1、上教版九年级英语上册课件Unit-6-Healthy-diet-一、概 述 1在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语的句子叫宾语从句。它一般是由从属连词,连接代词或连接副词或whether/if来引导。它可以作动词,介词或某些形容词的宾语。w例如:wHe said that he knew you.w他说他认识你。wHe asked me why I had come here.w他问我为什么来这里。wI asked him what he wanted.w我问他要什么。wCould you tell me if/whether they are all League members?w你是否能告诉我
2、他们都是团员吗?wIm interested in what he has said.w我对他说的话很感兴趣。2宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态常受到主句中谓语动词时态的影响。因此,要注意保持主句和从句间时态的一致。当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句的谓语动词可用所需要的任何时态。w例如:wHe says that Lily is(will be/was)a doctor.w他说莉莉是(将要成为/过去是)医生。wIll tell you what I am doing(did/shall do).w我将要告诉你我正在做(过去做/将要做)什么。如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,宾语从句的时态就比较复
3、杂。在这种复合句中,宾语从句的时态可以有:w1)从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作,则用过去时或过去进行时。例如:wI thought he was old.w 我认为他老了。wHe wanted to know who she was waiting for.w 他想知道她在等谁。w2)从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作,则用过去完成时。w例如:wHe said that he had finished reading the book.w 他说他看完了这本书。3)从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作,则用过去将来时。例如:She said that she was goin
4、g to buy a new bike next week.她说她下个星期要去买一辆新自行车。I wasnt sure if it would rain.我没有把握确定天是否会下雨。4)从句表示普通真理时,其谓语动词用一般现在时。例如:The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth.老师告诉我们,月亮绕地球转。在带宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句前面一般要有连词(有的可省略)引导。由that引导的宾语从句相当于陈述句;由whether/if引出的宾语从句相当于一般疑问句;由连接代词或连接副词引出的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句。但应该注意的是它们
5、的语序都是陈述句语序。主句是陈述句时,句末不用问号。二、宾语从句详述1由从属述连词由从属述连词that 引导的宾语从句。在口语和新引导的宾语从句。在口语和新正式文体中常省略正式文体中常省略that。wHe said(that)he would be back.w他说他将回来。wWe knew(that)he had made a mistake.w我们知道他犯了一个错误。w在某些be+形容词的结构后面也可以跟that引导的宾语从句。w 例如:wI am sure that I have posted the letter.w我的确把那封信寄了。wI am afraid that you are
6、 right.w恐怕你是对的。2、由连接副词引导的宾语从句、由连接副词引导的宾语从句when why where howwHe asked me where they were born.w 他问我他们出生在哪里。wHe asks how we can help protect the environment?w 他问我们怎样才能为保护环境出点力?wI cant find out why the machine doesnt work well.w 我不能找出这台机器为什么动转不灵。wDid you ask the teacher when we would have a test?w 你问老
7、师我们什么时候进行测验了吗?3由连接代词引导的宾语从句 who whom whose what which Do you know whose child he is?你知道他是谁的孩子吗?Do you remember what the teacher said at the class meeting yesterday?你记得老师昨天在班会上说的话吗?I want to know which medicine he has taken.我要知道他服了哪种药。Please tell me who called me just now.请告诉我刚才谁打电话给我。I dont know who
8、m they are speaking to.我不知道他的在跟谁讲话。4由从属连词由从属连词whether 或或if引导的宾语从句,引导的宾语从句,在口语中常用在口语中常用if。两者常互换。两者常互换。I dont know whether/if this bike is hers.我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。Can you tell me whether/if your father joined the Party in 1990?你能告诉我你父亲是不是你能告诉我你父亲是不是1990年入党的?年入党的?He doesnt know whether they
9、will plant trees on Saturday or not.他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。三、宾语从句应掌握的要点三、宾语从句应掌握的要点 1在四种类型的宾语从句中必须用陈述句的语序,即主语+谓语动词+其它成分,句末用句号;但主句为疑问句时,句末用问号。2在带有宾语从句的复合句中,要注意主句和从句的时态的呼应。1)当主句的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句的谓语动词可用任何需要的时态。2)当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时,从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式。3)从句表示普遍真理时,即使主句的谓语动词是过去时,从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。4)在think,believe等动词引起的宾语从句中,如果否定的是后面的从句,一般要将主句动词改为否定形式,而从句仍然用肯定式。w例如:wI dont think you are right.w 我认为你不对。wI dont believe she will take part in the English evening.w 我相信她不会参加英语晚会。Thank you!Thank you!