1、UNIT 3 Getting along with others突破突破语法大冲关语法大冲关The red bike is mine.red I have 3 books 3Observing for rules.A sleeping cat.sleepingThe boy in the room is jack.in the roomTips 1:我们可以使用形容词，数词，名词以及介词短语来做定语。Observing for rules.The women in blue is a teacher.Do you know the mouse who is called Jerry?in bl
2、uewho is called Jerry.What can you learn from these?a brave boy a boy with glassesbravewith glasses(adjective)(phrase)He is a brave boy,and he is a boy with glasses.He is a boy who is brave and wearing glasses.Tips 2:定语由一个单词修饰时，通常前置。由词组或句子修饰时，后置。What can you learn from these?定义：定义：在在_句句中中,修饰修饰_ 的从的从
3、句叫定语从句。句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫被定语从句修饰的词叫_。引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫_ 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the worldwalks out.A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.A real friend is someone who sees our true self,not just the face that we show to the world.the mode
4、rn tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love.“Sharing”our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us.“Liking”our friends photos online does not develo
5、p the connection which we share.总结：总结：在在_句句中中,修饰修饰_ 的从的从句叫定语从句。句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫被定语从句修饰的词叫_。引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫_ 复合复合名词、代词或名词短语名词、代词或名词短语先行词先行词关系代词或关系副词关系代词或关系副词who,whom,whose,which,that由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 A restrictive relative clause modifies a noun,pronoun or noun phrase before it.We use relative pron
6、ouns or relative adverbs to introduce restrictive relative clauses.We use(1)_ for things,and(2)_ and whom for people.We can use(3)_for both things and people.We use(4)_ to show possession.whichwhothatwhose关系词的实质关系词的实质Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.that/who/whomThe
7、 girl 连接作用，连接主句和定语从句连接作用，连接主句和定语从句;指代先行词指代先行词;在定语从句中担当成分。在定语从句中担当成分。we saw yesterday is Mary.二、关系代词的用法1that的用法that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语、状语或表语，而且作宾语或状语时常可省略。This is the book.I want to read it.This is the book(that)I want to read.这就是我想读的那本书。(that)指代the book，在定语从句中充当宾语)即学即练使用定语从句合并句子，并写出关系词that在从句中作什
8、么成分This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house.This is the house _(that在定语从句中作_)Jack is no longer a lazy boy.He used to be a lazy boy.Jack is no longer a lazy boy _(that在定语从句中作_)The boy is Tom.The boy is studying in the classroom.The boy _ is Tom.(that在定语从句中作_)(that)Lu Xun once lived in宾语that h
9、e used to be表语that is studying the classroom主语2which的用法which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，常与that互换使用。The houses overlook the lake.They cost more.The houses which/that overlook the lake cost more.俯瞰湖泊的房子价格高一些。(which指代the houses，在定语从句中充当主语)即学即练单句语法填空Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy.Finally he r
10、eached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.that/whichthat/which3who的用法who指人，在定语从句中通常作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The tall man is Yao Ming.Yao Ming is playing basketball.The tall man who is playing basketball is Yao Ming.正在打篮球的那个很高的人是姚明。(who指代Yao Ming，在定语从句中充当主语)即学即练写出下面句子中who作什么成分Dicks
11、on is an able worker who we all value highly._The boy who is standing there is my cousin._宾语表语4whom的用法whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。This is the girl.I met the girl in the street.This is the girl whom I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。(whom指代the girl，在定语从句中充当宾语)即学即练翻译句子大家都喜欢的这位男士很善良。_杰克不再是五年前我见到的杰克了。_The man
12、(whom)everyone likes is Jack.Jack is no longer the person that/who/whom I met five years ago.5whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，指人时，相当于of whom the；指物时，相当于of which the。I have read the book.I like its characters very much.I have read the book whose/of which the characters I like very much.我已经读了这本书，我很喜欢它
13、里面的人物。(whose指代先行词the book，在定语从句中充当定语)关系代词的指代与在从句中充当的成分关系代词的指代与在从句中充当的成分关系代词关系代词指代的先行词指代的先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分whowhom which that whose Practice makes perfect.判断下列句中判断下列句中who在定语从句中所作的成分在定语从句中所作的成分The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.Mr Smith is no longer th
14、e man(who)he used to be.用法用法1：who指人指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语或表语时，可省略。作宾语或表语时，可省略。表表主主宾宾判断下列句中判断下列句中which在定语从句中所作的成分在定语从句中所作的成分The modern car is no longer the car(which)it was in the 1930s.These are the trees which were planted last year.表表主主This recorder(which)he is using is made in Jap
15、an.宾宾用法用法2.which 指物、时间、地点、原因或方式，在指物、时间、地点、原因或方式，在 定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语或定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语或 表语时可省略。表语时可省略。判断下列句中判断下列句中that在定语从句中所作的成分在定语从句中所作的成分This is the reason(that)he told me.The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.宾宾主主This is the only way(that)we can find at present.He is no longer t
16、he simple-minded man(that)he was five years ago.宾宾表表用法用法3.that 指人、指人、物、时间、地点、原因或方式物、时间、地点、原因或方式，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语 或表语时，可省略。或表语时，可省略。4.whose 引导的定语从句，既可修饰人，也可引导的定语从句，既可修饰人，也可 修饰物，修饰物，whose 在从句中作定语。在从句中作定语。The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting.The club whose me
17、mbers are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday.whose的先行词指物时，可用的先行词指物时，可用of which代替代替,即即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of which whose title=the title of whichwhose的先行词指人时，可用的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，即代替，即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of whom whose members=the member of whom关系代词的指代与在从句中充当的成分关系代词的指代与在从句中充当的成分关系代词关
18、系代词指代的先行词指代的先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分whowhom which that whose 人人主、宾、表主、宾、表人人宾宾物，时间，地点，物，时间，地点，原因，方式原因，方式主、宾、表主、宾、表人，物，时间人，物，时间,地地点，原因，方式点，原因，方式主、宾、表主、宾、表人，物，地点人，物，地点定定 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?只能用that不能用which的5种情况:This is all that I want from the school.This is the very
19、 book that I have been looking for these days.先行词中有人又有物有人又有物时。先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.只能用that不能用which的5种情况:当先行词被最高级最高级修饰时。The first lesson that I le
20、arned will never be forgotten.当先行词被序数词序数词修饰时。即学即练选词填空：which，thatThe scientist and his achievements _ you told me about are admired by us all.Here is the book _ I told you yesterday.This is the best way _ is to be used against pollution.Here is the English grammar book _，as Ive told you，will help you
21、 improve your English.All the presents _ your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.This is the very book _ I have been looking for.thatthatthatthatthatwhich三、关系代词的省略The man(whom/who)you saw just now is our manager.你刚才见到的那个人是我们的经理。Is there anything(that)I can do for you?有什么我能为你效劳的吗？总结
22、：关系代词在从句中作宾语宾语时，通常可以省略。即学即练请用关系代词填空并用括号标出可以省略的关系代词This is the most interesting story _ I have ever read.This is the person _ story surprised everybody.He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their study.Who was the woman _ you were talking with?thatwhosewhothat1.(2021全国甲卷)The Xian C
23、ity Wall is the most complete city wall_ has survived Chinas long history.2.(2021新高考卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something_ you must try after the climb.3.(八省联考).and it may even become the winning choice but be sure to carefully evaluate every school _ has accepted you,since you h
24、ad particular reasons for applying to each school.4.(全国III卷)In the cafe,customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment _is created for them.that(that)that/whichthat/which冲关训练5.(2020全国卷)In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike.6.(2019全国卷)They were well trained
25、by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals.7.(江苏卷)Many lessons are now available online,from _ students can choose for free.8.(天津卷)Dr.Rowan,_ secretary resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing.9(浙江卷)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _gives
26、off light in the dark.whosewhowhichwhosethat/which冲关训练The plane is a machine.The machine can fly.The plane is a machine that can fly.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词Observing and Summarizing关系词关系词Step 2 Observing and SummarizingPeppa Pig is a cartoon.It is popular with children worldwide.Peppa Pig is a cartoon which
27、is popular with children.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Zhong Nanshan is a highly respected doctor for the fight against COVID-19 who/whom/that we Chinese people consider our super hero.Step 2 Observing and SummarizingZhong Nanshan is a highly respected doctor for the fight against COVID-19 We Chinese people c
28、onsider him as our super hero.定语从句定语从句关系词关系词先行词先行词I am a spaceman.A spaceman is a person.He works and travels in space.A spaceman is a person who works and travels in space.a personHe who先行词先行词关系代词代替先行词关系代词代替先行词a person 在从句中做主语在从句中做主语用定语从句合并句子This is the scientist.His achievements are well known.Thi
29、s is the scientist _Dont stand close to the house.Its roof is under repair.Dont stand close to the house _whose achievements are well knownwhose roof is under repairRewrite the following sentences using restrictive relative clauses.1.Common interests provide rich ground.Many friendships grow from ri
30、ch ground.Common interests provide rich ground_.2.When friends communication is warm and open,friendships grow best.Friendships grow best between friends _.(which/that)many friendships grow fromwhose communication is warm and open3.Friendships are like flowers.These flowers need to be taken good car
31、e of.Friendships are like flowers_.4.A relationship with a true friend will surely produce fruit.You can count on a true friend.A relationship with a true friend_ will surely produce fruit.which/that need to be taken good care ofwhom you can count on5.You have been helped by others.To make friends,y
32、ou should help others in the same way.To make friends,you should help others the way _.that you have been helped by othersMake a sentence according to the picture,using Attributive Clause.This is a festival.This is an animal.English Weekly is the newspaper.Zhang Guimei is a great woman.This is an activity.This is a school.必刷题必刷题 第五期报纸第五期报纸HomeworkThank you for watching!
