1、外研版高中英语必修三Module1Grammar课件被动语态被动语态冠县第一中学Book3Module1Grammar1被动语态被动语态(PassiveVoice)1.概念：语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系1）主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。2）被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。HespeaksEnglish.（主动）Englishisspokeninmanycountriesbymanypeople.（被动）2.结构：be+过去分词被动语态时态变化反映在be动词形式上.一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时或过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时am/is/are+donewas
2、/were+doneshall/willbe+doneam/is/aregoingtobe+donewould/shouldbe+doneam/is/arebeing+donewas/werebeing+donehave/hasbeen+donehadbeen+done3.用法：在日常生活中，能用主动语态就尽量不用被动语态。只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：1）不清楚动作的执行者。Thefrontwindowintheclassroomwasbrokenyesterday.2)说话人对宾语更感兴趣（用by引导动作的执行者）。MyTVsetisbeingrepairedintheshop.The
3、songwascomposedbyayoungworker.这首歌是一位年青工人谱写的。3)不愿说出动作的执行者,常用一些句式。“Itissaidthat”（据说），“Itisreportedthat”（据报道），“Itiswellknownthat”（众所周知）Itissaidthatsheisgoingtobemarriedtoaforeigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人。Itisgenerallyconsideredimpolitetoaskonesage,salary,marriage,etc.问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。4)出于修辞，或为了更好地安排句子。Th
4、eprofessorcametoourschoolandwaswarmlywelcomedbytheteachersandstudents.（后半句用被动式就可以只安排一个主语。）4.带情态动词的被动结构句式为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。或“oughtto和haveto+be+过去分词”：Thedebtmustbepaidoffbeforenextmonth.Thedebthastobepaidoffbeforenextmonth.Oilcanbeturnedintoenergybyburningit.Yououghttobecriticizedforyourcarelessness.5.主
5、动句变被动句1)主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，如果是宾格，变成主格；主动句中的谓语变为被动句的谓语；主动句的主语变为by短语（没必要时可省）。Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.ThetelephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.练习一1.Mymothermadethesoup.2.UncleWangwillrepairmycomputer.3.Youmustcleanyourroomonceaweek.4.Theboybrokethewindow.5.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridge.Thesoupwasmadeby
6、mymother.MycomputerwillberepairedbyUncleWang.Yourroommustbecleanedonceaweek(byyou).Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.Anewbridgeisbeingbuilt(bytheworkers).6.Icannotfindmydictionary.7.DostudentslearnEnglishinthemiddleschool?Mydictionarycannotbefoundbyme.IsEnglishlearnedinthemiddleschoolbystudents?2)关于带有两个宾语的
7、主动态变成被动态:Shesentmeanovelonmybirthday.Iallowedhimanhourtofinishthework.这种主动句变被动态，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动态句的主语，而将另一个宾语作为“保留宾语”写入被动态的句中。如果直接宾语作“主语”，有时要在被动态句子的“保留宾语”前加上合适的介词。因为这些动词常有两种句式，即：givesbsth=givesthtosb,sendsbsth=sendsthtosb,buysbsth=buysthforsb对比：Shesentmeanovelonmybirthday.=Iwassentanovelonmybirthday
8、byher.=Anovelwassenttomeonmybirthdaybyher.Mybrotherboughtmeawatchyesterday.=Iwasboughtawatchyesterdaybymybrother.=Awatchwasboughtformebymybrotheryesterday.3)关于带复合宾语的主动句变被动句。这类句子只能将原句的宾语作为被动句的主语，这时，原句里的宾语补足语就变成被动态句子的主语补足语了。例如：Thestorymadeuslaugh.Theyaskedmetohelpthem.Wesawthemcomingover.WecallherRose
9、.Weweremadetolaughbythestory.Iwasaskedtohelpthem.Theywereseencomingover.SheiscalledRose.6.注意:有些动词形式上主动却表示被动。1).可和well等连用的及物动词如sell。Mypenwriteswell.我的笔好使。Theclothwasheswell.这个料子耐洗。Thepoemreadssmoothly.这首诗读起来很流畅。Thedoorwillnotopen.这扇门打不开。Thesignreadsasfollows.这牌子告示如下.2).be+形容词+todosth.Thestoryisintere
10、stingtoread.Thewineisnicetodrink.3).某些系动词如feel，sound，taste,smell;look,prove,没进行时，也没被动语态。Theflowerssmellsweet.这花儿很香。Thefoodtastesnice.这食物味道好。4).下列词不用被动形式：last(持续),have(有)，wish,let,takepartin,breakout(爆发),happen,takeplace.Ihavetwobrothers.Ididntlethimgohome.5).need,beworth等后用动名词表被动。Thedeskneedsrepairi
11、ng.Thenovelisworthseeing.1.Ifthework_,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished2.Itwasrainingheavilyoutsideandthechildrenweremade_intheclassroom.A.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayed3.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish_intotheriver.A.needntbethrownB.mustntbethrownC.cantthrow
12、D.maynotthrow4.Ilikemybike.It_verywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden5.IwontcometothepartyunlessTom_,too.YoumeanifTomcomes,youllcome.A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited6.Thechildrenmust_.A.lookafterB.betakengoodcareC.lookthesameD.betakengoodcareof7.Thewomanstilldoesntknowwhat_inherhome
13、townwhilehewasaway.A.happensB.happenedC.willhappenD.washappened8.Isawyouwereonfootthismorning.Yes.Mybike_.A.ismendingB.isbeingmendedC.ismendedD.isbeingmending主谓一致主谓一致冠县第一中学范文东Book3Module1Grammar2主谓一致主谓一致的基本原则1.语法一致的原则根据主语的语法性质决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。2.意义一致的原则根据主语的内涵决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。1)单数主语采用复数谓语动词：Theteamarepla
14、yingwonderfully.(team作为集体名词)2)复数主语采用单数谓语动词：Theworkswasbuiltin1970.(works作factory解时为单、复数同形)3)同一词做主语，分别采用单数或复数谓语动词：Allpossiblemeanshavebeenadopted.Everymeanshasbeentried.3.就近原则谓语动词根据其前面最临近的名/代词的数的形式，而非真正主语的数来决定其自身的单、复数：Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.考点归纳一、主语是复数形式，谓语用单数形式1表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词
15、，常看作整体，谓语用单数。1).Eighthoursofsleepisenough.2).Whereisthattenpounds?2以s结尾的国名、地名、书报名、团体、学科等名词作主语，形式上是复数，谓语用单数。Mathematicsisthelanguageofscience.3表示两个相同部分连成一体的复数名词，如trousers，shoes，gloves，shorts，glasses等作主语时，前面若无akindof/apairof/aseriesof等单位词修饰时，谓语用复数，若带有单位词，谓语由单位词的单复数决定。Thispairofshoesismine.Thoseshoesar
16、ejohns.二、主语形式是单数，谓语用复数形式1有些集体名词作主语时，应以复数看待。这类名词有people，cattle，police,police等。Cattlesellwellinthecountrymarketatpresent.2有些以sh，ese，ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时，表示复数含义，谓语用复数。表示单数含义，谓语用单数。TheChinesearepraisedforlovingpeace.TheChinesepeopleisabraveandhardworkingpeople.3“the形容词/分词”指一类人，谓语用复数。Whentheinjuredwer
17、erushedtothehospital，theycametolife.三、主语是单数，谓语视情况而定。1主语是family，team，group，crowd，class，committee，population，crew，enemy，government等集合名词，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指一个个成员或个体时，谓语就该用复数。Thecrewwasmadeupofaccomplished(熟练的)sailorsandthuswerehighlypaidtodotheworkontheship.2主语是“aseriesof，akindof等名词”结构时，谓语用单数。“kinds
18、of等名词”作主语时，谓语用复数。注意：在“thiskindof名词”之后，无论这里的名词是单数还是复数，谓语都用单数。Sofaraseriesofproblemshasbeenbroughtabout(引起)bythisdecision.ManykindsoffurniturearebeingtransportedfromBeijingtoTianjin.MachinesofthenewtypearemadeinShanghai.3不定代词all，some，any以及therest等作主语，谓语的单复数应根据上下文或具体场合确定。“Allarepresentandallisgoingonwe
19、ll”,ourmonitorsaid.Therestoftheeggshavegonebad.Therestofthemoneywasstolen4定语从句的谓语单复数取决于先行词。注:“oneof名词复数”后面定语从句谓语动词用复数，但如果“oneof名词复数”之前有theonly，thevery，thelast修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。Jack，aswellashisfriendswho_footballgames，_traveledwiththeteam.Alikes;hasBlikes;haveClike;hasDlike;haveSheistheonlyoneofthegir
20、lswhoplaysbridgewell.她是那些姑娘中唯一很会打桥牌的人。四、并列主语，谓语动词的单复数视情况而定。1and或bothand连接两主语时，谓语常用复数。如果and连接的两个名词指同一个人或表示同一概念时，谓语用单数。Apoetandartist_comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.AisBareCwasDWere2.当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each，every，morethanone，manya，no修饰时，谓语用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlisas
21、kedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6 30inthemorning.如果前面有each或every时，即使主语含有几个名词，谓语动词亦用单数形式。Everyman,woman,andchildneedsloveandunderstanding.Eachbookandmagazineislistedonthecardcatalog.但如果each用在复数名词或代词之后作主语的同位语时谓语动词要用复数形式。Theyeachplayseveralinstruments.2由or，eitheror，neithernor，notbut，notonlybutalso等连接的并列主语，
22、谓语动词单复数与最邻近的主语一致：Eitheryouorheistoblame.NotonlyIbutalsootherworkersarewillingtohavearestafteraweekswork.NeitherLiuXiangnorhisparentsandcoachhaveexpectedthathecanbecomesuchaworldfamousathlete.Eitheryouortheheadmasteristohandouttheprizetothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.五、主谓一致的其他情况1“分数/百分数of名词”或“some/a
23、lotof/lotsof/a(large)quantityof/therestof/plentyof/massesof”构成的短语，其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。这些短语作主语时，谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词保持数的一致。Massesofcardsweresentonhisbirthday.Massesoffoodwasleftover.但amountsof,quantitiesof后面通常跟复数动词，即使of后是不可数名词。Verylargequantitiesofaidwereneeded.由单位词+of构成的词组等引起主语时，单位词是单数则谓语动词用单数，如aloadof,ama
24、ssof,apileof,aportionof,aseriesof,asetof,等；单位词是复数则谓语动词用复数。Apileofdirtyclothesliesbythewashingmachine.Threesetsofsaleslettershavebeenprepared.已经准备好了三套销售函件。Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyonethirdusedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.AisBareCwasDwereLargeamountsofwater_beenpumpedfromt
25、heminesofar.AhadBwouldhaveChasDhave2“anumberof名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；“thenumberof名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。Thenumberofpeoplehurtinthetrafficaccidenthasincreasedto95.Agreatnumberofchildrenwhoseparentshaddiedintheearthquakeweresenttolivewithfamiliesinothercities.3主语后跟with，togetherwith，alongwith，but，except，besides，aswell
26、as，ratherthan，including,nolessthan，asmuchas等短语，谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。Dr.Johnson,togetherwithhisassistants,iscomingtovisitourschool.Johnaswellastheotherchildrenwhohavenoparentsisbeingtakengoodcareofinthecenter.AlltheworkersexceptJackareallowedtoworkathome.4动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Whenandwheretogofortheonsalar
27、yholidayhasnotbeendecidedyet.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmithsisalsotrueoftheJohnsons.5确定倒装句谓语的单复数要找准主语：Onthewallhangtwolargeportraits._atthefront_someVIPsfromthecompany.ASeating;wasBSeated;wereCSitting;wasDSat;were6.Therebe句型中的主谓一致动词be形式取决于其后事实上的主语。如果事实上的主语是并列结构，只要第一项是单数名词或者不可数名词，be就根据就近原则用单数。The
28、reweretwochairsandasofa.Therewasasofaandtwochairs.除了be以外，某些动词也可置于there之后，如appear,happen,seem,arise,come,enter,exist,follow,live,remain等，用法和be相同。There_apen，twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.AareBisChasDhave7eachof，neitherof，eitherof，oneof，any(one)of，everyoneof等作主语时，谓语用单数。Eachofthestudents,workingharda
29、thisorherlessons,hopestogotouniversity.None/neitherofthemis/areimpressed.8.一些固定用法1).“morethanone+可数名词单数”谓语用单数.Morethanonepersonisinvolvedinthis.2).“manya+可数单数”，谓语用单数Manyafamouspopsingerhasbeenruinedbydrugs.3).“a(n)+单数可数名词+ortwo”表示一两个，谓语动词用单数Aservantortwowastoaccompanyher.Oneortworeasonsweresuggested
30、.Onereasonortwowassuggested.1.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were2.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool_by5%everyyear.A.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raises3.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areo
31、fferedD.haveoffered4.Email,aswellastelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayedD.play5.NobodybutJane_thesecret.A.KnowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown6.Allbutone_herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were7.Eitheryouortheheadmaster_theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.
32、A.istohandoutB.ishandingoutC.aretohandoutD.arehandingout8.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.were9.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho_inthekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingD.arepaidwell10._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth
33、;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are11.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided12.There_nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobe13.Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,_togotouniversity.SodoI.A
34、.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped14.Agroupof_areeating_and_atthefootofthehill.A.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheeps;grasses;leavesC.sheep;grass;leafD.sheeps;grass;leafs15.Allthe_aremadeof_,notplastics.A.glass;glassB.glasses;glassC.glass;glassesD.glasses;glasses16.ItwasheandIwho_atyourhouseyesterday.A.wasB.amC.were
35、D.is1.Heradvice_usefultome.(be)2.Layingeggs_thequeenantsfulltimejob.(be)3.Everyone_TomandMarywillgetmarriednextmonth.(know)4.Nothing_beendonetostopthelakefrombeingpolluted.(have)isisknowshas5.Eitheroftherooms_bigenough.(be)6.Morethanoneperson_killedintheaccident.(be)7.Morequestionsthanone_beenasked.
36、(have)8.Apoorwomantogetherwithherfourchildren_foundbegginginthestreet.(be)iswashavewas9.Theprofessor,includingallofhisstudentsgoneabroad.(have)10.Twohours_enoughforustofinishthework.(be)11.Onehundreddollarsamonth_notahighpay.(be)12.ArabianNights_abookpopularwiththeyoungchildren.(be)hasisisis13.Polit
37、ics_noteasyforthestudentstolearnwell.(be)14.Theyouth_fondofrocknrollmusic.(be)15.Fiftytonsofcoal_wastedinthefactorylastyear.(be)16.Alargequantityofnewmachines_beenboughtbythefactorythisyear.(have)isarewerehave17.Collectingstampsandplayingtheguitar_myhobbies.18.Eachboyandeachgirl_tofinishtheworkontime.(be)19.Whattheyneeded_somewater.(be)20.Nearly60percentofthestudentsinourclass_boys.(be)areisisare21.Morethantwothirdsofthesurfaceoftheearth_coveredbywater.(be)22.Neithermyparentsnormysister_knownthesecret.(have)23.There_somewaterandstonesinthebottle.(be)ishasis
