1、 Unit 3 The InternetUnit 3 The InternetPeriod 3 Discovering Useful StructurePeriod 3 Discovering Useful Structure 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态unit 3 语法1.The Present Perfect tense(现在完成时)present(now)futurepast Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时现在完成时(1)主语主语+have/has+V-过去分词过去分词(done)助动词助动词,无意义无意义 一：现在完成时的结构一：现在完成时的结构W
2、inter has already come(came,come)，will it still be far in spring?注：主语若是注：主语若是第三人称单数第三人称单数助动词用助动词用 has肯定式：肯定式：主语+have/has+been+done(V-过去分词)否定式：主语+have/has+not+been+done.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+done.特殊疑问句：疑问词+have/has+主语+been+done.一：一：现在完成时的被动语态的结构现在完成时的被动语态的结构(课本课本41页页)The Internet has greatly improve
3、d Jans life.the Internet.change them into the passive voiceJans life has been greatly improved by主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语The Internethas greatly improved Jans life宾语宾语主语主语 谓语变被动谓语变被动has/have+been+done+byPeople have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.people Much has been written by主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语P
4、eoplehave written much宾语宾语主语主语 谓语变被动谓语变被动have/has+been+done+by()about the wonders of the World Wide Web.change them into the passive voiceThey have built a kind of new PC with more functions.them A kind of new PC has been built by主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语They have built a kind of new PC宾语宾语主语主语 谓语变被动谓语变被动have/ha
5、s+been+done+by()with more functions.change them into the passive voiceI have downloaded the software to help my phone last longer.me The software主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语I have downloaded the software宾语宾语主语主语 谓语变被动谓语变被动have/has+been+done+by()to help my phone last longer.cFrom above the pictures,we can know that
6、the structure:Other forms:肯定结构否定结构一般疑问结构特殊疑问结构have/hasbeen donehave/hasnotbeen donehave/has主语主语been done特殊疑问词特殊疑问词have/has主语been doneVerb formPassiveActivehave/has+been+v-edhave/has+v-edUsage/Functions1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have been t
7、old the sports meet will be put off.我已被告知运动会将要被推迟。(结果：现在我已经知道运动会要被推迟)All the preparations for the task have been done，and were ready to start.这项任务的一切准备都已就绪，我们准备好要开始了。(影响：我们现已具备开始的条件)2表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与for时间段或since时间点等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。The machine has been repaired for tw
8、o hours.这台机器已被修了两小时了。(持续：两小时前开始修，现在可能已经修好，也可能没有修好，还要继续修)She hasnt been heard from since then.从那时候起，她就没来过信。(持续：从那以后，一直没收到她的信，以后也可能收不到)3在状语从句中，常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来时的被动语态。I will go home when my homework has been finished.当我完成家庭作业时我就回家。(将来某时处于被完成的状态)Special cases。The plan has been studied by the experts for
9、 three times.这个计划已经由专家研究三次了。The dirty clothes have been washed.脏衣服已经被洗好了。Special cases2现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事与现在有联系；而一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过去有关，与现在没有关系。The library has been built.这座图书馆已经建好了。(图书馆可以用了)The library was built last year.这座图书馆是去年建成的。(图书馆现在是否能用是未知的)Special cases3含有非延续性动词，如begin，start，buy，borrow，fin
10、ish等的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词的现在完成时的被动语态的否定式则可以与for或since构成的时间状语连用。The work has been finished for two days.()This book has not been borrowed since last week.()Special cases4动词短语用于现在完成时的被动语态时，动词后面的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。The injured bird has been looked after since it was saved.(after不可漏掉)5.并不是所有的动词都有被
11、动语态。如happen,occur,take place,break out,belong to,cost,last等不及物动词或词组,就没有被动语态。Some of the best conversations have ever been happened around the dinner table.()Some of the best conversations have ever happened around the dinner table.()Jans life has been greatly improved by the Internet.Much has been w
12、ritten about the wonders of the World Wide Web.Lets learn Read the pairs of sentences.Underline and compare the different verb forms.The Internet has greatly improved Jans life.People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.Verb form How do we from the present perfect passive voice
13、?Fill the blank.Activehave/has+v-edPassive_have/has been+v-ed Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice.Theyve built a kind of new PC with more functions.A kind of new PC has been built with more functions.EXAMPLEI have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer.S
14、omeone has lost an identity card.The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer.An identity card has been lost.Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password?Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file?Has anyone made a comment about the online database?Has the Wi-Fi password been
15、 confirmed?Has the button been pressed yet to copy the file?Has a/any comment been made about the online database?Find out the differences in meaning and function between the active and passive forms.Read the poem.Look at the way your face has been washed Look at the way your teeth have been brushed
16、 Look at the way your shoes have been cleaned Youd better do them again.Look at the way the flowers have been planted Look at the way the grass has been cutLook at the way the paths have been swept I hope that youll come here again.Think of your own situation and write a similar poem.Pair workShare
17、your poem with your partner!Pair workLook at the way the picture has been painted Listen to the way the song has been written Look at the way the film has been made Now think about what you could create.SampleLook at the way the needy have been helped Look at the way the river has been cleaned Look at the way the tree has been planted Now think how to make the world a better place.Sample
