1、GrammarModule 2 No Drugs必修二必修二Grammar 1The infinitive of purpose1.What are the uses of the word“to”?I stole something every day to pay for the drugs.Teacher Wang is to meet us this afternoon.To indicate purpose.To indicate arrangement.He told me to take them to a shop in a nearby street.I continued
2、to buy cannabis from the same man for about six months.To follows certain verbs.To follows certain verbs.2.Can you rewrite the sentences?How many of them break the law to pay for their drugs?=How many of them break the law _ pay for their drugs?=How many of them break the law _ pay for their drugs?A
3、dam went to the man to buy cannabis.=Adam went to the man _ _ _ buy cannabis.=Adam went to the man _ _ _ buy cannabis.试分析：试分析：We should do whatever we can to help them.We got up early in order to catch the school bus.Now complete the sentences.Use in order to or so as to.1.He broke into a house _.2.
4、A lot of people visit the centre _.in order to/so as to save an old manin order to/so as to see that famous statue3.Drug users have to steal things _.4.The government is starting an advertising campaign _.in order to/so as to pay for drugstake drugsin order to/so as to tell people not to试分析：试分析：We t
5、ook an umbrella so as not to get wet.He came to school by taxi this morning in order not to be late again.so as(not to)or in order(not)to1.She stopped smoking _ be fit.2.He read the article about cocaine _ learn about the problem.3.The government put up the price of cigarettes _ stop people buying t
6、hem.4.The police went to the house _ arrest the drug dealer.5.She doesnt go out with people who smoke _ start smoking again.不定式的用法不定式的用法Summary1.作主语。往往放在谓语动词之后，作主语。往往放在谓语动词之后，用用it作形式主语。作形式主语。如：如：To see is to believe.It is right to give up smoking._ with him is a great pleasure.A.To talk B.Talk C.Tal
7、ked D.To talking 分析：本题考察动词不定式做主语的情况，分析：本题考察动词不定式做主语的情况，动词不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。动词不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。其他三项都不能用来做主语。本句的意思是：其他三项都不能用来做主语。本句的意思是：跟他聊天是件很快乐的事。跟他聊天是件很快乐的事。A2.作宾语。作宾语时如果还带有宾语补作宾语。作宾语时如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式放在补足语之后，足语，往往把不定式放在补足语之后，而用而用 it 作形式宾语。如：作形式宾语。如：He wanted to go.I find it interesting to study Eng
8、lish.AI didnt _ it until you had explained how.manage to do B.managed to do C.manage to have done D.manage doing分析：本句的意思是：直到你解释了如分析：本句的意思是：直到你解释了如何去做我才能做到成功。何去做我才能做到成功。manage 后面后面用用to do 形式作宾语。形式作宾语。3.做宾语补足语。做宾语补足语。如：如：He asked me to do the work with him.在在 feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice,observe
9、,see,watch,have,let,make 等词等词后的补足语中，不定式不带后的补足语中，不定式不带 to。DThe government calls on us _ our production.A.Increased B.increasing C.Increase D.to increase分析：本句意思是：政府号召我们增加分析：本句意思是：政府号召我们增加生产。本题考察动词不定式做宾语补足生产。本题考察动词不定式做宾语补足语，通常用于及物动词和一些动词短语语，通常用于及物动词和一些动词短语之后。如：之后。如：want sb to do,wish sb to do,ask sb to
10、 do.不定式作宾语补足语省略不定式作宾语补足语省略to的情况有的情况有下列口诀：一感二听三让五看半帮助下列口诀：一感二听三让五看半帮助。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带上就必须带上to,如：如：I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.4.作定语。作定语。I have some books for you to read.当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地
11、点、工具等时，不定式定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面必须有相应的介词。后面必须有相应的介词。如：如：He is looking for a room to live in.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式即可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语即可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同。态。但含义有所不同。试比较：试比较：Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要（自己）寄吗？你有什么东西要（自己）寄吗？Have you anything to be sent?你有什么东
12、西要（我或别人）寄吗？你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗？BAt last,they found a house _.A.to leave his things with B.to leave his things in C.leaving his things in D.leaving his things分析：本句的意思是：最后他们终于找到分析：本句的意思是：最后他们终于找到了一间可以存放东西的屋子。当动词不定了一间可以存放东西的屋子。当动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点、式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点、工具等时，不定式后面应有必要的介词。工具等时，不定式后面应有必要的介词。5.作
13、状语。表示目的、原因、结果或作状语。表示目的、原因、结果或条件。如：条件。如：I came here to see you.We were very excited to find nobody there.He hurried to the school to find nobody there.To look at him,you would like him.目的目的原因原因结果结果条件条件6.作表语，如：作表语，如：My job is to help the patient.To learn a language is to use it.注意：主、表都是不定式，前者为条注意：主、表都
14、是不定式，前者为条件，后者为目的或结果。件，后者为目的或结果。My chief purpose is _ the difficulties of the matter.A.pointing out B.to be pointed C.pointed D.to point out分析：本句的意思是：我的主要目的是指分析：本句的意思是：我的主要目的是指出问题的难处。考查动词不定式做表语的出问题的难处。考查动词不定式做表语的情况。情况。Point out 是是“指出指出”的意思。的意思。D不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态1.不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通不定式的一般形式所表示的动作，通常与谓语
15、的动作（状态）同时（或几乎常与谓语的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生。如：同时）发生，或是在它之后发生。如：I saw him go out.2.如果谓语表示的动作发生时，不定式如果谓语表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时要用进行时。表示的动作正在进行，这时要用进行时。如：如：I am very glad to be working with you.3.如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成时。如：就要用完成时。如：Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long.4.当不定式逻辑上
16、的主语是这个不定式当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。如：要用被动形式。如：He asked to be sent to work in the countryside.but+不定式的用法不定式的用法1.不定式在介词不定式在介词 but,except,besides,other than 后面时，如果这些介词之前后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词有行为动词do（非助动词）的各种形式（非助动词）的各种形式时，那么这些介词后面的不定式不带时，那么这些介词后面的不定式不带to，否则带否则带 to。如：如：She coul
17、d do nothing but cry.What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to wait.There was nothing for me to do other than wait until the meeting was over.I had nothing to do but watch TV.2.当句子的谓语动词是当句子的谓语动词是cant,cant help,cant choose等结构时等结构时,but,except,besides后的不定式后的不定式to 也省略。也省略。如：如：We cant b
18、ut admire his bravery.We cant choose but wait.She is such a lovely girl that I cant help but love her.注意注意:but 作作“除了除了以外以外”解时，若前面解时，若前面部分有部分有do,did，done时，时，but 之后接之后接 do sth.反之，后接反之，后接 to do sth.He can do nothing but wait.He wanted nothing but to play in the park.Exercises1.There are five pairs _,bu
19、t Im at a loss which to buy.A.to be chosen B.to choose from C.to choose D.for choosing B2.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects BChoose the best answers.3._ late in the afternoon.Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleepin
20、g C.Sleep D.Having sleep A4.With a lot of problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled C5.Her wish is _ a doctor.A.becoming B.become C.to become D.being comeC6.Tom _ when they spoke ill of him.A.happened to be passed B.happened to be p
21、assing by C.happened passing by D.happened to passed B7.All the rooms in the house require _.A.being cleaned B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned C8.The news reporters hurried to the airport,only _the film stars had left.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told B9.Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teach
22、er that he was wrong.A.admit B.admitted C.admitting D.to admit A10.-How did you spend your weekend,Joe?-I didnt find anything interesting for me _ some washing instead of my mother.A.but did B.but do C.but doing D.but to do D1.It is frightening _(walk)in the road in a sandstorm.I hope I reach home s
23、oon.2.Experts hope _(learn)more about the movement of sandstorms.to be walking to learn Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive forms.3.Id like _(tell)about the situation before now.4.The work needs _(complete)by the end of the week.5.My father was out of the city when the sandstorm ca
24、me.He was very glad _(miss)it.to have told to be completedto have missed 6.The building has _(finish)by the end of the year.7._(see)a real sandstorm was very frightening.to be finished To see Grammar 2Adverbial clause of result1.Could you finish the sentences below?(Open answers)Taking drugs is so _
25、!They are behaving so _!Adam was such an _ boy.Some people feel so _ that they call the police.It was such a dangerous _ that he nearly died.It was such _ music that we couldnt hear ourselves speak.Can you make a conclusion out of these?Conclusion:So is followed by adj./ad.:eg:so dangerous/badly/ner
26、ousSuch is followed by a/an+adj.+n.where the noun is countable,or no article where it is uncountable.eg:such an unhappy boy/a dangerous drug/loud music2.Complete these sentences with so or such(a)1.The drug was _ dangerous that _2.Cocaine is _ expensive that _3.They were _addictive drugs that _4.Ada
27、m was _ unhappy that _5.The drug user was shouting _ loudly that the police arrested him.6.Drugs dealers are _ dangerous persons that people are afraid of them.Can you join them?1.It was a rainy morning.I couldnt do morning exercises.2.He is a clever boy.He learnt to play the piano at the age of fiv
28、e.3.It was stormy last night.The meeting was canceled.4.The cost of treatment is very dear.Few addicts can get help.结果状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句表示事态的结果，常置结果状语从句表示事态的结果，常置于主句之后。常由于主句之后。常由so so that so.that such.that 引导引导 如此如此以致于以致于结果结果/因此因此Summary他们中有些人表现如此不好，人们打电他们中有些人表现如此不好，人们打电话给警察。话给警察。Some of them behaved
29、 so badly that people called the police.他没有准备好考试，因此这次他不及格。他没有准备好考试，因此这次他不及格。He had not prepared well for the test,so that he failed.我们走得太匆忙了，以致忘了锁门。我们走得太匆忙了，以致忘了锁门。We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.他如此聪明，因此能够算出所有的难题。他如此聪明，因此能够算出所有的难题。He is so clever that he is able to work out
30、all the difficult problems.注意：注意：1.so.that和和 such.that 都可以引导结果都可以引导结果状语从句，而且意思也相同，但在结构状语从句，而且意思也相同，但在结构上是不同的。上是不同的。So 的句型的句型1)So+adj/adv+that 从句从句2)So+adj+a/an+n(可数名词单数形式可数名词单数形式)that 从句从句3)So+many/much/few/little(表示多表示多少少)n+that 从句从句Such 的句型的句型：(1)such+a/an+adj+n(可数名词单数可数名词单数形式形式)that 从句从句(2)such+a
31、dj+n(不可数名词不可数名词)that 从从句句2.当当so.that 句式中的句式中的 so及其修饰词的及其修饰词的副词一起置于句首时，主句要用倒装。副词一起置于句首时，主句要用倒装。他讲话声音很大，每个人都能听清楚。他讲话声音很大，每个人都能听清楚。So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him clearly.工人们这么快就完成了他们的工作，结工人们这么快就完成了他们的工作，结果他们领到了额外的薪水。果他们领到了额外的薪水。So quickly did the workers finish their work that they
32、 were given extra salary.3.so that 可以引导目的状语从句和结果可以引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句引导目的状语从句时说明主语状语从句引导目的状语从句时说明主语的行为目的；引导结果状语从句是说明的行为目的；引导结果状语从句是说明主语行为的结果。从结构上来看，前者主语行为的结果。从结构上来看，前者多带有情态动词。多带有情态动词。For more explanations,click here.我把箱子放在树阴下，这样太阳就烤不我把箱子放在树阴下，这样太阳就烤不坏植物。坏植物。Ill keep the box in the shade so that the sun
33、doesnt burn plants.他们在杭州停下来以便可以游览西湖。他们在杭州停下来以便可以游览西湖。They stopped in Hangzhou so that they could visit the West Lake.Exercises2.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life eas
34、ier _ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make BChoose the best answers.A3.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live.A.to have played B.to play C.to be played D.to be playingBA4.In order to gain a b
35、igger share in the market,many state-run companies are trying _ their products more competitive.A.to make B.making C.to have made D.having madeHomeworkReview what you have learnt today.What is this animal?It was an Elephant!What is this animal?The elephant is the largest animal that lives on land.So
36、me male elephants can grow to be thirteen feet tall.Thats more than twice as tall as many human adults.Elephants can weigh as much as a school busbetween ten and fourteen thousand pounds!It was an Elephant!In the USA the elephant is the symbol of the party.Turn the page to find out which party!The e
37、lephant is the largest animal that lives on land.Some male elephants can grow to be thirteen feet tall.Thats more than twice as tall as many human adults.Elephants can weigh as much as a school busbetween ten and fourteen thousand pounds!The traditional symbol for the Republican Party first appeared in a cartoon in the 7 November 1874 edition of Harpers Weekly by the artist Thomas Nast.Ans.The RepublicansIn the USA the elephant is the symbol of the party.Turn the page to find out which party!
