1、Unit 1Reading 1The evolution of video and sound devices 高中英语高中英语 必修（第一册）必修（第一册）Unit 1 Back to schoolGrammar and usageSentence elements and sentence structures思维导图解析 1.S+V 主语谓语主语谓语2.S+V+O 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语3.S+V+O+O 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语4.S+V+O+C 主语谓语宾语宾语补足语主语谓语宾语宾语补足语5.S+V+P 主语系动词表语主语系动词表语Exploring the
2、 rules主语主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。指出句子的主语，并说出由什么充当1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim
3、 in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isnt at home is not true1.The subject and the _ are necessary parts of a sente
4、nce.2.A transitive verb is always followed by a(n)_.3.Some verbs can have two objects.The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing.4.The object complement adds more information about the object.verbobjectWorking out the rulesExploring the rules一.S(主)+Vi(不及物动词)（谓）Time(
5、s)+flies(Vi)1)S+Vi+adverbial(副词作状语副词作状语)Birds sing beautifully.2）S+Vi+Prep phase(介词短语作状语介词短语作状语)He went on holiday.3）S+Vi+Infinitive(不定式作状语不定式作状语)We stopped to have a rest.4）S+Vi+Participle(现在分词作状语现在分词作状语)I will go swimming.1.S+V(1)The sun was shinning.(2)We all breathe,eat and drink.(3)His parents
6、have worked in the factory for 10 years.Exploring the rulesTranslation-SVIELTS 1.没有受过高等教育的年轻人只能找到低技术的工作。没有受过高等教育的年轻人只能找到低技术的工作。Young people without higher education qualifications normally end up working in low-skilled jobs.2.电脑对人的交流技能的影响随年龄而变化。电脑对人的交流技能的影响随年龄而变化。The impact of computers on communica
7、tion skills varies across ages.3.审美观是因文化而异的。审美观是因文化而异的。Perception of beauty differs from culture to culture.二二.S（主）（主）+Vt(及物动词及物动词)（谓）（谓）+Object(宾宾)-We like English.1）S+Vt+N/Pron(名词或代词作宾语名词或代词作宾语)I like music./I like her.2）S+Vt+Infinitive(不定式作宾语不定式作宾语)I want to help him.常用于这个句型的动词有：常用于这个句型的动词有：attem
8、pt,dare,decide,desire,expect,hope,wish,intend,learn,need,offer,pretend,promise,propose,refuse,want,manage,plan,fail,try,agree等。等。3)S+Vt+疑问词疑问词 +Infinitive（疑问词加不定式作宾语）（疑问词加不定式作宾语）I dont know what to do.常用于这个句型的动词有：常用于这个句型的动词有：ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,guess,inquire,know,lea
9、rn,observe,remember,see,settle,tell,think,understand,wonder 等。等。4）S+Vt+Gerund(动名词作宾语动名词作宾语)I enjoy living here.常用于这个句型的动词有：常用于这个句型的动词有：admit,advise,avoid,consider,defend,enjoy,excuse,finish,forbid,mind,miss,practice,risk,suggest,give up,cant help,imagine,appreciate,escape,permit,put off,devote to,ma
10、ke a contribution to,look forward to,feel like,get/be used to,pay attention to,have trouble/difficulty in,be fond of,be worth 等。等。2.S+V+O(1)Who knows the answer?(2)He enjoys reading.(3)He has refused to help them.(4)He admits that he was wrong.Exploring the rulesTranslation-SVOIELTS 1.经常做运动会提高人的自信。R
11、egular exercise can increase ones self-confidence.2.数学质量对学生成绩有很大影响。The quality of teaching can make a huge difference to students academic performance.3.家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。Parents and teachers should make an effort to limit childrens screen time.4.经济的下滑导致失业率的上升。Economic slowdown has led to a climb
12、ing unemployment rate.5.工作量大的人没有时间去休息。People with heavy workload do not have adequate time to rest.6.密度种植对生物多样性造成了威胁。Intensive farming can pose a threat to bio-diversity.7.平等接受教育能帮助解决学生学习成绩不好的问题。Equal access to education can help tackle educational underachievement.8.接触不同的文化可以促进创新。Exposure to differ
13、ent cultures can encourage creativity.三.S（主）+Vt（谓）+Indirect Object(间宾)+Direct Object(直宾)【双宾】eg.I give you help.1)S+Vt+N/Porn(间宾)+N(直宾)I sent him a book./I bought Mary a book.2)S+Vt+N(直宾)+to/for+N/Porn(间宾)I sent a book to him./He bought a coat for me.3.S+V+O+O(1)He brought you a dictionary.(2)He show
14、ed me how to run the machine.Exploring the rules Translation-SVOOIELTS.政府应该给一些城市提供资金去保护历史建筑。Government should offer some cities funds to preserve historic buildings.四.S（主）+Vt（谓）+Object(宾)+OC(宾补)【复合宾语】1)S+Vt+N/Porn(宾)+N(宾补)We named our baby Tom.（Note：表示独一的头衔、职位或身份的名词作宾语补足语，不用冠词）常用于这个句型的动词有：appoint，ca
15、ll，choose，elect，entitle，find，make，name，nominate（命名）.2)S+Vt+N/Porn(宾)+adj.(宾补)He painted the wall white.常用于这个句型的动词有：think，find，get，hold，keep，leave，like，make，paint，see，set，turn，want，wash，wipe，wish 3)S+Vt+N/Porn(宾)+prep phrase(宾补)She always keeps everything in good order.4)S+Vt+N/Porn(宾)+infinitive(不定式
16、做宾补)The teacher asked him to leave./I made him work.常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to 的词：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,choose,command,decide,encourage,expect,force,get,hate,invite,know,leave,like,love,order,permit,persuade,prefer,remain,request,teach,tell,want,warn,wish.b)不定式不带to 的词：feel,have,hear,know,let,listen to
17、,look at,make,notice,see,watch.5)S+Vt+N/Porn+(宾)+participle（分词做宾补）I heard my name called./I feel something moving.常用于这句型的动词有：catch，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep，leave，listen to，look at，notice，observe，perceive，see，set，smell，start，watch4.S+V+O+C (1)They painted the door green.(2)We saw him out.
18、(3)He asked me to get back soon.Exploring the rulesTranslation-SVOCIELTS 1.法律应该将醉驾定位刑事犯罪。Legislation should make drink driving a criminal offence.2.人口老龄化促使国家提高法定退休年龄（statutory retirement age）The aging population has promoted countries to raise the statutory retirement age.五.S（主）+V（系动词）+predicative(表
19、)常见系动词常见系动词1.A.状态系动词状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。如：He is a teacher.他是一名教师。B.表表“像像”系动词系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look。如：Something seems wrong.好像出差错了。He appears young.他看起来很年轻。C.终止系动词终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out,表达“证实”，“变成”之意。如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（
20、turn out表终止性结果）What he predicted turned out(to be)wrong.他预言的结果是错的。2.持续系动词持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand。如：He kept silent at the meeting.他开会时保持沉默。This matter remains a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。The food stays fresh in the fridge.食物在冰箱里仍然很新鲜。The house stood empty for years.房子空了数年。3.感官系动词
21、感官系动词感官系动词主要有look“看起来”，feel“摸起来”,smell“闻起来”,sound“听起来”,taste“尝起来”。This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。4.变化系动词变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样。变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run。He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。H
22、e fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。Eggs go bad easily in summer.蛋夏天容易变坏。His face went red.他的脸变红了。What he had dreamt of came true.他的梦想实现了。Still waters run deep.静水流深。如何辨别系动词She looks beautiful.Look at the picture.He felt the book with his right hand.The silk feels soft.looks变为变为is之后，她是美丽的，句意之后，她是美丽的，句意没有大的变化，
23、没有大的变化，looks是系动词。是系动词。look不能换为be,为实义动词feel是是“摸摸”的意思，不能换为的意思，不能换为was,是实义动词。是实义动词。这种丝绸摸起来很柔软，这种丝绸摸起来很柔软，feels换为换为is之后，句意变化不大，因此是系之后，句意变化不大，因此是系动词。动词。有一个最简便的方法，即用连系动词有一个最简便的方法，即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立且句意变化不大就是连系动词；反之，动词，句子仍然成立且句意变化不大就是连系动词；反之，不能替换的，就是实义动词。不能替换的，就是实义动词。有些动词既可作连系动词，又可以作实义动词。如何来辨
24、别呢？辨别下列斜体动词是系动词还是实义动词。1.The door stays open at night.2.He tasted the food,and the food tasted delicious.3.The book still lies open on the desk.4.What he said proved true.5.He cant proved his theory(理论).指出下列句中的系动词。1.His advice proved right.2.The shop stays open till 8 oclock.3.The machine went wrong.
25、4.All these efforts seem in vain.5.These words sound reasonable.6.The room soon became crowded.7.The days are getting longer and longer.8.He fell ill yesterday.9.Trees turn green in spring.10.What you said sounds great.表语表语表语表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,t
26、urn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、分词、不定式、动名词、介词短语及表语从句表示。指出下列句中的表语，并说明有什么充当1.Our teacher of English is an American.2.Is it yours?3.The weather has turned cold.4.The speech is exciting.5.Three times seven is twenty one.6.His job is to teach English.7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football.8.The machine mus
27、t be under repairs.9.The truth is that he has never been abroad.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语该句型中该句型中,谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词有：达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词有：1.Be动词动词；seem,appear；turn out,prove。2.表感官的系动词表感官的系动词。如。如look,sound，taste,smell,
28、feel,等等3.表变化的系动词表变化的系动词。如。如become,get,turn,grow,come,go,fall 等。等。4.表持续的系动词表持续的系动词。如。如remain,keep,stay,stand等。等。5.可带名词作表语的系动词可带名词作表语的系动词。如。如be,become,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如。如:He turned teacher.)等。等。总结归纳总结归纳二、请用二、请用“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语”句型翻译下列句子。句型翻译下列句子。1.这台机器的情况良好。这台机器的情况良好。1
29、.This machine is in good condition.2.丝绸摸起来又软又滑。丝绸摸起来又软又滑。2.Silk feels soft and smooth.3.他突然病倒了。他突然病倒了。3.He has suddenly fallen ill./He suddenly fell ill.4.他静静地站着。他静静地站着。4.He stood quite still.5.电梯坏了。电梯坏了。5.The lift is out of order/has gone wrong.6.未来几天天气将持续寒冷。未来几天天气将持续寒冷。6.It will stay/remain cold(f
30、or)several days.7.我希望你梦想成真。我希望你梦想成真。(come true)。7.I hope your dream will come true.8.这首歌听起来很动听。这首歌听起来很动听。8.The song sounds very beautiful.9.那就是他工作的地方。那就是他工作的地方。(表语从句表语从句)9.That is where he works.10.他的工作是在工厂里控制机器。他的工作是在工厂里控制机器。10.His job is to control machines in the factory.11.他迟到的原因就是他起床迟了。他迟到的原因就是
31、他起床迟了。(表表语从句语从句)（The reason is that)11.The reason for his being late was that he got up late.12.我昨晚很快就睡着了。我昨晚很快就睡着了。12.I fell fast asleep last night.Translation-SVPIELTS 1.很多女孩都不愿意在男人居多的行业里（male-dominated world)Many girls are not willing to seek employment in a male-dominated world.2.学生的主要功能是给下一代灌输知
32、识（impact knowledge）The main function of schools is to impact knowledge to the generation.3.艺术不属于学校的主科。The arts are not among core subject areas at school.We found the hall full.We found the great hall full of students and teachers.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an
33、 important report.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by our principal about how to realize our potential.Applying the rulesUnderline the object of each sentence.(1)My brother hasnt done his homework.(2)People all over the world speak English.(
34、3)How many new words did you learn last class?(4)Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?(5)The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.ConsolidationUnderline the predicative of each sentence.(1)The old man was feeling very tired.(2)The leaves have turned yellow.(3)S
35、oon they all became interested in the subject.ConsolidationUnderline the attributive of each sentence.(1)What is your given name?(2)I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.(3)The man downstairs was trying to sleep.(4)I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!ConsolidationUnderline the o
36、bject complement of each sentence.(1)She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.(2)He asked her to take the boy out of school.(3)She found it difficult to do the work.(4)They call me Lily sometimes.(5)I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.ConsolidationUnderline the adverbial of e
37、ach sentence.(1)There was a big smile on her face.(2)Every night he heard the noise upstairs.(3)He began to learn English when he was eleven.(4)The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.Consolidation(5)With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.(6)She loves the library because she loves books.(7)I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.(8)The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.ConsolidationHomework1.Read this article aloud.2.Finish the workbook.谢谢 谢谢
