1、构词法 由于近3年中考对词汇的考查呈现多样性,要求考生不再死记硬背单词表,培养其对一些单词的构成法则的认识,故现在单独列出来做以下讲解。构词法的几种转换形式如下:构词法的几种转换形式如下:1.名词 形容词如:danger dangerous2.动词 名词如:act activity3.动词 形容词如:help helpful4.形容词 名词如:different difference5.形容词 副词如:happy happily构词法构词法主要方式主要方式例词例词转化法(把一种词性用作另一种词性,而词形不变)名词 动词rain雨 下雨形容词 动词clean干净的 打扫形容词 名词Chinese
2、中国的 中国人动词 名词cook烹饪 厨师合成法(把两个独立的单词合在一起构成新词)名词+名词book+shelf bookshelf书架副词+动词over+come overcome克服名词+形容词home+sick homesick思乡派生法(在词前或词后加前缀或后缀构成新词)前缀+词根un+important unimportant 不重要的 词根+后缀visit+or visitor参观者前缀前缀前缀前缀意义意义例词例词前缀前缀意义意义例词例词re-(2017省卷38题)再,重复retellen-使可能enableanti-反对anti-wartele-远程telephonesuper
3、-超级的supermanin-不,非inexpensiveim-不impoliteil-不,非illegalir-不irregularun-不unhappynon-不,非non-smokerdis-不dishonest后缀后缀词类词类后缀后缀例词例词名词-er/-or/-n/-an/-ian/-ese/-ing/-ist/-ment/-ness-ship/-th/-ion/-tion/-ation/-tyinventor 发明家;musician 音乐家;Chinese 汉语;shopping 购物;artist 艺术家;development 发展;happiness 快乐;friendsh
4、ip 友谊;truth 真理;education 教育;safety 安全词类词类后缀后缀例词例词形容词-able/-al/-ed/-en/-ern/-ing/-ive/-ful/-less/-ly/-ous/-yenjoyable 令人愉快的;natural 自然的;surprised 感到惊讶的;wooden 木制的;southern 南方的;surprising 令人惊讶的;active积极的;useful 有用的;useless 无用的;friendly 友好的famous 著名的;sunny 阳光充足的词类词类后缀后缀例词例词数词-teen/-ty/-thfifteen 十五;for
5、ty 四十;ninth 第九副词-lytruly 真实地;happily 快乐地考点小练1.My fathers T-shirt has (complete)lost its shape.2.Roberts (collect)of prints and paintings has been bought over the years.3.In England,people often talk about the weather because they can (experienced)four seasons in one day.4.We are going to climb the m
6、ountain if it is (sun)tomorrow.5.What a (knowledge)person she is!She almost knows everything.6.I have some (difficult)in learning pletelycollectionexperiencesunnyknowledgeabledifficulties7.My grandfathers sunny character has a great (influent)on me in my life.8.Mike gave me a detailed (describe)of t
7、his new computer system.9.It is often said that true love never .A.die B.dies C.dead D.death10.We should do morning exercises to keep healthy.A.action B.activity C.active D.actively11.Miss Green is our new foreign teacher.Does she come from?Yes,she does.She is a .A.Europe;German B.Europe;GermanyC.Eu
8、ropean;German D.European;GermanyinfluencedescriptionBDAA动词的时态17种时态的构成和用法种时态的构成和用法 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可知动词的时态是必考点,且涉及常考的7种时态。其中现在完成时和一般将来时考查频率最高,其次为一般过去时和过去进行时。所以,考生要重点掌握7种时态的基本用法和构成,也要掌握时态的判断方法。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注一般现在时(2016省卷30题)1.现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作;2.目前的状态;3.客观真理;4.在时间状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。1.be(am/is/are)+表语;2.实义动词作谓语(主语
9、是第三人称单数时,谓语动词词尾加-s/-es;其他人称和数用动词原形)。often,sometimes,usually,always,twice a month,on Sundays,every week/month/yearHe usually leaves for school at 7:00 in the morning.他经常早上7点去学校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。在as soon as引导的时间状语从句与if引导的条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注一般过去时(2015省卷78题;2017兰州36题
10、;2016兰州42题)1.过去发生的动作;2.过去存在的状态。1.be(was/were)+表语;2.实义动词的过去式作谓语。just now,ago,in 1980,last night/week/month(last系列),this morning,yesterday,the other day,used toWe went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我们去了历史博物馆。I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注一般将来时(2016省卷24题,30题;2015省卷43题)1.将来发生的动作;2.将来存
11、在的状态。1.助动词will(shall)+动词原形;2.am/is/are going to+动词原形。tomorrow,from now on,soon,in the future,next year/week/month/term(next系列)I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天我将在学校门口和你会面。Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15岁了。在时间和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注现在进行时(2017省卷23题;2015省卷34题)1.目前正在发生的动作;2.现阶段正在进
12、行的动作或持续的状态。am/is/are动词的现在分词now,at present,at the moment,look,listenThe telephone is ringing.Could you answer it,please?电话响了,请接听一下,好吗?表示位置移动或状态变化的动词,如:come,go,leave等词的现在进行时形式可表示将要发生的动作。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注过去进行时(2017兰州36题;2016兰州28题;2015兰州30题)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作was/were+动词的现在分词at 1:00 last night,at that mome
13、nt,表示过去的时间状语I was reading when he came in.当他进来的时候,我正在读书。He was always complaining about something.他总是抱怨一些事情。在复合句中,如果两个动作同时发生,那么延续性动词用过去进行时,短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注现在完成时(2016省卷41题,51题;2015省卷43题;2016兰州44题)1.到现在为止已经完成的动作,对现在还有影响;2.从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。have/has+动词的过去分词yet,just,b
14、efore,recently,once,already,lately,ever,never,since 1996,for ten yearsyet,just,before,recently,once,already,lately,ever,never,since 1996,for ten years1.since后面的从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时;2.短暂性动词不与一段时间连用。如果要与一段时间连用必须换成延续性动词。时态意义构成形式标志词例句备注过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前发生或完成的动作,表示“过去的过去”。had+动词的过去分词by,by the end of,bef
15、ore,when,after,until+过去的时间点Lily had finished her homework when her father came home.莉莉的父亲回来时,她已经完成了家庭作业。/动词时态的解题方法动词时态的解题方法1.识别标志词识别标志词遇到时态题时,首先要寻找时间标志词,如果题干中有明确的时间标志词,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态。2.主从时态须呼应主从时态须呼应如果所给题干是含有宾语从句或状语从句的主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态。3.理解语境理解语境此类试题题干中没有时间标志词,理解语境是解题关键。4.学会看特定动词提示学会看特定
16、动词提示英语中有些特定动词对时态有明显的提示作用,如:look,listen,see,hear,均可表示“正在做某事”或“一直做某事”,此类考题中则应使用现在进行时。考点小练1.Grandpa _ (wear)glasses when he reads.2.Paul and I (play)tennis yesterday.He did much better than I.3.Alice (sit)by the river when a white rabbit with pink eyes ran by.4.They were worried because the number of v
17、isitors smaller and smaller.A.become B.are becoming C.is becoming D.have become5.he usually to school by bus or by subway?A.Does;go B.Do;go C.Will;go D.Has;gone6.Where is your uncle,Jane?He is in Guangzhou.He for a month.A.has left B.has gone C.left D.has been awaywearsplayedwas sittingCADA2时态的判断和易混
18、辨析时态的判断和易混辨析1.一般现在时与现在进行时的易混辨析一般现在时与现在进行时的易混辨析一般现在时表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作,或现在的状态,强调长期性、稳定性;而现在进行时是指此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作,强调暂时性,不稳定性。如:He usually gets up at six in the morning.(经常性、习惯性的动作)She is an English woman.(现在的状态)We are working on the farm these days.(一段时间内的动作,表示这几天暂时在农场工作)Look!The boys are fighting.(此刻所发生的动作)
19、2.一般过去时和现在完成时的易混辨析一般过去时和现在完成时的易混辨析两者都表示过去发生的事情。但一般过去时只强调过去发生的事情本身,不涉及与现在的关系;现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的影响。主要说明现在的情况。如:I opened the door just now.我刚才打开了门。(指刚才做了“开门”的动作,但现在门是否开着,并未说明)I have opened the door.我已经把门打开了。(门现在还开着)3.一般过去时和过去进行时的易混辨析一般过去时和过去进行时的易混辨析一般过去时表示过去发生过,强调动作结束了,侧重于事实。而过去进行时表示动作在过去某时间内进行,强调动作的持续性
20、和未完成性。如:I wrote a letter to a friend last night.(信写完了,强调事实)I was writing a letter to a friend last night.(信不一定写完,强调动作)4.表示表示“将来时态将来时态”几种形式的易混辨析几种形式的易混辨析在初中阶段,我们学了will/shall+动词原形,be going to+动词原形,be doing以及一般现在时等四种形式表达将来时。(1)will/shall表示单纯的将来(即现在之后)。如:He will be back in a few days.他几天之后回来。(单纯将来)(2)be
21、 going to+动词原形,多用于口语中,强调事先的“打算、计划”及要做的事情或有某种迹象要发生的事情。如:What are you going to do this evening?你今天晚上准备做什么?(打算)Look!There are so many clouds in the sky.Its going to rain,I think.看!天空中乌云密布。我觉得是要下雨了。(有迹象要发生的事情)(3)be doing,现在进行时表示即将发生的动作,多与表示位移的动词come,go,arrive,leave,fly,start等连用。如:She is leaving for Beij
22、ing.她就要启程去北京。(4)一般现在时表将来,主要用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句中;或者用来表示按时刻表的规定即将要发生的动作。如:My plane takes off at seven tomorrow morning.我的航班明天早上七点起飞。考点小练7.Im busy now.I (go)to your home after supper.8.Toms father fell off his bike while he (ride)it and hurt himself.9.Tony (leave)his bag in the school library.He has to get
23、 it back.10.Uncle John for a walk after supper every day.A.goes B.going C.go D.is going11.I cant remember when and where I this umbrella.A.buyed B.had bought C.had buyed D.bought12.Qingyang is really a good place.I hope I it again.A.am going visit B.visit C.am visiting D.will visitwill gowas ridingleftADD