1、必修二必修二Module 5 Newspapers and MagazinesGrammarGrammar 1Adverbial clause of time1.Read the sentences and answer the questionsA While he was traveling in space,Yang spoke to two astronaut aboard the International Space Station.B When he was orbiting in the capsule,he took photographs of planet earth.1
2、.There are two verbs in each sentence.Why are the tenses different?The past continuous verb wascontinuing all the time,and was interrupted by actions of short duration which are in the past simple.2.Is one action longer than the other?Yes,the first action in each sentence is longer than the second o
3、ne.3.Did one action take place after the other?No.they took place at the same time,although the second action started after the first one.4.Did one action take place at the same time as the other?Yes,it did.2.Read the sentences and choose the correct answersA When Yang landed,Premier Wen Jiabao tele
4、phoned the control center.B When Yang landed,Premier Wen Jiabao was telephoning the control center.1 In the first sentence,(a)The Chinese Premier telephoned the control center after Yang landed.(b)He telephoned the control center before Yang landed.(c)The word when can be replaced with as soon as.2
5、In the second sentence,(a)The Chinese Premier telephoned the control Center after Yang landed.(b)The news came in the middle of a conversation between the Chinese Premier and the control center.(c)The word when can be replace with at that time.1.When yang went to Beijing,he _(meet)the premier.2.When
6、 he went to Hong Kong,he _(sing)with Jackie Chen.metsang3.Complete the sentences with the correct tense for the verbs in brackets.3.When they opened the capsule door,Yang _(get out).4.While he _ (orbit)the earth,he spoke to the Space Station astronauts.got outwas orbiting状语从句状语从句状语从句在句中起状语的作用，修饰主句状语
7、从句在句中起状语的作用，修饰主句的谓语动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。的谓语动词，形容词，副词或整个句子。状语从句可按用途分为时间状语从句，地状语从句可按用途分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语，点状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语，目的状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语目的状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，比较状语从句和方式状语从句。从句，比较状语从句和方式状语从句。状语从句状语从句连词连词 时间状语时间状语从句从句after,as,as long as,before,once,since,when,while,till,hardly when,the moment地点状语地
8、点状语从句从句where,wherever原因状语原因状语从句从句because,since,as,now that条件状条件状语从句语从句if,unless,as long as,as far as,in ease,on condition that让步状让步状语从句语从句as,though,although,no matter,even if,even though,however,whatever目的状目的状语从句语从句that,so that,in order that方式状方式状语从句语从句as,just as,as if,as though结果状语结果状语从句从句that,so t
9、hat,so that,such that 比较状语比较状语从句从句as as,not so as,than,the more the more 常用的引导时间状语从句的连词常用的引导时间状语从句的连词When 1.when可表示可表示“当当的时候的时候,一一就就(=as soon as 或或the moment),在在之之后后(=after)”,既可表示时间段既可表示时间段,又可又可表示时间点表示时间点;当当when用于表示时间段时用于表示时间段时可与可与while通用通用.当我正在厨房里忙的时候，有人敲门。当我正在厨房里忙的时候，有人敲门。When/While I was busy in
10、the kitchen,someone knocked at the door.当我醒来时，妈妈正在准备早餐。当我醒来时，妈妈正在准备早餐。When I woke up,mom was preparing breakfast.2.whilewhile意为意为“正当正当的时候的时候,在在期期间间”,用于表示时间段或过程用于表示时间段或过程,强调主句与强调主句与从句的行为或状态同时发生或存在从句的行为或状态同时发生或存在,while所引导的时间状语从句中谓语必须用延续所引导的时间状语从句中谓语必须用延续性动词。性动词。在纽约时在纽约时,我见过他两次。我见过他两次。While I was in Ne
11、w York,I met him twice.当我们的头潜入水下时，我们仍能听到当我们的头潜入水下时，我们仍能听到声音。声音。We can still hear sounds while our heads are under water.在操作机床的过程中，我们十分小心。在操作机床的过程中，我们十分小心。While(we were)operating the machine tools,we were very careful.3.As as引导时间状语从句时引导时间状语从句时,更侧重于主句更侧重于主句与从句的行为同时发生与从句的行为同时发生,常译为常译为“随随着着”或或“一边一边一边一边”
12、.随着年龄的增长，你知道的会越来越随着年龄的增长，你知道的会越来越多。多。As you grow,you know more and more.她边走边唱。她边走边唱。She was singing as she was walking.4.Before before 意为意为“在在之前之前”。此外。此外before 还有一些特殊含义还有一些特殊含义,如如“才才,就就,还没有来得及还没有来得及”。他险些把我撞倒才看到了我。他险些把我撞倒才看到了我。He almost knocked me down before he saw me.我还没有来得及仔细看，他就把便条我还没有来得及仔细看，他就把便
13、条从我手中拿走了。从我手中拿走了。Before I could look carefully,he took the note away from me.不久我们就会相见。不久我们就会相见。It wont be long before we meet again.5.After after意为意为“在在之后之后”。表示主句动。表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。作发生在从句动作之后。完成工作之后完成工作之后,我们回家了。我们回家了。We went home after we had finished the work.你想好以后你想好以后,请告诉我你的决定。请告诉我你的决定。After you t
14、hink it over,please let me know your decision.6.Since since 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。句型：句型：It is/has been+一段时间一段时间+since-clause(一般过去时）一般过去时）自从你离开，我一直在北京。自从你离开，我一直在北京。I have been in Beijing since you left.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is four years since my s
15、ister lived in Beijing.自从他们结婚至今已经有三年了。自从他们结婚至今已经有三年了。It has been three years since they got married.自从他们不住这儿已经有三年了。自从他们不住这儿已经有三年了。It has been three years since they stayed here.17.till/until 译为译为“直到直到时时”（肯）（肯）until“直到直到才才”(否）主句和从句都否）主句和从句都为肯定式时，为肯定式时，till和和until可互换。可互换。主句否定式，从句肯定式，一般用主句否定式，从句肯定式，一般用
16、until。我将呆在这儿直到你回来。我将呆在这儿直到你回来。Ill stay here until/till you come back.他直到完成了作业才上床睡觉。他直到完成了作业才上床睡觉。He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.引导时间状语从句的特殊连词引导时间状语从句的特殊连词 the first(secondlast)time 第一第一(第二第二最后最后)一次一次,last time(上次上次),next time(下次下次),any time(任何时候任何时候)等。等。第一次我见到她时，我就知道我们会成第一次我见到她时，我
17、就知道我们会成为好朋友。为好朋友。The first time I met her,I knew we would be good friends.我第一次见到他时我第一次见到他时,他给我留下了深刻的印他给我留下了深刻的印象。象。I was deeply impressed by him the first time I met him.上次我在巴黎时上次我在巴黎时,他常来看我。他常来看我。Last time I was in Paris,he often came to see me.下次你去国外时下次你去国外时,带我一起去。带我一起去。Take me next time you go ab
18、road.什么时候你需要我的车什么时候你需要我的车,我都会借给你的我都会借给你的.Ill lend you my car any time you need it.2.each/every time(每次，每当每次，每当),all the time(一直，始终一直，始终)等。等。每次他来看望这位老人都会给他带来许每次他来看望这位老人都会给他带来许多水果。多水果。He brings a lot of fruit to the man everytime he comes to see him.他发言时，她一直在认真听。他发言时，她一直在认真听。She listened carefully all
19、 the time he spoke.3.by the time(到到时候为止）时候为止）到十四岁时，爱因斯坦已经自学了高到十四岁时，爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。等数学。By the time he was fourteen,Einstein had taught himself advanced mathematics.你明天来这儿的时候，我已经完成这项你明天来这儿的时候，我已经完成这项工作了。工作了。By the time you come here tomorrow,I will have finished this work.从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时从句用一般过去时，主句用过
20、去完成时;从句用一般现在时从句用一般现在时,主句用将来完成时。主句用将来完成时。4.the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,no soonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen等。等。我一看到她就认出她来了。我一看到她就认出她来了。I recognized her the moment(that)I saw her.我一干完活就回家了。我一干完活就回家了。I went home directly I had finished work.Exercise 11.
21、_ riding a bike,he fell down to the ground.A.As B.When C.As soon as D.Immediately2.Im going to the post office._ you are there,can you get me some stamps?A.As B.While C.Because D.IfBB单项选择。单项选择。3.He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.A.where B.when C.that D.until
22、4.Scientists say it may be five or ten years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A.since B.before C.after D.when5.It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life_ weve actually had that lesson.A.until B.after C.since D.when BAB1.It _(snow)when he arrived at the station.2.As I w
23、as coming here,I _(meet)your brother.3.Great changes _(take)place in Beijing since it was liberated.4.I _(tell)you as soon as I know.5.Well wait until the doctor _(come).was snowingmethave takenwill tellcomes用动词的适当的形式填空。用动词的适当的形式填空。6.The telephone rang when I _ (take)a bath.7.As he talked on,he _(ge
24、t)more and more excited.8.They talked as they _(walk)along the river.9.He was punished only because he _(break)the law.10.As he was in a hurry,he _(leave)his bag home.was takinggotwalkedbrokeleft(1)_ he comes tomorrowI shall ask where he has been(2)I saw her just _ she was getting off the train(3)Ha
25、ve a good look at that man _ you pass him(4)It was already eight oclock _ we got there(5)I was about to go out _ a visitor cameWhen aswhen/aswhenwhen用用when,while 或或 as填空。填空。(6)Well go to the country at the beginning of June _ the summer harvest will start(7)He learned to speak German _ he was in Ber
26、lin(8)Henry is in charge of the office _ Mr.Smith is away(9)_ I got home,it began to rain.(10)The bell rang _ he finished the testwhenwhilewhileAs soon asas soon asGrammar 2Adverbial clause of reason1.Read these examples and answer the questions.1“As you have asked me so nicely”,said Sharon,“Id be d
27、elighted to sign your arm.”2 Since no one else saw the aliens,not many people believe Mr.Bates.3 Now that I have made this visit,I hope I can come many more times.A Which of the words can be replaced by the word because?as/sinceB Do you think the words as and since sound more or less formal than bec
28、ause?less formalC When the Premier Miniser said Now that,was he saying something that people knew or that they didnt know?something that people knew 2.Complete these sentences.1.As you have been so nice to me,_.2.Since no one believes what he said,_.3.Now that Sharon had finished the Program,_.4.Sin
29、ce the astronaut often said strange things,_.5.Now that the prime minister has been in China for a week,_.Students own answer.原因状语从句的引导词原因状语从句的引导词1.Because because 表示直接原因表示直接原因,语气最强语气最强,because所引导的原因状语从句通常位所引导的原因状语从句通常位于主句之后于主句之后,because所引导的句子还所引导的句子还常用于回答常用于回答why引导的特殊疑问句。引导的特殊疑问句。I do it because I
30、like it.2.since/now that通常译为通常译为“既然既然”，表示已知的，表示已知的显显然的理由，语气比然的理由，语气比 because 弱，较为正弱，较为正式；式；now that，更突出事实本身。，更突出事实本身。Since 和和now that 所引导的原因状语从所引导的原因状语从句一般位于主句之前。句一般位于主句之前。既然你比较空闲，那就帮我补习数学既然你比较空闲，那就帮我补习数学吧。吧。Since you are free,come and help me with my mathematics.既然你是个男子汉，就不要做这样的既然你是个男子汉，就不要做这样的事了。事
31、了。Now that you are a man,you must not do such a thing.3.As 引导附带说明的引导附带说明的“双方已知的原双方已知的原因因”，语气比，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活（常放于主句之前）。较为灵活（常放于主句之前）。天还在下雨，你还是乘出租车好了。天还在下雨，你还是乘出租车好了。As it is raining,youd better take a taxi.4.forFor 所引导的原因状语从句并非用于说所引导的原因状语从句并非用于说明主句行为发生的直接原因，而是为了明主句行为发生的直接原因，而是为了提供一些辅助
32、性的补充说明，只能放于提供一些辅助性的补充说明，只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。开。他不可能见到我，因为当时我并不在那他不可能见到我，因为当时我并不在那里。里。He could not have seen me,for I was not there.注意：注意：在强调句型中，强调原因状语从在强调句型中，强调原因状语从句时，只可用句时，只可用It is/was because that而不可用而不可用since 或或 as引导原因状语从句。引导原因状语从句。由于她妈妈病了，她没和我们一起去。由于她妈妈病了，她没和我们一起去。It was beca
33、use her mother was ill that she didnt go with us.还有一些介词短语也可以表示原因。这还有一些介词短语也可以表示原因。这类介词短语有：类介词短语有：thanks to,as a result of,because of,due to,owing to 等。等。多亏了你的帮忙，我才通过了测验。多亏了你的帮忙，我才通过了测验。Thanks to your help,I passed the test.由于战争，许多人丧失了生命。由于战争，许多人丧失了生命。As a result of the war,many peoples lives were lo
34、st.由于需求的增加，一些商品提价了。由于需求的增加，一些商品提价了。Some articles have risen in price due to the increasing demand.那班列车因天气恶劣而误点。那班列车因天气恶劣而误点。The train was late owing to the bad weather.seeing that,considering that,in that 等也可等也可以引导原因状语从句。以引导原因状语从句。既然他没有经验，他就不合适这项工作。既然他没有经验，他就不合适这项工作。Seeing(that)he is inexperienced,h
35、e is not fit for the work.考虑到这个时间交通很拥挤，我们只好再考虑到这个时间交通很拥挤，我们只好再呆一会儿。呆一会儿。Considering(that)the traffic is heavy this time of day,we will have to wait a little longer.我喜欢这座城市，但我更喜欢乡村，因我喜欢这座城市，但我更喜欢乡村，因为那里有更清新的空气。为那里有更清新的空气。I like the city,but I prefer the country in that there is fresher air.注意注意:1.bef
36、ore 引导的从句常用句型；引导的从句常用句型；It is long before（过了（过了 好久才好久才）It is not long before(过了不久就过了不久就)2.till/until(till 一般不放在句首一般不放在句首)持续性动词（肯定式）持续性动词（肯定式）+until(直到直到为为止止)瞬间性动词（否定式）瞬间性动词（否定式）+until(直直到到才才)强调句型；强调句型；It is not untilthat I waited until/till he had finished his work.3.since 译为译为 自从自从 来来since+瞬间性动瞬间性动
37、词过去式，从该动作发生时算起词过去式，从该动作发生时算起 since+持续性动词过去式，从该动作结束持续性动词过去式，从该动作结束时算起。时算起。自从他入厂以来一直努力工作。自从他入厂以来一直努力工作。He has been working very hard since he entered the factory.自从他不在这个长工作后，我们还没见自从他不在这个长工作后，我们还没见过面。过面。We have not seen each other since I worked in the factory.4.原因状语从句的连原因状语从句的连 because/as/since becaus
38、e 引导原因状语从句，说明直接引导原因状语从句，说明直接原因。有时也用于推测性理由表示必然原因。有时也用于推测性理由表示必然的因果关系。回答的因果关系。回答why 只能用只能用because,在在because 前可加前可加 only，just等表示强等表示强调意义的调意义的 词或否定词词或否定词not.在构成强调句在构成强调句型时，只能用型时，只能用 because从句从句 不能用不能用since或或 as 从句。从句。2000年来没有任何人怀疑过他的观点年来没有任何人怀疑过他的观点,仅仅仅因为他是亚里士多德仅因为他是亚里士多德-伟大的思想家。伟大的思想家。No one questioned
39、 his idea for almost 2000 years only because he was Aristotle,the great thinker.since 和和as引导的原因状语从句，着重点在引导的原因状语从句，着重点在于主句，原因于主句，原因 只是附带说明，说明显而已只是附带说明，说明显而已知的理由。知的理由。as 从句常放在主句之前。从句常放在主句之前。既然每个人都到了，那么让我们就开始吧既然每个人都到了，那么让我们就开始吧!Since everyone is here,lets begin.因为他来自南方，所以他不能适应北京干因为他来自南方，所以他不能适应北京干燥的气候。
40、燥的气候。As he is from the south,he is unaccustomed to the dry weather in Beijing.注意注意:for 可连接并列句可连接并列句,表示原因表示原因for 是并列连词是并列连词.for只能后置只能后置,往往是对往往是对前面句子加以说明或补前面句子加以说明或补充说明某些事实。充说明某些事实。Exercise 21.A man cannot smile like a child,_ a child smiles with his eyes,while a man smiles with his lips alone.A.so B.
41、but C.and D.for2.Why dont you do it now?_ Im too busy.A.As B.Because C.For D.Since3._ everybody knows about it,I dont want to talk any more.A.For B.Even C.Since D.HoweverDBCChoose the best answer.BC4.Wang Ling was elected all _ he is the tallest.A.because B.because of C.for D.as 5.Im green at everyt
42、hing.Dont worry._ you get older,you will get more experience.A.When B.Till C.As D.While1.He didnt attend the meeting _ he had to much work to do.2._ he cant answer the question,youd better ask some one else.3._ I havent seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.4.The ground is wet,_ it rained last night.becauseSinceAs forFill in the blanks.HomeworkGo to the library or surf the Internet to find one of the Chinese newspaper,then translate it into English.
