1、牛津译林版高中英语必修一课件Unit 3 Getting along with othersGrammar and usage Restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns 制作者：桂东一中李宇平内容分析内容分析 本板块围绕单元话题，以本板块围绕单元话题，以“当代友当代友谊的内涵谊的内涵”创设情境，引导学生在语创设情境，引导学生在语篇中观察、探究由关系代词引导的限篇中观察、探究由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句的基本句型结构特征。制性定语从句的基本句型结构特征。教学活动要求学生首先通过观察由关教学活动要求学生首先通过观察由关系代词引导的限制
2、性定语从句在文中系代词引导的限制性定语从句在文中的使用，自主归纳出目标语法的核心的使用，自主归纳出目标语法的核心规则；再通过句子、语篇两个层面的规则；再通过句子、语篇两个层面的巩固练习，内化新知，从而能够准确、巩固练习，内化新知，从而能够准确、恰当、得体地使用目标语法；最后完恰当、得体地使用目标语法；最后完成简描述一位朋友的写作任务。成简描述一位朋友的写作任务。教学目标教学目标 By the end of this section,we will be able to:1.understand the meaning of restrictive rstrktv relative reltv
3、clauses with relative pronouns;2.summarize the general rules of restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns;3.use restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns to describe dskrab their friends appropriately prpritli.A.Exploring the rules P34 Below is a magazine article on friendship in
4、 the modern age.Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box below.The first one has been done for you.A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.(真正的朋友会在整个世真正的朋友会在整个世界都离你远去的时候，仍然与你在界都离你远去的时候，仍然与你在一起一起)A real friend is someon
5、e whose support we can count on.A real friend is someone who sees our true self,not just the face that we show to the world.walk out(on sb)(informal)遗弃，抛遗弃，抛弃，舍弃，离开（某人），弃，舍弃，离开（某人），=desert How could she walk out on her kids?她怎么能遗弃自己的孩子呢？她怎么能遗弃自己的孩子呢？walk out(on sth)(informal)半途而废；半截撂挑子半途而废；半截撂挑子 I n
6、ever walk out on a job half done.我做工作从不半途而废。我做工作从不半途而废。walk out(informal)(工人工人)（离开岗位）罢（离开岗位）罢工工 walk out(of sth)突然离去，退场，突然离去，退场，退席（尤为表示异议）退席（尤为表示异议）count on sb/sth依赖，依靠，指望依赖，依靠，指望（某人做某事）；确信（某事会发（某人做某事）；确信（某事会发生）生）,=bank on sth Im sure hell help.Dont count on it.“我肯定他会帮忙的。我肯定他会帮忙的。”“那可靠不那可靠不住。住。”+带带
7、to 的不定式的不定式 Im counting on you to help me.我就靠你帮我啦。我就靠你帮我啦。+-ing 短语短语 Few people can count on having a job for life.几乎没有人能指望一辈子都干几乎没有人能指望一辈子都干一个工作。一个工作。We cant count on this warm weather lasting.我们不能指望这暖和的天气会持久。我们不能指望这暖和的天气会持久。self（指一个人）自己，本人（指一个人）自己，本人 You didnt hurt your little self,did you?小家伙，你没伤
8、着自己吧？小家伙，你没伤着自己吧？We look forward to seeing Mrs.Brown and your good self this evening.我们期我们期盼今晚能见到布朗夫人和您本人。盼今晚能见到布朗夫人和您本人。Yet these days,the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.(然而如今然而如今,使我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀使我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀友谊的真义友谊的真义)We may be able to make man
9、y friends online,but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love.(博客等博客等社交媒体损害了我们和我们所爱的朋社交媒体损害了我们和我们所爱的朋友之间的关系友之间的关系)yet:despite what has just been said 但是；然而但是；然而,=nevertheless,conj.Its a small car,yet its surprisingly spacious spe
10、s.这辆汽车不大，然而却出奇地宽敞。这辆汽车不大，然而却出奇地宽敞。He has a good job,and yet he never seems to have any money.他有份好他有份好工作，然而他却好像总也没有钱。工作，然而他却好像总也没有钱。eat away at“侵蚀，腐蚀，逐渐破侵蚀，腐蚀，逐渐破坏坏”。如。如:No matter how hard he tries,his parents are never satisfied with him.This is eating away at his self-confidence。无论他怎么努力无论他怎么努力,父母都对
11、他不满父母都对他不满意意,这使他逐渐丧失自信。这使他逐渐丧失自信。come between and“损害损害之之间的关系，离间间的关系，离间”,它还可以表示它还可以表示“妨妨碍碍”。如。如:Never let anything come between you and your work.绝不要让任何事情妨碍你的工作。绝不要让任何事情妨碍你的工作。Id hate anything to come between us.我不喜欢任何有损我们之间关我不喜欢任何有损我们之间关系的事情。系的事情。Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-t
12、o-face chatting.“Sharing”our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us.“Liking”our friends photos online does not develop the connection which we share.在社交媒体上在社交媒体上“分享分享”我们的经历，不我们的经历，不足以表达对我们最重要的价值观。足以表达对我们最重要的价值观。在在网上网上“点赞点赞”朋友的照片并不能增进我朋友的照片并不能增进我们之间的联系
13、。们之间的联系。text|tekst|v.（用手机给某人）发（用手机给某人）发短信短信 Text me when youre on your way.路上给我发短信吧。路上给我发短信吧。Ill text you the final score.我会发短信告诉你最终的比分。我会发短信告诉你最终的比分。Kids seem to be texting non-stop these days.现在的孩子好像在不停地发短信。现在的孩子好像在不停地发短信。message(用电脑、手机等用电脑、手机等)给给发消发消息，给息，给留言留言 People who message a lot feel unpopu
14、lar if they dont get many back.如果人们发出大量短信但收到的回如果人们发出大量短信但收到的回复却不多，就会觉得自己不受欢迎。复却不多，就会觉得自己不受欢迎。She messaged him saying she wished they were together.她给他留言说希望跟他在一起。她给他留言说希望跟他在一起。take sbs/sths place|take the place of sb/sth:to replace sb/sth 代替；替代替；替换换 She couldnt attend the meeting so her assistant too
15、k her place.她不能她不能参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。参加会议，所以她的助手代她出席。Computers have taken the place of typewriters in most offices.在大多数办公室，电脑已经取代了在大多数办公室，电脑已经取代了打字机。打字机。take your place A.就位；入座就位；入座 Take your places for dinner.请各位入席。请各位入席。B.得到应有的社会地位；名副其实得到应有的社会地位；名副其实 take place（尤指根据安排或计划）发生，进行（尤指根据安排或计划）发生，进行 The fil
16、m festival takes place in October.电影节将于十月举行。电影节将于十月举行。We may never discover what took place that night.我们可能永远不会知道那一我们可能永远不会知道那一夜发生了什么事。夜发生了什么事。face-to-face 1)adj.面对面的面对面的 a face-to-face conversation面谈面谈 I deal with customers on the phone and rarely meet them face-to-face.我用电我用电话和客户打交道，很少和他们见面。话和客户打交
17、道，很少和他们见面。2)adv.He opened the door and came face-to-face with a burglar bl(r).他打开门和窃贼打了个照面。他打开门和窃贼打了个照面。(figurative)She was brought face-to-face with the horrors of war.她直面了战争的恐怖。她直面了战争的恐怖。matter(to sb)(不用于进行时不用于进行时)事关紧事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响要；要紧；有重大影响 The children matter more to her than anything else in the
18、 world.对于她来说，对于她来说，在这个世界上没有比孩子更重要的了。在这个世界上没有比孩子更重要的了。It doesnt matter to me what you do.你做什么我无所谓。你做什么我无所谓。What does it matter if I spent$100 on itits my money!我花我花100元钱买这东元钱买这东西有什么关系西有什么关系那是我的钱！那是我的钱！As long as youre happy,thats all that matters.只要你幸福，这就是最重要的事情。只要你幸福，这就是最重要的事情。Does it really matter
19、who did it?是谁干的真的很重要吗？是谁干的真的很重要吗？It didnt matter that the weather was bad.天气不好并没什么影响。天气不好并没什么影响。To make friends a real part of our lives,we should put down our smart phones and meet them in person.What are the pros prz and consknz(事物的利与弊；支持与事物的利与弊；支持与反对反对)of making friends online?Advantages:People m
20、ay be able to make many friends online.Disadvantages:Friendships online can be very shallow.Texting and messaging cannot replace face-to-face chatting.Sharing experiences on social media is not enough to express ones values.“Liking”friends photos online doesnt develop the connection with them.A real
21、 friend is someone who walks in.A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.A real friend is someone who sees our true self.not just the face that we show to the world.the modern tools that keep us connectedthe friends whom we love.the values which matter most to us.the connection which w
22、e share.Read the following sentences in the box,comparing and analysing them.connection(1)People have close friends.People naturally enjoy their company.(2)He is kind-hearted.He has true friends(3)Friendship is a precious wealth.One searches for it all ones life.People who have close friends natural
23、ly enjoy their company.He who is kind-hearted has true friend.Friendship is a precious wealth(that)one searches for all ones life.Working out the rule P34 A restrictive relative clause(限制性定限制性定语从句语从句)modifies mdfa(修饰修饰)a noun,pronoun or noun phrase before it.We use relative pronouns(关系代词关系代词)or rela
24、tive adverbs(关系副词关系副词)to introduce restrictive relative clauses.We use(1)_ for things,and(2)_ and whom for people.whichwhoWe can use(3)_ for both things and people.We use(4)_ to show possession.thatwhose由关系代词引导的由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 P98-99 1.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句(restrictive relative clause)指修饰名词、代词指修饰名词、
25、代词或名词短语的从句，对所修饰的对或名词短语的从句，对所修饰的对象加以限制，表示象加以限制，表示“的的(人人)”或或“的的(物物)”。从句不可去掉，一。从句不可去掉，一旦去掉主句的意思则不完整。被修旦去掉主句的意思则不完整。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语称为先饰的名词、代词或名词短语称为先行项或先行词行项或先行词(antecedent ntsi:dnt)。如如:Do you know the man who is waiting outside?He showed me the photos which he took on his trip to Xian。2.定语从句可由关系代词定语从句可由
26、关系代词(relative pronouns)that,which,who,whom,whose引导。如引导。如:The trees which are behind the office building have lost their leaves.Simon samn is the poor man whose car has been stolen.3.关系代词在定语从句中通常作关系代词在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，宾语时常可以省略。主语或宾语，宾语时常可以省略。如如:The boy who is running on the playground is the best runner
27、 in our school.(who作主语作主语,不可省略不可省略)The subject(which)I like best is English.(which作宾语作宾语,可省略可省略)4.关系代词关系代词 who whom which that,whose的主要用法如下的主要用法如下:(1)who引导的定语从句修饰人，引导的定语从句修饰人，who在从句中作主语或宾语；在从句中作主语或宾语；whom引导的定语从句修饰人，引导的定语从句修饰人，whom在从句中作宾语；在从句中作宾语；who和和whom都可以由都可以由that代替。如代替。如:They are looking for peo
28、ple _ want to join the Reading Club.who/that The girl _ you saw in the park is my cousin.(2)which引导的定语从句修饰物，引导的定语从句修饰物，which在从句中作主语或宾语，可在从句中作主语或宾语，可以由以由that代替，作宾语时可省略。代替，作宾语时可省略。如如:This is the book _ I want to read.(who/whom/that)(which/that)(3)whose引导的定语从句，既可引导的定语从句，既可修饰人，也可饰物，修饰人，也可饰物，whose在从句在从句中
29、作定语。如中作定语。如:I sat next to a girl whose name is Diana dain.The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday.5.关系代词也可以用作介词的宾关系代词也可以用作介词的宾语。在正式场合，介词以置于关系语。在正式场合，介词以置于关系代词前，这种情况下关系代词不可代词前，这种情况下关系代词不可省略，也不可以用省略，也不可以用that代替。如代替。如:Is this the magazine(which/that)you were talki
30、ng about just now?Is this the magazine about which you were talking just now?但是要注意的是，固定短语中的介但是要注意的是，固定短语中的介词不能前置到关系代词前。如词不能前置到关系代词前。如:You are the very person(whom/that)we are looking for.6.当先行项是当先行项是way并且定语从句要并且定语从句要表示表示“以以的方式的方式”时，定语从句时，定语从句常用常用that或或in which引导，引导，that或或 in which也可以省略。如也可以省略。如：I li
31、ke the way(that/in which)she smiles.B.Applying the rules P35 B1.Rewrite the following sentences using restrictive relative clauses.1.Common interests provide rich ground.Many friendships grow from rich ground.(共同的兴趣为许多友谊共同的兴趣为许多友谊的发展提供了肥沃的土壤的发展提供了肥沃的土壤)Common interests provide rich ground _.from whi
32、ch manyfriendships grow.2.When friends communication is warm(温情的；热心的；友好的温情的；热心的；友好的)and open(诚恳；坦诚；直率诚恳；坦诚；直率),friendships grow best.Friendships grow best between friends _whose communication is warm and open.3.Friendships are like flowers.These flowers need to be taken good care of.Friendships are
33、like flowers _which/that need to be taken good care of.4.A relationship with a true friend will surely produce fruit.You can count on a true friend.A relationship with a true friend _ will surely produce fruit.(whom/that/who)you can count on 5.You have been helped by others.To make friends,you shoul
34、d help others in the same way.To make friends,you should help others the way _ (in which/that)you have been helped.B2.The passage below is about friendship in a great novel.Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns where necessary.P35 In Mark Twains twen马克马克吐温吐温(1835-1910，美国小说家，美国小说家)Adven
35、tures of Huckleberry hklbri Finn,the friendship(1)_ forms between Huck Finn and Jim is an important theme of the book,though they appear to be an unlikely pair(一对一对伴儿伴儿).which/that (1)哈克贝利哈克贝利费恩历险记是费恩历险记是美国作家马克美国作家马克吐温创作的长篇小吐温创作的长篇小说。故事的主人公是哈克贝利说。故事的主人公是哈克贝利费费恩，他为了追求自由的生活，逃亡恩，他为了追求自由的生活，逃亡到密西西比河上。在逃
36、亡途中，他到密西西比河上。在逃亡途中，他遇到了黑奴吉姆，两个人历经了种遇到了黑奴吉姆，两个人历经了种种奇遇。小说赞扬了男孩哈克贝利种奇遇。小说赞扬了男孩哈克贝利的机智和善良，同时塑造了一位富的机智和善良，同时塑造了一位富有尊严的黑奴形象。有尊严的黑奴形象。(2)unlikely adj.A.(to do sth)|(that)不大可能发不大可能发生的生的 The project seemed unlikely to succeed.这个项目似乎难以成功。这个项目似乎难以成功。In the unlikely event of a problem arising,please contact th
37、e hotel manager.万一出现问题，请找旅馆经理。万一出现问题，请找旅馆经理。Its most(=very)unlikely that shell arrive before seven.她极不可能在七点前到达。她极不可能在七点前到达。B.只用于名词前只用于名词前 非心目中的；非想非心目中的；非想象的象的 He seems a most unlikely candidate for the job.他似乎是最不适合担任这项工他似乎是最不适合担任这项工作的人选。作的人选。They have built hotels in the most unlikely places.他们把旅馆建在
38、最冷门的地方。他们把旅馆建在最冷门的地方。C.只用于名词前只用于名词前 难以相信的；不难以相信的；不能信服的能信服的 She gave me an unlikely explanation for her behaviour.她对自己行为的解释很难令我信服。她对自己行为的解释很难令我信服。反义词：反义词：likely Huck is a poor white boy(2)_ father often beats him,while Jim is a black slave(3)_ longs(尤指对看尤指对看似不会很快发生的事似不会很快发生的事)渴望渴望 to be free.One day,
39、Huck runs away from home to an island.There he meets Jim and makes friends with him.Then they leave the island together on a raft(4)_ they find on the Mississippi msspi River.whosewho(which/that)They head 朝朝(某方向某方向)行进行进north to Illinois ln(z),a state in(5)_ Jim can become free.The high point of the
40、story comes when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to some slave catchers.In the end,Huck decides that Jim is a friend(6)_ he needs and values,and refuses to give him up.which(whom/that/who)hand sb/sthover(to sb)把某事物把某事物/某人正式交给（某人）某人正式交给（某人）He handed over a cheque for$200 0
41、00.他交出了一张他交出了一张20万元的支票。万元的支票。They handed the weapons over to the police.他们把武器交给了警方。他们把武器交给了警方。hand sb over to sb（尤指打电话或在新闻广播中）让某（尤指打电话或在新闻广播中）让某人听另一个人讲话或同其谈话人听另一个人讲话或同其谈话 Ill hand you over to my boss.请跟我的老板讲。请跟我的老板讲。hand sthover(to sb)|hand over(to sb)|hand sth over(to sb)把（权力或责任）移交给（某人）把（权力或责任）移交给（
42、某人）She resigned and handed over to one of her younger colleagues.她辞她辞职了，由一位比她年轻的同事接任。职了，由一位比她年轻的同事接任。He finally handed over his responsibility for the company last year.他终于在去年交出了公司的职务。他终于在去年交出了公司的职务。give sb up A.(also give up on sb)对某人的到来（或对某人的到来（或康复、能否找到等）不再抱有希望康复、能否找到等）不再抱有希望 There you are at last
43、!Wed given you up.你终于来了！我们都以为你不来了呢。你终于来了！我们都以为你不来了呢。His teachers seem to have given up on him.他的老师似乎不再对他抱有希望。他的老师似乎不再对他抱有希望。B.与某人断绝关系；不再与某人交往与某人断绝关系；不再与某人交往 Why dont you give him up?你为什么不与他一刀两断呢？你为什么不与他一刀两断呢？give up投降；认输；放弃投降；认输；放弃 They gave up without a fight.他们不战而降。他们不战而降。She doesnt give up easily
44、.她决不轻易认输。她决不轻易认输。I give uptell me the answer.我放弃了，把答案告诉我吧。我放弃了，把答案告诉我吧。give sthup A.无被动态无被动态 停止；中止；放弃；抛停止；中止；放弃；抛弃弃 She didnt give up work when she had the baby.她生了孩子后并未放弃工作。她生了孩子后并未放弃工作。You ought to give up smoking.你应该戒烟。你应该戒烟。B.把（本该做其他事的时间）耗费于把（本该做其他事的时间）耗费于 I gave up my weekend to help him paint
45、his apartment.我耗费了一个周末帮他粉刷房间。我耗费了一个周末帮他粉刷房间。give sthup(to sb):to hand sth over to sb else 把把交给（或让与）交给（或让与）We had to give our passports up to the authorities.我们得把护照交给当局。我们得把护照交给当局。give yourself/sb up(to sb)自首；投案；投降自首；投案；投降 After a week on the run he gave himself up to the police.他逃跑一周后向警方投案自首了。他逃跑一周后
46、向警方投案自首了。From this story we can see that friends are people(7)_ support you through thick and thin.through thick and thin不顾艰难险不顾艰难险阻；赴汤蹈火；同甘共苦阻；赴汤蹈火；同甘共苦 Hes supported the team for over ten years through thick and thin.十多年来，在任何情况下他都支持十多年来，在任何情况下他都支持这个队。这个队。who/that Are Huck Finn and Jim true friends
47、?Why do you think so?Yes,they are.Because Huck refuses to give Jim to those slave catchers.B3.In pairs,describe a friend of ours using restrictive relative clauses.Use the example below to help you.P35 Example:My best friend is Owen uin.I met him at a Reading Club meeting(which/that)we both attended
48、.We have the same taste(爱好；志趣爱好；志趣)in books,and we often spend hours discussing novels(which/that)weve both read.I must say,hes one of the smartest people(that)I have ever met.My best friend is Hannahhn.I met her in a park in which I play badminton.One day,the friend who I normally(平常平常)play with ha
49、d to go home early,and I was about to leave too.That was the moment when Hannah came up to me and asked if I wanted to play with her.We got on really well and soon became close friends.I know she is someone that I can rely on in times of difficulty.Workbook P70 C.Fill in the blanks with proper relat
50、ive pronouns or“preposition+which”where necessary.1.All my classmates enjoyed the cake _ I made.2.She has a brother _ name I cant remember.3.It is believed by many people that the man _ makes no mistakes does not usually make anything.(which/that)whosewho/that 4.My sister Tina likes reading novels _
