1、Grammar and usage Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbsObserve and discuss t the he greengreen tree treet the he interestinginteresting book booka a frightenedfrightened boy boya a womanwoman doctor doctora a washingwashing machine machine修饰修饰、限定和说明限定和说明名名词或代词词或代词的品质与特的品质与特征征的成分是的成分是定语定
2、语。attributive除了除了形容词形容词可以充当可以充当定语之外，定语之外，名词，代名词，代词，数词，副词，介词，数词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式词短语，动词不定式（短语）（短语），分词分词等也等也可充当定语。可充当定语。friendlyfriendlyThe definition of restrictive relative clausesThe The girl is my friend.girl is my friend.The The girl girl is is my friend.my friend.TheThe girl girl whowho is friendly
3、is friendly is my friend.is my friend.跟跟在一个在一个名词或名词或代词代词后后进行修饰进行修饰限定限定的的句子句子，就，就叫做叫做定语从句定语从句。充当主句定语的句子充当主句定语的句子The girl who is friendly is my friend.The structure of restrictive relative clauses主句主句antecedentantecedent先行词先行词relative pronounrelative pronoun关系代词关系代词从句结构：先行词+关系词+从句 关系词及其意义 关系词指代人指代人 指代
4、事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who,thatwhich,thatwhosewherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词The boy who broke the window is Tom.He is the man who we are waiting for.This is the teacher whom we like best.Observe and think-who and whomWhoWho指指人人，充当从句充当从句主主语和语和宾宾语，语，WhomWhom指指人人，只充当从句只充当从句宾宾语。语。宾语宾语主语主语宾语宾
5、语Observe and think-that and whichA plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man that I told you about.He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.This is the pen which he bought That That 指指人人或或物物，作，作主主语或语或宾宾语（作宾语可省略）语（作宾语可省略）WhichWhich指指物物，作，作主主语或语或宾宾语（作宾语可省略）语（作宾语可省略）主语主语宾语宾语主语主语宾宾语语Obser
6、ve and think-whoseThis is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which cover is blue.The girl whose hair is golden is Amy.The girl of whom hair is golden is Amy.Whose Whose 表示表示先行先行词与词与whosewhose后的名词为后的名词为所属所属关系关系。可指可指人人或或物物，可与，可与of which/whom of which/whom 互换。互换。I have an apple.An apple i
7、s red.I have an apple that is red.修饰先行词修饰先行词 an apple 主语主语I like some friends.Some friends like sports.I like some friends who like sports.修饰先行词修饰先行词 friends 主语主语/thatI like the music.I can dance to the music.I like the music that I can dance to.宾语宾语关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。I like the girl.You are talking
8、to the girl.I like the girl who you are talking to.宾语宾语/that关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。从句主宾表的判断1.找到从句的谓语动词；2.谓语动词前少成分3.谓语动词后少成分4.Be动词后少成分主语宾语表语练习：判断Who/that 在从句中担任主语还是宾语。关系代词用法关系代词用法 关系代词关系代词 指代指代 在从句中在从句中 的作用的作用 that which who whom whose人物人物 主宾主宾物物 主宾主宾 人人 主宾主宾 人人宾宾 人物人物 定定 What are you looking for?Im looki
9、ng for the watch _ I bought yesterday.Awhich Bwho CwhoseDo you know the little boy _ is helping the old man cross the road?No.But how nice he is!A.which B.who C.whomWhat kind of music do you like?I like music _ I can dance to.A.whose B.when C.who D.that-Is there anyone here _name is Betty?-Sorry,I d
10、ont know.A.who B.which C.whom D.whoseJohn is the boy_ legs were badly hurt in the accident.A.whose B.that C.who D.which 关系副词：where,when,why （在从句中做状语）地方(n.)+where+从句时间(n.)+when+从句原因(n.)+why+从句 when 作时间状语She will never forget the day.She got the first prize on that day.She will never forget the day sh
11、e got the first prize.whenwhere 作地点状语He want to know the place.He was born there.He want to know the place he was born.wherewhy 作原因状语其先行词常常是the reason.I know the reason why he said it.She didnt tell me the reason why she refused the offer.状语的判定从句主谓宾或主系表完整时间，地点，原因三大状语1.When 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词如:time,
12、day,hour,year等。）。2.Where 表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词如:place,room,house,city,country等。)。3.Why 表示原因，常用在先行词reason。1.He still remember the day _he met the great man in the street.A.when B.where C.which D.that 2.That is the reason _he is leaving so soon.A.which B.that C.why D.where 3.This is the hotel _they stay
13、ed last month.A.which B.that C.how D.where 1.The windows and doors came from old building _were being pulled down.A./B.that C.where D.when 2.The village _I visited last year has changed a lot.Really?I hope to go there one day.A.that B.where C.when D.why 主语宾语定语从句一般解题步骤：1.找到先行词（一般在横线前）；2.判断从句中缺什么成分或先行
14、词 在从句中充当什么成分3.套用句型：主宾表that/which/who定语whose状语where/when/why人(n.)+who/that+从句物(n.)+that/which+从句地方(n.)+where+从句时间(n.)+when+从句原因(n.)+why+从句Ill never forget the museum _ we visited together.We are living in an age _ is seeing great changes.The reason _ he gave us is not true.antecedent(which/that)antec
15、edent which/thatantecedent(which/that)we visited the museum togetherthe age is seeing great changeshe gave us the reasonIll never forget the museum _ the paintings are so appealing.We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer.The reason _ he didnt come to school is not true.the paintin
16、gs are so appealing in the museummany things are done on computer in the agehe didnt come to school for the reason where when why Ill never forget the museum(which/that)we visited together.Ill never forget the museum where the paintings are so appealing.We are living in an age which/that is seeing g
17、reat changes.We are living in an age when many things are done on computer.The reason(which/that)he gave us is not true.The reason why he didnt come to school is not true.关系副词关系副词when,where,why可以用可以用适当的介词适当的介词+which来替代。来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for which 介词介词关系代词引导的定语从句关系代
18、词引导的定语从句,关关键是判断键是判断介词的选择介词的选择,方法是看方法是看先行词先行词的习惯搭配的习惯搭配,再则可以通过整个句子整再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断结合生活实际来判断.TipsThe money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone.He will never forget the day _ which he failed in the exam.This is the mountain village _ which I stayed last year.Ill never forget the
19、farm _which I worked together with you.onwithinon1.I wont forget the day on which I was born.2.This is the room in which I lived.3.I dont know the reason for which he havent come today.4.Tom still remembers the days during which they lived in Tianjin.5.Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year
20、.=when=where=why=when=where1.I will never forget these days _ we worked together in the country.2.This is the park _ you took photos last Sunday.3.That was the reason _ he looked old.when/on whichwhere/in which why/for which对比练习：用适当的关系词填空对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1.The room _ he once lived is still there.The ro
21、om _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which/省略省略)2.I will never forget the day_ I met you.I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which/省略省略)The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3.The reason _ I dont know the t
22、hing is that I was not there at that time.1)The reason _ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.2)I remember the day _ my father died.I was only ten years old at that time.3)Please give me the reason _ you were late this time.4)I will go back to the place _ I grew up and live there forever.Why
23、WhenwhyWhereExercise:Explore the rulesFind the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article on page 34.the article on page 34.A real friend is someone who walks in A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.A real frie
24、nd is someone who sees our true self not just the face that we show to the world.the modern tools that keep us connected the friends whom we love.the values which matter most to us.the connection which we share.先行先行词词可可以是以是人人也也可以是可以是物物Explore the rulesAnswer1.Common interests provide rich ground fro
25、m which many friendships grow.2.Friendships grow best between friends whose communication is warm and open.3.Friendships are like flowers which/that need to be taken good care of.4.A relationship with a true friend(whom/that/who)you can count on will surely produce fruit.5.To make friends,you should
26、 help others the way(in which/that)you have been helped.the way做先行词时，做先行词时，引导词可用引导词可用in which,that或不填或不填which/thatwhosewho/that(which/that)whichwhom/that/whowho/thatFinish B2 on page 35 and answer a question.471.All my classmates enjoyed the cake _ I made.2.She has a brother _ name I cant remember.3
27、.It is believed by many people that the man _ makes no mistakes does not usually make anything.4.My sister Tina likes reading novels _ were written by Charles Dickens.5.It is an Australian company _ logo looks like a red kangaroo.(which/that)whose who/that which/that whose 486.The book _ I borrowed
28、from the library yesterday is very interesting.7.This is the best film _ we have ever made about friendship.8.I really admire people _ can work in such difficult conditions.9.The man _ we met in the street just now used to be my English teacher.10.I admire the way _ he solves the problem.(which/that)that who/that(who/that/whom)(in which/that)
