1、 Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. 一一单词攻略单词攻略 unexpected adj. 出乎意料的 backpack n.背包 oversleep v.睡过头 block n.街区 worker n. 工人 stare v.凝视 disbelief n.不信 above prep.在.上面 burn v.燃烧 alive adj.活着的； 有生机的 airport n.机场 till prep.直到 west adj.向西的； 西边的 cream n. 奶油 workday n.工作日 pie n.果馅饼 bean n.豆 market n.市场
2、 fool n.傻瓜 v.愚弄 costume n.服装 lady n.女士 embarrassed adj.尴尬的 announce v.宣布 discovery n.发现 cancel v.取消 officer n.军官 disappear v.消失 believable adj.可相信的 二二短语集锦短语集锦 1. by the time 在.以前 2.give sb. a lift 捎某人一程 3.in line with 排成一排 4. by the end of 在.以前 5.show up 出现 6.be about to do sth 即将做某事 7. costume part
3、y 化装舞会 8.stare at 盯着；凝视 9.in disbelief 怀疑地 10. think to oneself 心里暗想 11.play a trick on sb.玩弄某人 12.take place 发生 13.run out of 耗尽 14. sell out 卖光 15.go off 发出响声 16.stay up 熬夜 17.get married 结婚 三经典句型经典句型 1. Life is full of the unexpected.生活充满了意外。 2. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten
4、 in the shower.我起床时，我哥哥已经在洗澡了。 3. I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first.我正要上楼时，突然决定先去喝咖啡。 4. Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country. Welles 描述地如此的逼真以至于成百上千的人相信了这个故事，恐惧在全国蔓延开来。 5. Why did the supermarket ru
5、n out of spaghetti one April Fools Day? 为什么有一年愚人节时，超市里的意大利面条全卖光了？ 6. When I got home, I realized I had left my keys in the backpack. 当我回到家时，我意识到我把钥匙忘在了背包里。 四、四、语法易用语法易用 过去完成时过去完成时 1.定义定义 过去完成时由“had +动词的过去分词”构成，主要表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的 状态。 2.用法用法 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。 表示开始于过去某时的一个动
6、作一直延续到另一过去时间，并有可能继续下去，常与 for, since 等词连用。 3.结构结构 肯定/否定句：主语had/hadnt过去分词 一般疑问句：Had 主语过去分词？(Yes, 主语had. / No, 主语hadnt.) 特殊疑问句：疑问词had 主语过去分词？ 4.过去完成时的判断依据过去完成时的判断依据: 由时间状语来判定：(1) by + 过去的时间点；过去的时间点；(2) by the end of + 过去的时间点；过去的时间点；(3) before + 过去的时间过去的时间 点；点；(4)since+过去的时间；过去的时间；(5) for+一段时间；一段时间； (6)
7、 never；yet；already 由“过去的过去”来判定：即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时. (1) 宾语从句宾语从句中: 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。 Eg.Amy told me that she had lived here for 5 years. (2) 状语从句状语从句中: 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的， 要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 Eg.Wh
8、en I got home, my mom had finished cooking. (3) 有时句子没有明显的时间状语，动作的先后顺序要从上下文去判断。 Eg. Her whole family were pleased with her. She had won the first prize in the game. 五单词精讲五单词精讲 1.unexpected adj.出乎意料的出乎意料的 expect v.期待期待 expected adj.预期的预期的 【巧记】un(否定前缀)+expected=unexpected 【短语】expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某
9、事 sb. be expected to do sth 某人应该做某事 【考题链接】1.Sometimes, a persons whole life was easily changed by something_unexpected_. 7. Tom was_A_guest at the party because he wasnt invited. A.an expected B.an unexpected C.an expecting D.unexpected 过去的过去过去的过去 过去过去 现在现在 将来将来 2. oversleep v.睡过头睡过头 【巧记】over（前缀）+sl
10、eep（动词,睡觉）=oversleep 【拓展】overwork 过渡劳累 overage 超龄的 oversized 过大的 overcoat 长大衣 sleep 既可以作为动词，意为“睡觉”，也可以作为名词“睡眠”，have enough sleep 有充足的睡眠 sleeping 形容词，意为“正熟睡的”，强调动作正在进行既可以作为前置定语，也可以作为表语 sleepy 形容词，意为“困倦的”，既可以作为定语，也可以作为便于。feel sleepy 感到困倦的 asleep 形容词，意为“睡着的”，只能作为表语，不能作定语。 fall asleep 意为“入睡” 【考题链接】 1. L
11、ook at the_sleepy/sleeping_ baby. 2. Tom was too excited to_fall asleep_ last night. 3.Dont make so much noise, the baby is_sleeping_. 4.Tom stayed up late to play computer games, so he_felt sleepy_ during classes. 5.You_overslept_ again. Hurry up or you will be late. 3. worker 工人工人 【巧记】work+er(表示职业
12、/身份的后缀)=worker 【拓展】work 作为名词时意为“作品”；作为动词时意为“起作用” 【考题链接】1.Whats wrong with my watch? It doesnt_work_. 4.stare v.盯着看；凝视盯着看；凝视 【拓展】stare at sb 盯着某人看 【考题链接】Stop _staring at_ me. It makes me feel uncomfortable. 5.disbelief n.不信不信 【拓展】believe v.相信 belief n.信赖；信仰 believable adj.可信的 Unbelievable adj.难以置信的 【
13、短语】in disbelief 不信地；怀疑地 【考题链接】1.He stares at me_in disbelief_. 2.It is_unbelievable_ that he got the first prize. 6.Above 单词 含义 两物体之间的关系 反义词 above 在.上面 不接触；不垂直 below over 在.正上方 不接触；垂直 under on 在.上面 表面接触 beneath 【考题链接】1.The moon was_above_ the tree. 2. There are some books _on_the desk. 3.The tempera
14、ture will stay _above_zero in the daytime. 7.alive lively 意为“生机勃勃的；鲜艳的；生动的” living 意为“活着的”，强调说明“健在” live 意为“活的”，还有“直播的”意思，只修饰物 alive 意为“活着的”，侧重生与死之间界限 【考题链接】1.The speech is very_lively_. 2.The old man is more than 80 years old, but he is still_living_.3.Dont touch it. Its a _live_snake. 4. She was s
15、till_alive_when she was taken to hospital. 5.This is a _live_ show. 8.west 【拓展】north 北方 south 南方 east 东方 western 西方的 eastern 东方的 southern 南方的 northern 北方的 【考题链接】There are many differences between _western_ countries and_eastern_ countries. 9.Fool foolish adj.愚蠢的愚蠢的 【拓展】用作动词意为“愚弄；欺骗”，fool sb into doi
16、ng sth 欺骗某人做某事 用作名词意为“傻瓜”，make a fool of sb 意为“取笑某人” 【考题链接】The teacher has told the students how to protect themselves from being_B_and cheated. A.fool B.fooled C.to fool D.fooling 10.embarrassed adj.窘迫的；尴尬的窘迫的；尴尬的 embarrass v.使使.窘迫窘迫 embarrassing adj.使人害羞的；使人尴尬使人害羞的；使人尴尬 的的 【考题链接】1. I feel _embarra
17、ssed_ by his_ embarrassing _words. 2.His words_embarrassed_me. 3. The questions the reporter asked sometimes were_embarrassing_and they made me_embarrassed_. 11. discovery v.发现；发现发现；发现 【拓展】cover v.覆盖 be covered with 被.覆盖 discover v.发现 【考题链接】1.Columbus_discovered_ America. 2.It is dangerous to drive,
18、 because the road _is covered with_ thick ice.3.In the future, humans_will discover_more secrets of nature.4.-The Chinese Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel prize. -Her_discovery_ has saved millions of lives across the world. 12. disappear v.消失；不见消失；不见 【巧记】dis(否定前缀)+appear=disappear 反义词 appear：出现 【拓展】类似单词
19、：dislike 不喜欢 disagree 不同意 dishonest 不诚实的 disbelieve 不相信的 【考题链接】By the time people found out the story was not true, all the spaghetti _had disappeared_. 六、短语赏析六、短语赏析 1. 关于关于 end 的短语的短语 by the end of 到.末为止 end up with 以.结束 end up 最终成为；最后处于 end up doing sth.以做某事结束 in the end 最后；终于 at the end of .在.的末端
20、/尽头 【考题链接】1.The party_ended up with_ a poem. 2.At first they hated each other, but they_ended up_ getting married. 3.You will find a post office_at the end of_ the street. 2.show 的短语的短语 Show up 出现出现 show sb. around +地点地点 show off 炫耀炫耀 【考题链接】1.Excuse me. Im new here. Can you _show_me_around_ the new
21、school? 2.He often shows off_ how rich he is. 3.We had no idea why he didnt_show up_ at the meeting. 3.关于关于 go 的短语的短语 go off 发出响声;变质 go on 进展 go over 检查 go ahead 前进；干吧；拿吧 【考题链接】1.The boss was late for the meeting because his alarm clock didnt_go off_. 2.-Excuse me, can I ask you some questions?-_Go
22、ahead_. 3.Youd better_go over_the test paper before handing it in. 4. 关于关于 line 的短语的短语 Cut in line 插队插队 in line with 与与.成一排成一排 be lined with 排列着排列着 【考题链接】1.Its impolite _to cut in line_when we are waiting for the bus. 2.To our surprise, the walls of the new bookstore_are lined with_ books. 5. 关于关于 o
23、ff 的短语的短语 take off 起飞；脱（衣服） go off 发出响声;变质 put off 推迟 get off 下车 turn off 关闭 cut off 切断 show off 炫耀 kick off 开除 give off 发出（光、热、气味） 【考题链接】1.The plane is about to_take off_. 2.The food easily_goes off_ in summer. 3.Because of the heavy rain, we had to_put off_ the sports meeting. 4.Tom made some mist
24、akes yesterday. He worried about whether his boss would_kick_him_off_. 6. 关于关于 turn 的短语的短语 turn off 关闭 turn into 使.变成 turn up 调高；出现 turn down 调低；拒绝 turn out 被证明是 turn on 打开 turn to sb 向某人求助 【考题链接】1.Whenever she was in trouble she_turned to_him for help. 2.I cant hear the radio clearly. Can you_turn
25、_ it_up_ a bit? 3.The examinations_turned out_quite easy. 4.Could you_turn on_the bath for me while youre upstairs? 4. I laid my book aside,_turn off_the lights and went to bed. 5.I cant believe that he _turn down_such a good job. 5.When spring comes, trees begin to_turn into_green. 七七句型解读句型解读 1.Lif
26、e is full of the unexpected. 【点拨 1】区别 be full of 和 be filled with be full of 充满；装满 The room is full of people. be filled with 充满，是 fill.with 的被动语态 The bottle is filled with sand. 【点拨 2】 the unexpected 为“the+形容词”结构，意为“一类人或一类事物”，在句子中充当主语时，谓语动 词要用复数形式。 【考题链接】1.If you read a lot, your life will be full_
27、of_ pleasure. 2.The bus is filled _with_ people. 8. He keeps on helping_C_ in that_mountain area. A.poor; the poor B.poor; poor C.the poor; poor D.the poor; the poor 1.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. 【点拨】by the time 意为“在.以前；到.时候”，引导时间状语从句。从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成 时态。 【考题链接
28、】The meeting_C_ by the time I got there yesterday. A.was on B.has been on C.had begun D.has begun 2.I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first. 【点拨】be about to do sth 意为“即将做某事”，表示客观上马上发生的事情，常与 when 连用。 【考题链接】I was about_to go to bed_(go to bed)when it began to rain. 1. Welles made it
29、sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fear spread across the whole country. 【点拨】so.that 意为“如此.以至于”，引导结果状语从句。常用的结构有： so+形容词/副词+that 从句； so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that 从句；so+many/few+可数名词复数+that 从句；so+much/little+不可数名 词+that 从句 【拓展】so that 意为“为了.;目的是”,引导目的状语从句。 【考题链接】Li Na is _D_ famo
30、us_ all the tennis fans in China know her. A.too; to B.enough; to C.as; as D.so; that 2. Why did the supermarket run out of spaghetti one April Fools Day? 【点拨】 run out of “用完.”,是及物动词短语；主语一般是人，of 后跟东西，表示某人用完某物。 run out “用完.”,是不及物动词短语；主语一般是物，表示某物用完了，是用主动表示被动意义。 【考题链接】1.Some people waste too much water
31、. They dont believe that it can_B_some day. A. keep out B.run out C.be run out D.run out of 2.We have _C_ rice. Lets go to buy some at the market. A. run out B.been run out C.run out of D.been run out of 3. When I got home, I realized I had left my keys in the backpack. 【点拨】leave（left）此处用作及物动词，意为“遗忘
32、；留下”，常用的结构：leave+宾语+地点状语，意为“把 某物遗忘在某处”；而 forget sth 表示忘记某物，其后不能接地点状语。 【考题链接】-Oh, my god! I_D_ my notebook in my bedroom.-It doesnt matter. I will lend you mine. A.forget B.forgot C.leave D.left 八语法专练八语法专练 一用动词的适当形式填空 1.When I got there the bus _(go). 2.By the time I got to class, the teacher _(start
33、) teaching. 3. We _(learn) over 1000 words by the end of last term. 4. I _(clean) the room before he arrived here. 5. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in. 6. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _(die). 7. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave). 8. The robbers _
34、(run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive). 9.Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call. 10.Our plan _(fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake. 答案： 1.had gone 2. had started 3.had learned 4.had cleaned 5.had painted; moved 6.had made; died 7.had studied; left 8. had run away; arrive
35、d 9.went;had made 10.failed;had made 二选择题 1He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 【答案】A 【解析】本句意为：他问我在暑假期间到哪里？He asked me 是过去时，而“我假期到什么地方”应该是发生 在“他问我”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时；并且这是宾语从句，从句中的语序要用陈述语序。 2. I _ 9 English songs by
36、the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 【答案】C 【解析】本句意为：在我十岁前，我已经学习了 9 首英文歌曲。 by the time I was ten 是过去时，而我学习 英文歌曲这一动作发生在 10 岁前，即“过去的过去”。 3. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 【答案】A
37、 【解析】本句意为：昨天我父母亲回来前，我就已经做好了晚饭。my parents reached home yesterday 是过去 时，而“做饭”这个动作发生在我父母回来之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。 4.He _more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. A.has learned B. would have learned C.learned D. had learned 【答案】D 【解析】本句意为：在他 15 岁进入大学的时候他就已经学了超过 5000 个英文单
38、词。因为上大学 entered the university 是过去，学了五千个英语单词是在上大学之前，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。 5.My father _for London on business, so I didnt see him. A.has left B. left C. had left D. was leaving 【答案】C 【解析】本句意为：他的父亲已经去了伦敦出差，所以我没有看到他。根据 I didnt see him“我没见到他” 是过去，可知在之前“父亲就已经去伦敦”了，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。 6.-We all went to the ci
39、nema except you last night. Why didnt you come?-Because I_ that movie twice. A.have watched B.had watched C.was watching D.would watch 【答案】B 【解析】本句意为：“除了你，昨天晚上我们都去看了电影了。你为什么不来？”“因为我已经看过那部电影 两次了。”看那部电影两次是发生在昨晚上之前的事情，即“过去的过去”，应该用过去完成时。 7.The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous, for s
40、he_ before. A.didnt fly B.hasnt flown C.hadnt flown D.wasnt flying 【答案】C 【解析】本句意为：飞机上坐在我旁边的那个女孩非常紧张，因为她以前没有坐过飞机。前一句分句为一 般过去时，而 fly 这一动作发生在过去状态 was very nervous 之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。 8.I learned_ the city for a long time. A.she has been in B. she has gone to C. she had been in D. she had gone to 【答案】C
41、 【解析】本句意为：我了解到她已经在这个城市待了一段时间。 I learned 是过去时，而“她待在这个城市” 这个动作发生在我了解之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时；又因为 for+一段时间，只能用延续性的动词 had been，C 符合题意。 9. I saw Kate with a new radio in her hand yesterday, but she told me she_the radio for ten days. A.has bought B. had bought C. has had D. had had 【答案】D 【解析】本句意为：我昨天看见 Kate 手里
42、拿了一个新的收音机，但是她告诉我她拥有这个收音机长达 10 年。 she told me 是过去时，“Kate 买这个收音机”是在“她告诉我”之前发生的，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时； for ten days 要用延续性动词，因此短暂性动词 buy 转化为 have，D 符合题意。 10. The film _ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema. A. had already been on B. had already begun C. have already been on D. have already begun 【答案】A 【解析】 本句意为： 当我们到达电影院的时候， 电影已经开始 10 分钟了。 we got to the cinema 是过去时， “电 影开始”是发生在“我们到达”之前，即“过去的过去”；for ten minutes 要用延续性动词，即短暂性动词 begin 要转化成 be on, A 符合题意。
