1、 【非谓语动词】【非谓语动词】 【考纲解读】 近几年对于非谓语动词的句法功能考查越来越多，尤其是语篇填空和改错题型考查较多，甚至在完形 填空的选项中也多有涉及。首先需要考生了解非谓语动词的基本形式及其时态和语态的变化形式；其次， 需要考生牢固掌握非谓语动词的语法功能和非谓语动词题目的解题思路，并能在具体的语境中正确运用。 【命题趋势】【命题趋势】 1. 近年来对非谓语动词的考查较多的关注与语境的结合， 尽管出发点还是仍是非谓语动词的基本用法， 这种考查形式是在理解语境和句意的基础上设置的。 2. 今后非谓语动词的考查依然占有较高的比重，尤其是非谓语动词做定语和状语的用法，同时试题设 置将会继续
2、结合语境，难度适中。 3. 高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础 知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时 态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。 4. 动词不定式的考查主要集中在一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考 查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。 【名师指导】【名师指导】 1. 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。对非谓语动词类考 题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断出是否是非谓语动词，找准相关动词的逻辑主语，
3、再通过分析句子成 分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词。 例如：作主语、宾语用动名词或动词不定式；作状语常用分词：目的状语常用动词不定式，伴随状语 则常用现在分词等。 2. 确定为非谓语动词后，再观察非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系以及动作发生的时间， 由此判断出正确的时态、语态形式。 非谓语动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系，常用现在分词、动词不定式或动名词的一般式；是被动关系，则 用过去分词、- ing 形式或动词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语 动词要用完成式（to have done/to have been done/ having done/ Havin
4、g been done），否则我们要用非谓语的 一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being done / done）。 不定式来源:学科网 动名词来源:Z.xx.k.Com来源:Z_xx_k.Com 分词来源:学,科,网 Z,X,X,K 现在分词 过去分词 一般式 主动式 to do doing doing done 被动式 to be done being done being done / 进行式 主动式 to be doing / / / 被动式 / / / / 完成式 主动式 to have done having done having done /
5、 被动式 to have been done having been done having been done / 一、非谓语动词作主语 1. It 作形式主语，不定式为真正主语 It takes/took sb. st. to do sth. Its + adj. + to do sth. Its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. Its + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 2. It 作形式主语，动名词为真正主语 Its no us e doing sth. Its no good doing sth. Its no pleasure do
6、ing sth. Its worthwhile doing sth. Its useless doing sth. Its a waste of time doing sth. 二、非谓语动词作宾语 1. v. + to do decide determine learn want would like wish expect refuse manage pretend demand prom ise choose plan ask beg offer intend fail afford long seem happen prepare hesitate desire hope agree
7、prove attempt 2. v. + doing enjoy consider escape avoid risk deny appreciate miss permit allow include admit mind imagine fancy stand delay finish suggest mention practice excuse keep resist forgive complete 3. 合成谓语 + to do be + 判断类、趋向类、能愿类 adj. + to do be sure/certain to do be likely to do be ready
8、 to do be able/unable to do be willing /unwilling to do 4. 合成谓语 + doing be busy doing be worth doing 5. 含介词 to 的短语 + doing be/get used to be/get accustomed to get down to look forward to object to prefer.to refer to pay attention to stick to lead to be opposed to give ones life to devote oneself to
9、be devoted to be limited to be equal to apply to contribute to 6. v. + to do & v. + doing 意义区别不大的动词 start begin continue like love dislike hate prefer 7. v. + to do & v. + doing 意义不同的动词 forget / remember / forget + to do 未发生的动作 forget / remember / forget + doing 已发生的动作 go on to do 接着做另一件事 go on doin
10、g 继续做同一件事 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事 mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味着 try to do 尽力做 try doing 尝试做 8. “需要”类动词的用法 want / need / require + doing(表被动) = want / need / require + to be done 三、非谓语动词作表语 1. She is to get married next week. Im to see you off at the airport tomorrow. Yo ure to stand he
11、re. 2. My job is teaching English. His main interest is fishing. 3. The news is disappointing. The children were disappointed. interesting/interested exciting/e xcited confusing/confused frightening/frightened surprising/surprised tiring/tired boring/bored moving/moved puzzling/puzzled 四、非谓语动词作定语 1.
12、 This is the school to be built next year. The train to arrive is from Qingdao. I have a lot of work to do. Ill go to the supermarket. Do you have anything to be bought? He is always the first one to come and the last to leave. There is nothing to worry about. Theres still much to do. 2. waiting roo
13、m = a room for waiting swimming pool walking stick living room sitting room 3. developing country / developed country falling leaves / fallen leaves boiling water / boiled water 五、非谓语动词作状语 1. To improve our English, we come here. They went to the railway station, only to be told that the train had l
14、eft. Im so glad to see you. 2. Hearing the news, he couldnt help laughing.（时间/原因） Given enough time, I can do it better. （条件） Being ill, he didnt go to school. （原因） The glass fell to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果) to do 意料之外结果 doing 意料之中，自然而然 Our teacher came in, followed by many students (伴
15、随) 3. spenddoing have difficulty doing have trouble doing have fun doing have a good time doing have a hard time doing 六、非谓语动词作补足语 1. v. + sb. + to do ask want advise allow encourage force forbid order permit persuade request require tell warn urge expect consider invite teach remind send 2. v. + sb
16、. + do 口诀：宾补省 to 十一个 五看二听一感觉 look at / see / watch / notice / observe 一个帮助两均可 listen to / hear 三个使役紧跟着 feel / help 如若主动变被动 let / make / let 该 to 一定要带着 3. I found my car missing. I will have my watch repaired. 4. have sth. done = get sth. done have sb. do = get sb. to do have. sb. doing = keep sb. do
17、ing 【走向高考】【走向高考】 .单句语法填空 1. (2016 浙江卷)To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study _ (conduct) in Australia in 2012. 2(2016 全国卷)My ambassadorial duties will include _ (introduce) British visitors to the 120 plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the
18、misty mountains of Bifengxia. 3 (2016 全国卷)People probably cooked their food in large pots, _ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. 4(2016 北京卷)_ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand. 5(2016 北京卷)_ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. 6
19、(2015 全国卷)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day. 7(2014 全国卷)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _ (stop) until we reached the next stop. 8(2014 全国卷)Still, the boy kept _ (ride). He was
20、carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. 9(2017 陕西西安一中二模 改编)With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle), the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks. 10(2017 陕西西安二模 改编)_ (judge) from his accent, he is from the south of China. 11(2017 四川成都七中诊断 改编)To his surprise, Jack found his son _ (dress)
21、as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. 12(2017 湖南益阳箴言中学模拟 改编)Nervous and anxious, Jill failed _ (make) a good impression at the job interview. 13(2016 四川卷)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something _ (eat)! 14(2015 全国卷)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regula
22、rly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 15(2015 全国卷)A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 16. (2018 北京) _ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding expe
23、rience 17. (2018 北京) During the Mid- Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. 18. (2018 北京) Ordinary soap, _(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 19. ( 2018 天津) I didnt mean _(eat) anything but the ice cream looked s
24、o good that I couldnt help_( try) it. 20. ( 2018 天津 ) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_(take). 21. (2018江苏)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period,_(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts. 22. (2018 新课标 I 卷)You dont have to run fast or
25、for long (see) the benefit. 23. (2018 新课标 I 卷)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 24. (2018 新课标 III 卷) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay)and watch. .单句语法改错 1(2016 全国卷)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes._ 2
26、(2015 陕西卷)My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！_ 3(2017 湖北八校联考)With my eyes filling with tears, I came into Mr Lis office._ 4(2017 浙江重点中学协作体联考)But now we often discuss and try to solve the problems raising by the teachers or ourselves._ 5(2017
27、 江西红色六校联考)The ability express ones idea somehow decides how far one can get along in ones college._ 6(2017 黑龙江大庆铁人中学月考)The office of the Students Union will contact the choosing candidates for an interview in a few days._ 7For the whole afternoon they sang and danced happily without think about thei
28、r schoolwork._ 8Having something to do on the tra in, I couldnt help think about the scene of leaving and felt terribly sorry._ 9(2014 广东卷)We got a little _ (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind._ 10(2013 四川卷)After think for some time, I let her copy my answers._ 11. (2018 新
29、课标 I 卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. _ 12. (2018 新课标 II 卷)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me._ 13. (2018 新课标 III 卷) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called u
30、pon t o read his and her paragraph aloud._ 14. (2018 江西省临川一中 2018 届高三模拟考)Despite a famous scientist, Lu lives a simply and humble life, using broken furniture dated back to the 1980s in his home._ 15. (2018 湖北省襄阳四中 2018 届高三 5 月第四次模拟)As I practiced skating, he always created a relaxed atmosphere and
31、put forward some specific advice._ 16. (2018 河南省郑州市 2018 届高三下学期第三次模拟)What impressed me most was an activity calling “Learning to Farm”._ 【参考答案】【参考答案】 .单句语法填空 1解析：句意：回到水污染问题，我想让你们看一下澳大利亚在 2012 年进行的研究。study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系，且设空处表示“完成”，故用过去分词作后置定语。 答案：conducted 2解析：分析句子结构可知，will include 在句中作谓语，include
32、 为及物动词，其后加名词或动名词作 宾语，再结合提示词 introduce 和空后的名词 visitors 可知，此处应用动名词作宾语。 答案：introducing 3解析：考查现在分词作状语，people 与 use 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。 答案：using 4解析：句意：要想更容易地联系到我们，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。根据句意可知这里应用动词 不定式作目的状语，故答案为 To make。 答案：To make 5解析：句意：这些书一个多星期前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。order 与逻辑主语 the books 之间为被动关系，且动作已经完成，故答案为 Ordered
33、。 答案：Ordered 6答案：to cool 7解析：refuse to do sth.表示“拒绝做某事”。 答案：to stop 8解析：表示“继续(不间断地)做某事”时，要用 keep doing sth.，相当于 continue doing sth.。 答案：riding 9 解析： 句意为： 因为有许多难题要解决， 经理感觉像热锅上的蚂蚁。 此处为 with 的复合结构， difficult problems 与 settle 之间为主动关系，且“解决难题”发生在将来，故用不定式作宾补，表示将要发生的动作。 答案：to settle 10解析： 句意为：从他的口音判断，他来自中国
34、南方。judging from 意为“从判断”，为独立成分， 作状语时不用考虑它和句子主语之间的关系。 答案：Judging 11解析：句意为：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。此处为“find 宾语宾语补足语”的结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。dress 意为“给(某人)穿衣 ”，常用于 dress sb.或 sb. be/get dressed 结构。 答案：dressed 12解析：句意为：又紧张又焦虑，吉尔没有在面试中给人留下好印象。fail to do sth.为固定搭配，意 为“未做到某事”，故填 to make。 答案：to make 13解析：句意：25
35、天里，它(熊猫)从没离开过它的孩子，甚至不出去找吃的东西。分析句子结构可 知，此处 something 是 eat 逻辑上的宾语，要使用不定式作定语。故此处应填 to eat。 答案：to eat 14解析：此句有谓语动词 arranges，可判断此处填非谓语动词，people 和 live 存在主动关系，故用现 在分词作后置定语。 答案：living 15解析：此句有谓语动词 names，可判断此处填非谓语动词，study 和 conduct 存在被动关系，故用过 去分词作后置定语。 答案：conducted 16. 解析：考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“_ a
36、long the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词。 答案：Traveling 17. 解析：考查非谓语动词。中秋节期间家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，品尝月饼。家人聚在一起的目的 是吃饭，品尝月饼，故用 to do 不定式。 答案：to share 18. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively 是主句，_ correctly 是条件状语，修饰 ordinary soap，ordinary soap 和 use 之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词. 答案
37、：used 19. 解析：考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住 的要试一试。固定短语短语 mean to do（打算做），couldnt help doing 忍不住做。 答案：to eat； trying 20. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词 作宾语补足语，宾语 my photograph 与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。 答案： taken 21. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造 13,500 个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的 12,000 的预期数量。分
38、析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。 答案： exceeding 22. 解析：考查非谓语动词。你不必跑得太快或者时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式短语作目的 状语，故填不定式。 答案：to see 23. 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处 of 是介词，故用动名词。 答案： dying 24. 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处 allow sb to do 允许某人做某事，故用动词不定式作宾补。 答案： to stay .单句语法改错 1解析：句意：我通过穿奇装异服向他们表示我是独立的。介词 by 后需跟动名词作宾语。 答案：wearwearing 2解析：分析句
39、子结构可知介词 of 后是动名词的复合结构，故用动名词形式。 答案：enjoyenjoying 3答案：fillingfilled 4答案：raisingraised 5答案：express 前加 to 6答案：choosingchosen 7答案：thinkthinking 8答案：thinkthinking 9解析：本题考查“get过去分词”表示状态。got 在该题中为连系动词，且 sunburn 与 We 之间为动宾 关系，故应用过去分词作表语。因此，答案为 sunburned 或 sunburnt。 答案：sunburned 或 sunburnt 10解析：介词 after 之后应用
40、v.ing 形式。 答案：thinkthinking 11. 解析：sell 改成 selling 考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词 by 后用动名 词，故用 selling。 答案：sellselling 12. 解析：考查动词不定式。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故把 watching 改为 watch。 答案：watchingwatch 13. 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为 was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关 系，所以 wait 要用非谓语 waiting，表伴随。 答案：waitwaiting 14. 解析：
41、考查非谓语动词。 date back to“追溯到”， date 是不及物动词， 无被动式， 作定语修饰 furniture， 用现在分词。故将 dated 改为 dating。 答案: dateddating 15. 解析：考查现在分词。句意：他总是创造一个令人放松的氛围。故把 relaxed 改成 relaxing。 答案：relaxedrelaxing 16. 解析： 考查非谓语。句意：我印象最深的是一个叫“学习农场”的活动。分析句子 What impressed me most was an activity calling “Learning to Farm”可知，本句的 calling “Learning to Farm”作定语修饰名词 an activity。 an activity被称为“Learning to Farm”， 二者是被动关系， 要用过去分词作定语。 故把calling改为called。 答案：callingcalled
