的年轻人。With an effort o
35、f will he resisted the temptation.他凭自己的意志顶住了这一诱惑。他凭自己的意志顶住了这一诱惑。The project was a joint/group effort.这项工程是共同这项工程是共同/集体努力的结果。集体努力的结果。C.C(通常置于名词后通常置于名词后)有组织的活动有组织的活动 the United Nations peacekeeping effort联合国的维和行动联合国的维和行动 D.C 努力的结果;成就努力的结果;成就 Im afraid this essay is a poor effort.很抱歉,这篇文章写得不好。很抱歉,这篇文章写
36、得不好。bend your mind/efforts to sth(formal)致力于某事;专心致志于致力于某事;专心致志于 12.advance|dv:ns;美美-vns|1)n.A.C(尤指武装部队的)前进,行进(尤指武装部队的)前进,行进 We feared that an advance on the capital would soon follow.我们担心接下来会马上向首都推进。我们担心接下来会马上向首都推进。B.(in sth)进步;进展进步;进展 We live in an age of rapid technological advance.我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。
37、我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。C.C,常用单数形式常用单数形式 预付款预付款 They offered an advance of 5 000 after the signing of the contract.他们在合同签订后预付了他们在合同签订后预付了5 000英镑。英镑。She asked for an advance on her salary.她要求预支薪金。她要求预支薪金。D.C (on sth)(商商)(价格、价值的)(价格、价值的)上涨,提高上涨,提高 Share prices showed significant advances.股票价格大幅上涨。股票价格大幅上涨。in a
38、dvance(of sth)A.(时间上)在(时间上)在前;预先;事先前;预先;事先 a week/month/year in advance提前一星期提前一星期/一月一月/一年一年 Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.预订票要便宜一些。预订票要便宜一些。B.(发展上)超前(发展上)超前 Galileos lileiu ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived.伽利略的思想远远超越了他所处的时伽利略的思想远远超越了他所处的时代。代。2)v.A.vi.(on/towar
39、ds sb/sth)(为了进攻、(为了进攻、威胁等)前进,行进威胁等)前进,行进 The mob advanced on us,shouting angrily.暴民愤怒地喊叫着向我们逼近。暴民愤怒地喊叫着向我们逼近。B.(知识、技术等)发展,进步(知识、技术等)发展,进步 Our knowledge of the disease has advanced considerably over recent years.近年来我们对这种疾病的了近年来我们对这种疾病的了解深入多了。解深入多了。This research has done much to advance our understand
40、ing of language learning.这项研究大大提这项研究大大提高了我们对语言学习的认识。高了我们对语言学习的认识。C.vt.促进;推动促进;推动,=further Studying for new qualifications is one way of advancing your career.为提高为提高学历而进修是促进事业发展的一个学历而进修是促进事业发展的一个办法。办法。D.sth(to sb)|(sb)sth 预付预付 We are willing to advance the money to you.我们愿意预付款给你。我们愿意预付款给你。We will adv
41、ance you the money.我们将把款子预付给你。我们将把款子预付给你。E.vt.(formal)提出(想法、理论、提出(想法、理论、计划)计划),=put forward The article advances a new theory to explain changes in the climate.这篇文章提出了一个解释气候变化这篇文章提出了一个解释气候变化的新理论。的新理论。F.vt.(formal)提前;提早提前;提早,=bring forward The date of the trial has been advanced by one week.审判日期提前了一星
42、期。审判日期提前了一星期。反义词:反义词:postpone G.(formal)向前推(至下一步);向前推(至下一步);(使)向前移动(使)向前移动 Users advance through the program by answering a series of questions.用用户通过回答一系列问题,逐步完成户通过回答一系列问题,逐步完成整个程序。整个程序。H.vi.(商商)(价格、成本等价格、成本等)上涨;增加上涨;增加 Oil shares advanced amid economic recovery hopes.在一片经济复苏的希望在一片经济复苏的希望中石油股票价格上涨。中
43、石油股票价格上涨。3)adj.只用于名词前只用于名词前 A.预先的;事先的预先的;事先的 Please give us advance warning of any changes.如有变动,请事先通知我们。如有变动,请事先通知我们。We need advance notice of the numbers involved.我们需要事先得知涉及的数量。我们需要事先得知涉及的数量。No advance booking is necessary on most departures.大多数起程票无须预订。大多数起程票无须预订。B.party/team 先遣队;先头部队先遣队;先头部队 advan
44、cement|dv:nsmnt;美美-vns-|(formal)A.促进;推动;发展;前进促进;推动;发展;前进 the advancement of knowledge/education/science知识知识/教育教育/科学的发展科学的发展 B.U(工作、社会等级等的)提(工作、社会等级等的)提升,晋升升,晋升 There are good opportunities for advancement if you have the right skills.如果有合适的技能,就有很好如果有合适的技能,就有很好的晋升机会。的晋升机会。13.amazing|mez|adj.令人大为惊奇的;(
45、尤指)令人惊令人大为惊奇的;(尤指)令人惊喜(或惊羡、惊叹)的喜(或惊羡、惊叹)的=astounding,incredible an amazing achievement/discovery/success/performance惊人的成就惊人的成就/发现发现/成功成功/表演表演 Its amazing how quickly people adapt.人适应环境的速度之快真是惊人。人适应环境的速度之快真是惊人。amazingly adv.Amazingly,no one noticed.令人惊奇的是,竟没有人注意到。令人惊奇的是,竟没有人注意到。The meal was amazingly
46、 cheap.这餐饭便宜得出奇。这餐饭便宜得出奇。amaze|mez|vt.:to surprise sb very much 使惊奇;使惊愕;使惊诧使惊奇;使惊愕;使惊诧 Just the size of the place amazed her.仅仅地方之大就使她十分惊奇。仅仅地方之大就使她十分惊奇。It never ceases to amaze me what some people will do for money.有些人为了钱什么都干得出来,这一有些人为了钱什么都干得出来,这一直使我惊愕不已。直使我惊愕不已。What amazes me is how long she manag
47、ed to hide it from us.使我惊诧的是,她竟然能把这件事瞒使我惊诧的是,她竟然能把这件事瞒了我们这么久。了我们这么久。It amazed her that he could be so calm at such a time.在这个时候他在这个时候他还能如此冷静,真让她感到惊讶。还能如此冷静,真让她感到惊讶。14.confidence|knfdns|A.U (in sb/sth)信心;信任;信信心;信任;信赖赖 The players all have confidence in their manager.队员都信赖他们的教练。队员都信赖他们的教练。A fall in un
48、employment will help to restore consumer confidence.失业人数的下降会有助于恢复消费失业人数的下降会有助于恢复消费者的信心。者的信心。a lack of confidence in the government对政府缺乏信任对政府缺乏信任 She has every confidence in her students abilities.她完全相信她学生的能力。她完全相信她学生的能力。B.U 自信心;把握自信心;把握 He answered the questions with confidence.他有把握地回答了那些问题。他有把握地回答了
49、那些问题。People often lose confidence when they are criticizedkritisaizd.人受到批评时经常会失去信心。人受到批评时经常会失去信心。He gained confidence when he went to college.他上大学后增强了自信。他上大学后增强了自信。She suffers from a lack of confidence.她深受缺乏自信心之苦。她深受缺乏自信心之苦。While girls lack confidence,boys often overestimate their abilities.女孩通常缺乏自信
50、,而男孩则往往女孩通常缺乏自信,而男孩则往往会高估自己的能力。会高估自己的能力。I didnt have any confidence in myself at school.我在学校时对自己毫无信心。我在学校时对自己毫无信心。C.U 把握;肯定把握;肯定 They could not say with confidence that he would be able to walk again after the accident.他们不能肯定他经过那场事故后还他们不能肯定他经过那场事故后还能行走。能行走。He expressed his confidence that they would