1、A Little BoyA Little BoyInterpretation of the Text 文本解读文本解读A storyhowwherewhenwhywhowhatInterpretation of the Text 文本解读文本解读a little boyan old mansell magazinesInterpretation of the Text 文本解读文本解读The boy knocked on the door and waited,sweating from fear of the old man.Dust found the boy lingering on a
2、nd hesitating what to do.The little boy was very afraid.got up the courage and said.The little boy was sad that.He was also sad for the old man.frightenedhesitatingbravesympatheticTip 1:Describe what a character does in detail to show his personalities or feelings vividly.Interpretation of the Text文
3、本解读文本解读.a house that people rarely visitedThe house was very old and shabby and the owner hardly ever came outThe boys parents told him to stay away from the house,and.neighborhood children were told the same thing from their parents.the old man said impatientlyThe old man just stared.without a word
4、.The old man was ready to close the door on the boy and said.hard to get on withunfriendlyInterpretation of underlined words and given information划线词和续写首句解读划线词和续写首句解读(G-N Strategy）1.Interpretation of given information首句解读：Para.1 The little boy headed back down to the old mans house.Plotdevelopment:E
5、motional development:the old man became very angrythe little boy presented his dog figurine as a gift to the old manthe old man was moved by the boys kindnessInterpretation of underlined words and given information划线词和续写首句解读划线词和续写首句解读(G-N Strategy）1.Interpretation of given information首句解读：Para.2 Fro
6、m that day on something changed inside the old man.PlotDevelopment:Emotional development:the old man went out of his house and greeted his neighbors with a bright smileoptinistic about lifenever felt lonely anymore 2.Interpretation of underlined words下划线词解读：magazines，neighbors，the door，the old man，t
7、he little boy，quota，dog figurines，collections，lonely soul，real live dogCharactersPlaceOthersneighbors,the old man,the little boythe doormagazines,quota,dog figurines,collections,lonely soul,real live dogInterpretation of underlined words and given information划线词和续写首句解读划线词和续写首句解读Interpretation of wri
8、ting ideas写作思路解读写作思路解读angrypresent the dog figurine as a giftmovedoptimistic&happyIdea 1:Interpretation of writing ideas 写作思路解读写作思路解读Idea 2:angrypresent the dog figurine as a giftmovedTip 2:Make an outline by using a mind map(思维导图).The Micro-skills Training in writing 表达微技能：表达微技能：inanimate subject 无
9、灵主语无灵主语Para.3:Dust found the boy lingering on and hesitating what to do.Tip 3:Use the inanimate subject to describe the surroundings&the charaters feelings vividly.英语里主语往往采用人称和非人称两种表达形式。用非人称主语表达时，往往注重“什么事发生在什么人身上”，这种修辞方式称之为“无灵主语（无灵主语（inanimate subject）”。“无灵主语”常用来表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等，谓语动词却时常用“有灵动词（
10、animate verb）”表达人或社会团体的动作和行为，如：see，witness，find，bring，take，know，give，send，escape，surround，kill，deprive，serve，tell，permit，stop，invite，drive，preventfrom等，这类句子往往带有拟人化(personification)的修辞色彩。The Micro-skills Training in writing 表达微技能：表达微技能：inanimate subject 无灵主语无灵主语Have a try 牛刀小试：句子翻译与句型转换1.花园里百花盛开，温和的气
11、候在邀请人们参加多样的户花园里百花盛开，温和的气候在邀请人们参加多样的户外活动。外活动。Gardens are in full bloom,_.(运用无灵主语增加语言的表现力)Gardens are in full bloom,_.(运用独立主格结构增强语言的生动性)and the mild climate is inviting people to various outdoor activitiesthe mild climate inviting people to various outdoor activities2.夜幕降临，小男孩饿了，就在大街上哭起来。夜幕降临，小男孩饿了，就在
12、大街上哭起来。Dust _ in the street because he was hungry.(运用无灵主语增加语言的表现力)The night was falling and the boy was hungry,_.(运用定语从句提高语言的多样性)found the boy cryingwhich made him cry in the street The night was falling and the boy was hungry,_.(运用分词短语作状语提高语言的丰富性)_,the boy was hungry and cried in the street.(运用独立主格
13、结构增强语言的生动性)making him cry in the streetThe night falling3.20世纪世纪90年代，电脑的普及使人们的沟通方式发生了巨年代，电脑的普及使人们的沟通方式发生了巨大变化。大变化。The 1990s _ in the way people communicated because computers became more and more popular.(运用无灵主语增加语言的表现力)_,the way people communicated differed a lot in the 1990s.(运用独立主格结构增强语言的生动性)saw
14、great changesWith computers becoming increasingly popular4.和煦的阳光宣告春天的来临，游客们躺在草地上享受大和煦的阳光宣告春天的来临，游客们躺在草地上享受大自然之美。自然之美。A warm sunshine _.(运用无灵主语增加语言的表现力)Visitors lie on the grass _.(运用连动句增加语言的表现力)A warm sunshine _.(运用无灵主语增加语言的表现力)Visitors lie on the grass,_.(运用分词短语作状语提高语言的丰富性)announces the approach of
15、 springand enjoy the beauty of natureannounces the approach of springenjoying the beauty of nature5.一想到要再次敲开老人的门，小男孩感到非常害怕。一想到要再次敲开老人的门，小男孩感到非常害怕。The thought of knocking at the old mans door _ the boy _.(运用无灵主语增加语言的表现力)_,the boy felt very frightened.(运用分词短语作状语提高语言的丰富性)_,the boy felt very frightened.
16、(运用状语从句提高语言的丰富性)filledwith fearThinking of knocking at the old mans doorThe instant/moment he thought of knocking at the old mans door6.老人从不和邻居说话，这使得他成为一个孤独的人。老人从不和邻居说话，这使得他成为一个孤独的人。The old man never talked with his neighbors,_.(运用定语从句提高语言的多样性)7.小男孩跑到老人家门前，满脸是汗。The boy rushed to the old mans house,_
17、.(运用独立主格结构增强语言的生动性)which made him a lonely soulhis face covered with sweat8.老人生气地盯着小男孩，朝他大吼起来。老人生气地盯着小男孩，朝他大吼起来。_,the old man shouted at him.(运用分词短语作状语提高语言的丰富性)9.小男孩有一个狗雕像，是他几年前在一个姑姑那拿到的小男孩有一个狗雕像，是他几年前在一个姑姑那拿到的。The boy had a little dog figurine _.(运用定语从句提高语言的多样性)Staring at the boy with angerthat/whi
18、ch he got some years ago from an aunt10.小男孩站在门口一动不动，手里紧紧握着一个狗雕像。小男孩站在门口一动不动，手里紧紧握着一个狗雕像。The boy stood motionless at the door,_.(运用独立主格结构增强语言的生动性)11.老人被小男孩的行为深深打动，走上前去紧紧抱住孩老人被小男孩的行为深深打动，走上前去紧紧抱住孩子。子。_,the old man went up to hug the boy tightly.(运用分词短语作状语提高语言的丰富性)his hands clutching a dog figurineDeep
19、ly moved by the boys behavior12.老人在对待邻居的方式上发生很大的变化，赢得邻居老人在对待邻居的方式上发生很大的变化，赢得邻居们的赞许。们的赞许。The old man changed a lot _,winning their praise.(运用定语从句提高语言的多样性)13.那个过去曾经孤僻的老人，现在和邻居相处融洽。那个过去曾经孤僻的老人，现在和邻居相处融洽。The old man,_,is now fitting in well with his neighbors.(运用定语从句提高语言的多样性)in the way he treated his ne
20、ighborswho used to be a lonely soulTip 4:Practice writing a sentence with different ways to promote the diversity of expressions.Possible version 1 The boy headed back down to the old mans house.The thought of knocking at the old mans door filled the little boy with fear（无灵主（无灵主语）语）,though,he still
21、knocked on the door,waiting breathlessly（分词短（分词短语作伴随状语）语作伴随状语）.Finally,it opened,and out came the old man（完全倒（完全倒装结构）装结构）.Seeing the boy holding a well-wrapped dog figurine（分词（分词短语作时间状语）短语作时间状语）,he looked very astonished but still glared at him without a word.Determined to break the ice（分词短语作原因状语）（分
22、词短语作原因状语）,the boy gave the old man the gift with a precious card attached（独立主（独立主格）格）,expressing his care（分词短语作伴随状语）（分词短语作伴随状语）.Deeply moved by all the boy did（分词短语作伴随状语）（分词短语作伴随状语）,the old man could say nothing but to hug him tightly,the tears of appreciation welling up（独立主格）（独立主格）.Out of gratitude
23、,he bought a magazine from the boy and saw him off.From that day on something changed inside the old man.He adopted a real live dog and treated him as his child.It seemed that it was the company of the dog that led the lonely soul out of darkness and loneliness.Gradually,he was willing to greet othe
24、rs and wear a bright smile,expressing his appreciation to life（分词短语作伴随状语）（分词短语作伴随状语）.Indeed,only when we open up the door of our heart,can we be bathed in the brilliant sunshine and enjoy the warmth of love and care（部分倒装结构）（部分倒装结构）.评点：无灵主语的合理运用增加了语言的感情色彩，分词短语和独立主格的交替使用，使小男孩的各种情绪表达地淋漓尽致，也让老人的感激之情跃然纸上
25、。最后的运用倒装结构的说理性总结，升华主题，为整个故事画上了圆满的句号。Possible version 2The boy headed back down to the old mans house.The dog figurine witnessed the little boys ending up opening the door once more（无灵主语）（无灵主语）.Upon seeing the boy for a second time,the old man couldnt bring his anger under control any longer.“Havent
26、I told you I need no magazines at all?”He snapped at the boy.“Yes,sir.”said the little boy with an uneasy expression on his face,“But I think you will like the figurine.”Then he handed it to the old man.Taking the figurine from the boys hands（分词短语（分词短语作时间状语）作时间状语）,the lonely soul was so astonished t
27、hat words failed to convey his emotions（无灵主语）（无灵主语）,tears welling up in his eyes（独立主格）（独立主格）.“Thank you so much!”he said to the boy tenderly.From that day on something changed inside the old man.The neighborhood always found the old man hanging out and smiling at everyone（无灵主语）（无灵主语）.He showed his p
28、recious collections to children who were now very willing to play with him.He used to collect figurines in memory of a real live dog which had kept company with him for a long time before it died.But now,he wasnt drowned in the sorrows and loneliness anymore.He had realized the true spirit of life!评
29、点：无灵主语的恰当运用增加了语言的丰富性，分词短语和独立主格的交替使用加强了肢体语言的表现力。文章最后对比老人的从前和现在，突出体现了小男孩使他产生的巨大变化，升华了主题，也带给故事一个完美的结局。Continue the story with the skills we have learnt today.1.沈从文的创作风格趋向浪漫主义，他要求小说的诗意效果，融写实、纪梦、象征于一体，语言格调古朴，句式简峭、主干突出，单纯而又厚实，朴讷而又传神，具有浓郁的地方色彩，凸现出乡村人性特有的风韵与神采。2.沈从文创作的小说主要有两类，一种是以湘西生活为题材，一种是以都市生活为题材，前者通过描写湘
30、西人原始、自然的生命形式，赞美人性美；后者通过都市生活的腐化堕落，揭示都市自然人性的丧失。3.从作者的描述看，作者的观察敏锐，记忆超强，对现象世界十分倾心，对大自然的声音、气味，社会上的人与事怀有浓厚的兴趣。他把大自然与社会生活称为一本“大书”，他从这本“大书”中学到了许多书本上没有的东西，他在自然和社会中倾心体验，尊重生命本真的做法，并非不爱学习，而是为了更好的学习。4.不少评论家觉得沈从文擅长写景，且晴朗明澈，但是缺少深度。也有评论家认为好就好在没有深度，因为没有深度的“看”风景，其实就不为一般的社会价值所局限，这样也就抛弃了自以为是的优越感和置身事外的位置，而是在宇宙万汇的动静之中“看”
31、。5.一次眼光看风景万物，多了一份包涵和宽容，看到的历史也就不是战争、王朝更迭之类的东西，而是千百年来凡夫俗子们的哀乐、努力和命运。它们代表了更为现实逼真的生存和价值。6.抒发的感情真诚感人，不写自己的品学兼优、勤奋用功，而是如实地展现自己的天生的野性，充满了阅读和学习“生活”这本大书所得到的欢欣鼓舞的生命体验，表现了对自然和生命无比好奇和热爱以及泰然面对一切残忍和苦难的生活观。7.学习了这篇传记让我们了解到了沈从文从小如何“读社会这本大书”，感受到他青春期的悲欢得失。由于传主生活经历的太多苦难，加上作者在回忆中不时融入淳厚的情感，让我们读来有某种沉重与辛酸，也让我们学生受到启发：对于强者，生活中的风霜雨雪也和阳光雨露一样，都从不同侧面或者以不同的方式滋润着我们的生命，现实中的曲折、坎坷、苦难可能拓展人的精神空间，让人能更加以阔大的心胸与坚强的意志，去感受生命，理解生活的意义。
