1、20212021届高考英语二轮复习语法届高考英语二轮复习语法专题专题22冠词冠词1命题规律命题规律：2020年新高考I卷及近五年课标卷在语篇型填空中对冠词的考查集中在冠词的基本用法上，冠词的习惯用法已经成为高考的难点之一。命题趋势命题趋势：对冠词的考察仍会成为高考语篇型填空的重点，而且对冠词的考察往往不给提示词。重点易错点2一、冠词的泛指、特指泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，也可以指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。3例题：The biggest whale is (the)blue whale,which grows to be about 29 m
2、eters longthe height of 9-story building.答案：the a 4二、不定冠词1、不定冠词的基本用法(1)不定冠词有a,an两种形式。当冠词后的第一个音素为辅音音素（注意不是辅音字母）时，用a;当冠词后的第一个音素为元音音素（注意不是元音字母）时，用an。Eg:a digital camera,an ant,a university,a one-eyed dog,an hour,an X-ray5特别提醒（1）hour,honest,honor等词的拼写虽以辅音字母hour开头，但其读音却以元音开头，以此前面要用an。（2）useful，university
3、,usual,united,European,one-eyed,one-way等单词的拼写虽然以元音字母开头，但其读音却以辅音开头，因此，前面要用a。6（3）如果名词被副词hardly,scarcely,barely,exactly所修饰，或和一个形容词共同修饰时，不定冠词要放在上述副词之后，形容词之前。Eg:This is hardly a right thing to do.这不是一件正确的事。7例题：1.I earn 10 dollars hour as supermarket cashier on Saturdays.2.The teacher asked us to write 80
4、0-word-long composition.3.Christmas is special holiday when the whole family are supposed.答案：1.an a;2.an;3.a82、含不定冠词的常考短语have a cold患感冒have a god time玩得高兴have a gift for.有.的天赋have a word with.与.谈话have/take a rest 休息下have a holiday度假make a living 谋生get a lift/ride 搭便车go on a diet 节食9as a result 因此as
5、a matter of fact 事实上as a rule 通常，照例after a while 一会儿后in a hurry 匆忙in a sense 在某种意义上in a word总之in a moment 一会儿once in a while 偶尔at a loss困惑，不知所措at a distance 离一段距离10for a while暂时，一会儿once upon a time从前all of a sudden突然a waste of.浪费.a matter of.问题have a population.有人口have a history of.有.的历史a collection
6、 of 一批.have a knowledge of（=know）知道have an understanding of（=understand）了解11例题：1.I dont want to have words with you.I prefer to have_ word with you.2.The power supply was cut off.All of_ sudden,the lights went out.3.China has far larger population than Canada.4.The quality of the ambulance service i
7、s_ matter of life and death.答案：1.a;2.a;3.a;4.a12三、定冠词用法：1、用在表示特指的人或物的名词前。Eg:The book on the desk is mine.书桌上的那本书是我的。2、用在姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。Eg:The Chens are going to move to Langfang.姓陈的一家要搬到廊坊去。133、用在世纪、年代、朝代名词前或用在表示方位的名词前。the Tang dynasty唐朝 the Spring and Autumn Period春秋时期in the 1990s/1990s在20世纪90年代
8、the south南方/部4、用在表度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如by the hour/day/week/month year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。Eg:We got paid by the month.我们按月计酬。Meat is sold by weight.肉按重量出售。145、“the+形容词或分词”有时也可表类指。Eg:the wounded伤员the dying垂死之人the unknown未知的事物the deaf耳聋的人6、“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某部”结构中的the不可用物主代词代替
9、。此外，在be red in the face（脸红），be lame in the right leg（右腿瘸），be blind in the left eye（左眼失明）等结构中，名词前也要用the。Eg:An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.一个苹果从树上落下，砸在了他的头上。157、用于江河海洋、山脉群岛、海湾海峡等地理名词前。Eg:The Yellow River is the cradle of Chinese culture.黄河是中华文化的摇篮。The West Lake is famous for its b
10、eautiful scenery.西湖以其美景著称。8、用于含普通名词的国家、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等名称前。Eg:I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次见到长城的情景。169、用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。注意：当两者进行比较时，在比较级前加定冠词起到特指作用，表示“两者中较的一方。Eg:He was the first to speak against slavery.他是第一个发表演说反对奴隶制的人。He is the better of the two.他是两者
11、中较好的那个。10、用于西方乐器前。Eg:play the piano/violin/guitar弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他11、用在same，very，only前构成the same/very/only+名词结构。Eg:He is the very person（=just the person）I am looking for.他正是我在找的人。He is the only poet in this country that deserves the name.他是这个国家唯一一位名副其实的诗人。1712、用在某些固定短语中。in the countryside 在乡下in the end最
12、后，终于in（the）daytime在白天in the habit of习惯于make the most of充分利用in the distance在远处in the way挡路on the whole总的说来on the right/left 在右/左边18at the moment此刻for the time being暂时in the meantime同时at the end of.的尽头in the playground在操场上go to the doctors去看医生by the way顺便提-下the other day前几天on the radio/phone通过无线电广播/电话
13、on the spot在现场，当场，当下19to tell（you）the truth说实话，老实说go to the cinema去看电影not in the least（=not at all）一点也不on the one handon the other hand.一方面，另一方面.for the most part通常，多半all the time一直特别提醒：1、定冠词通常放在all,both,double,exactly,just等词之后。2、定冠词要放在half,twice,much之后。20例题：1.The little boy took the blind man by ar
14、m and walked him across the street.2.Then,Smiths were listening to the boy who was playing piano.3.In fact,Chinese language is the m most difficult one in the world.4.I think Tom is cleverer of the two boys who is first to solve the problem.5.Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his
15、 way to Java in thirteenth century.答案：1.the;2.the the;3.the;4.the the;5.the the21四、零冠词用法：1、不可数名词，复数名词表泛指用零冠词。Eg:My father went to his doctor for advice about his heart trouble.我父亲去了他的医生那里寻求关于他的心脏病的建议。He likes to read novels.他喜欢读小说。222、名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，each，no，any等限定词时不再用冠词。Eg:She is not m
16、y type of woman.她不是我心目中的那类女人。He went to some place in France.他到法国某地去了。Each student must hand in his exercise book.每个学生必须上交他的作业本。233、零冠词的用法口诀：月、季、星期、节假、洲，称呼、头衔、职务前；三餐球类、惯用语；学科、棋类名词前。但以上用法是相对而言的，在不同的句子中，可能会用到不定冠词或定冠词。因此，用哪种冠词要视情况而定。Eg:A year can be divided into four seasonsspring，summer，autumn and win
17、ter.一年可以分 为四个季节春、夏、秋、冬。Mr.Li is chairman of the meeting.李先生是本次会议的主席。The organization was founded in the spring of（the year）2010.这个组织是在2010年的春天成立的。244、英语中常见的不可数名词有：baggage，luggage，furniture，health,weather，fun，space（太空），advice，progress,information，news，luck，wealth（财产）等。以上不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用。Eg:Beyond the s
18、tars，the astronaut saw nothing but space.除了星星，那个宇航员只看见了太空。5、系动词turn（变成）后的单数名词作表语用零冠词。Eg:Has he turned scientist？他成为科学家了吗？256、“零冠词+单数名词+as though+主语+谓语+主句”，意为“虽然/尽管.，但是”Eg:Hero as he is，he has some shortcomings.他虽然是英雄，但是也有一些缺点。7、用在一些固定短语中。at college 在上大学at dark天黑时at dinner在吃饭at home在家里at peace处于和平状态2
19、6in addition另外in advance预先in good condition情况良好in good order有条不紊lose weight减肥on business因公出差pay attention to注意27例题：1.Tom is Bills best friend.2.The Smiths often have lunch at half past twelve.3.1 like milk and orange juice very much.4.Gone are the days when man conquered nature.5.The boys are playin
20、g basketball over there on playground.28答案：1./名词所有格前不用冠词。2./have与三餐之间不用冠词。3./；/物质名词表泛指，其前不需冠词。4./；/句意：人定胜天的日子一去不复返了。man当“人类”讲时，前面不用冠词；nature作“自然界”讲时，表示泛指，前面也不用冠词。5./；the play与球类运动之间不需冠词；on the playground在操场上。29五、冠词的活用1、表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，如：sun，moon，earth，universe，world 等，常与定冠词连用，但该名词前有形容词修饰时，可以与不定冠词连用。
21、Eg:The moon travels around the earth.月亮围着地球转。A bright moon is hanging in the sky.一轮明月正悬挂在空中。We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。We are building a new world.我们正在建立一个新世界。302、“the+形容词最高级表示比较，意为最的；“a/an+形容词最高级无比较含义。Eg:It is the most useful dictionary.它是最有用的词典。It is a most useful dictionary.（most
22、=very）它是一本非常有用的词典。3、“the+序数词表示次序；“a/an+序数词”不表示与其他人或物排序，而表示“又一，再一”Eg:It is the second time that he has visited the city.这是他第二次参观这座城市。（表示次序）Can you give me a second chance？（a second=another）你能再给我一次机会吗？31六、有无冠词意义迥异的情况at table在吃饭at the table在桌子旁at school上学at the school在学校by day白天by the day按日计算go to bed上
23、床睡觉（侧重活动）go to the bed朝床边走去（侧重地点）go to church做礼拜（侧重活动）go to the church去教堂（侧重地点）32in hospital住院in the hospital在医院in charge of掌管in the charge of由掌管in place of取代in the place of在.的位置上in office执政in the office 在办公室内in possession of占有in the possession of被.占有leave school辍学leave the school离开学校33out of questi
24、on毫无疑问out of the question不可能two of us我们中的两个the two of us我们两个in front of.(外部）的前面in the front of.（内部）的前部34例题：1.This shop is in charge of Mr.Green and his wife is in charge of the housework.2.Robots will never take place of man.3.Tom was ill in hospital while his parents were at church on Sunday.4.Its
25、out of question that he can pass the driving test,for he has been training for a long time while its out of question for me to pass the driving test.5.Mr.Green is in possession of a garden and this store is in possession of him too.35答案：1.the；/in the charge of由.主管；in charge of主管.。2.the take the place of代替。3./；/in hospital 住院；at church在做礼拜。4./；the out of question 毫无疑问；out of the question不可能。5./；the in possession of拥有；in the possession of为（某人）所拥有。3637
