1、一、高考阅读理解文章分析1.1.体裁：应用文、说明文、议论文、记叙文体裁：应用文、说明文、议论文、记叙文2.2.题材：生活实际、社会科学、自然科学、人文文化、文题材：生活实际、社会科学、自然科学、人文文化、文学作品（文学评论）学作品（文学评论）年份年份 A篇篇B篇篇C篇篇D篇篇2019 旅行地宣传黄石公园火山对技术的误解钢琴家与阿茨海默症老人的故事2018 博物馆指南影响餐厅的因素支持小农户社交媒体对儿童的影响2017 书籍介绍鸟的胎教反垄断环保新方式一、高考阅读理解文章分析1.1.体裁：应用文、说明文、议论文、记叙文体裁：应用文、说明文、议论文、记叙文2.2.题材：生活实际、社会科学、自然科
2、学、人文文化、文题材：生活实际、社会科学、自然科学、人文文化、文学作品（文学评论）学作品（文学评论）3.3.特点：特点：1)1)涵盖新课标中要求的主题语境：人与自我，人与社会，涵盖新课标中要求的主题语境：人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。人与自然。2)2)连续性文本和非连续性文本形式都有呈现。连续性文本和非连续性文本形式都有呈现。3)3)注重考查语言技能、语言知识、文化知识和学习策略。注重考查语言技能、语言知识、文化知识和学习策略。二、高考阅读理解命题分析命题分类：主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、写作手法1.主旨大意The passage is mainly about _.What do
3、es the first/last paragraph talk about?What can be a suitable title for the passage?Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?What is the purpose of writing the passage?2.细节理解Which of the following is(not)true?The reason for is _.According to the passage,when(where,who,how
4、etc.)?3.推理判断The writer implies that _.It can be inferred from the passage that _.The author strongly suggests that _.What do we learn about from paragraph 3?The study/example indicates that _.4.词义猜测What does the underlined word/phrase most probably mean?Which of the following word/phrase shares the
5、same meaning of the underlined word/phrase?(2020零模)5.写作手法How does the writer recommend the book to readers?(2017年江苏)A.By giving details of its collection.B.By introducing some of its contents.C.By telling stories at the beginning.D.By comparing it with other books.解题策略抓住5个常考处1）段首和段尾）段首和段尾中心句和结论句中心句和
6、结论句注意有没有引入（注意有没有引入（hook）抓住5个常考处2）引语）引语引用专家的话证明自己观点引用专家的话证明自己观点注意说话人的情感态度注意说话人的情感态度抓住5个常考处3）转折）转折however,but,in fact,instead,nevertheless,though,while等等抓住5个常考处4）因果）因果because,since,for,so,therefore,as a result,consequently,thus,hence等等抓住5个常考处5）特殊标点符号）特殊标点符号破折号：解释说明或补充信息破折号：解释说明或补充信息冒号：解释说明冒号：解释说明括号：解释
7、说明括号：解释说明引号：引用，或者词义变化引号：引用，或者词义变化2019年高考阅读详解A篇本文介绍了本文介绍了Buxton小镇的特色和旅游景点，属于应用文。小镇的特色和旅游景点，属于应用文。三个小标题对应三个部分：体育活动、文化活动和适合孩三个小标题对应三个部分：体育活动、文化活动和适合孩子玩乐的地方。子玩乐的地方。图片意义不大，可以忽略。图片意义不大，可以忽略。答案详解56.If you want to take an underground journey,which place is the best choice?A.Poles Caven.B.Pavilion Gardens.C.
8、Buxton Museum.D.Green Man Gallery.答案详解【56题题】细节理解题。问题关键词是细节理解题。问题关键词是take an underground journey。根据根据High energy中的中的or journey beneath the earth at Pooles Cavern.可知，在可知，在 Poole的的Cavern，可以在地下旅行，故，可以在地下旅行，故A项项正确。正确。答案详解57.Buxton Open House&Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers _.A.rides in
9、small trainsB.courses in modern artsC.artistic and cultural activities D.basic courses in horse riding答案详解【57题详解题详解】细节理解题。问题关键词是细节理解题。问题关键词是Buxton Opera House&Pavilion Arts Centre和和special。根据。根据High minded中的中的Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and youll find much to suit all tastes wit
10、h art,music,opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House&Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery.可知，可知，Buxton以其丰富的文以其丰富的文化生活而自豪。故化生活而自豪。故C选项正确。选项正确。词汇积累memorymemorablecavecavingjustjusticejustifyjustifiably值得回忆的，难忘的值得回忆的，难忘的洞穴探险洞穴探险理所当然地理所当然地B篇B篇文章讲述了篇文章讲述了Christiansen发现黄石公园火山的过程，属发现黄石公园火山
11、的过程，属于自然科学类的说明文。于自然科学类的说明文。B篇段落大意段落大意Para 1:Bob Christiansen became puzzled that he couldnt find the parks volcano.Para 2:There are two kinds of volcanoes,and Yellowstone belongs to the second type.Para 3:How Christiansen solved the mystery.重点句理解1.In the 1960s,while studying the volcanic history of
12、Yellowstone National Park,Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that,oddly,had not troubled anyone before:he couldnt find the parks volcano.结构分析：前半段是结构分析：前半段是while引导的时间状语从句，主句中有个定引导的时间状语从句，主句中有个定语从句语从句that,oddly,had not troubled anyone before。注意。注意oddly是插入语。是插入语。重点句理解2.Most of us，when we t
13、alk about volcanoes,think of the classic cone（圆锥体）（圆锥体）shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro,which are created when erupting magma（岩浆）（岩浆）piles up.结构分析：句里包含了一个结构分析：句里包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句和引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句，还包含了一个引导的非限制性定语从句，还包含了一个when引导的时间状语引导的时间状语从句。主句其实很简单：从句。主句其实很简单：Most of us think of the classi
14、c cone（圆锥体）（圆锥体）shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro。重点句理解3.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centers.此句是个复合句，包含了一个同位语从句此句是个复合句，包含了一个同位语从句that they might make a nice blow-up for one of t
15、he visitors centers，注意，注意that是连词，是连词，在同位语从句中不做成分，但不能丢。在同位语从句中不做成分，但不能丢。blow-up根据前面的根据前面的photographs和和copies可以进行猜测是和照片有关。可以进行猜测是和照片有关。答案详解58.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？A.Its complicated geographical features.B.Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.C.The mysterious hist
16、ory of the park.D.The exact location of the volcano.答案详解【58题题】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But Christiansen couldnt find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.可知，他困可知，他困惑的是在黄石公园找不到火山。故选惑的是在黄石公园找不到火山。故选D。答案详解59.What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？A.The shapes of volcanoes.B.The impacts of vo
17、lcanoes.C.The activities of volcanoes.D.The heights of volcanoes.答案详解【59题题】主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选大的洞，故选A。答案详解60.What does the underlined word blow-up in the last para
18、graph most probably mean？A.Hot-air balloon.B.Digital camera.C.Big photograph.D.Birds view.答案详解【60题题】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone.A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park au
19、thorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors centers.可知，美国国家航空航天局为测试一些新的高海拔可知，美国国家航空航天局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其供游客中心展示，故此处意为能会将其供游客中心展示，故此处意为“照片照片”，选，选C。词汇积累oddoddlyvo
20、lcanovolcanicaccount forpile upremarkremarkableremarkablytop outexplodeexplosive奇怪的是奇怪的是火山的火山的解释说明，组成解释说明，组成堆积堆积非常地，格外地非常地，格外地冒出来冒出来爆炸的；炸药爆炸的；炸药词汇积累was of this second typehigh altitude cameracopieson the assumption thatspot the calderamust have blown up是第二类的是第二类的高空摄像机高空摄像机拷贝，副本，（书的）一册拷贝，副本，（书的）一册认为认
21、为发现火山口发现火山口肯定曾经爆炸肯定曾经爆炸C篇本文论述了人们对技术进步的误解，属于社会科学类的议本文论述了人们对技术进步的误解，属于社会科学类的议论文。论文。C篇段落大意段落大意Para 1-2:Introduction to the topic and the writers opinionPara 3-5:The bad results that such fascination with modern technology has led to.Para 6:Our fascination with the latest technology has led us to the wr
22、ong directions.）重点句理解1.It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of peoples opinions.However,they have real impacts,as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.结构分析：第一句是复合句，包含了结构分析：第一句是复合句，包含了if引导的条件状语从句。引导的条件状语从句。本句中本句中matter出现了两次，第一个出现了两次，第一个matter是及物动词：要紧，是及物动词：要紧，重要重要;
23、有重大影响有重大影响;有重要性。第二个有重要性。第二个matter是名词：事件是名词：事件;问问题。第二句是复合句，包含了题。第二句是复合句，包含了as引导的原因状语从句。注意引导的原因状语从句。注意however这个词非常重要，它往往揭示了作者的真实观点。这个词非常重要，它往往揭示了作者的真实观点。重点句理解2.The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology)revolution,represented by the Internet,has made some rich countries wron
24、gly conclude that making things is so yesterday that they should try to live on ideas.第一句主句：第一句主句：The fascination has made some rich countries wrongly conclude，conclude后面接宾语从句后面接宾语从句that making things is so“yesterday”that they should try to live on ideas，包含，包含sothat引引导的是结果状语从句。导的是结果状语从句。represented
25、by the Internet,是过去分词短语是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰做后置定语，修饰revolution。yesterday是副词，加上引号是词义是副词，加上引号是词义引申，理解为引申，理解为“过时的过时的”。重点句理解3.Even more worryingly,the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the digital divide between the rich countries an
26、d the poor countries.第一句的主句：第一句的主句：the fascination has moved the international community。international community的意思的是的意思的是“国际国际社会社会”。to worry about the digital divide between the rich countries and the poor countries是宾补，构成复合宾语。本句是宾补，构成复合宾语。本句的核心关键词汇有：的核心关键词汇有：worryingly，worry about，digital divide。重点
27、句理解4.In yet another example,a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a borderless world.第一句是一个包含有第一句是一个包含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句，中间又有引导的宾语从句的复合句，中间又有一个一个sothat句型，引导结果状语从句。句型
28、，引导结果状语从句。重点句理解5.As a result,in the last twenty years or so,many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress,going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back.前半句是复合句，包含了前半句是复合句，包含了that 引导的宾语从句，其中包含了引导的宾语从句，其中包含了whate
29、ver 引导的主语从句。引导的主语从句。going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back 这句话中，这句话中，which引导非限制性定引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是语从句，先行词是great technological progress，做，做going against的宾语。的宾语。重点句理解6.Believing in such a world,many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-bo
30、rder flows of capital,labour and goods,with poor results.Believing in such a world作原因状语，说明了政府终结了一些作原因状语，说明了政府终结了一些必要规定的理由。还要联系上文，理解必要规定的理由。还要联系上文，理解such a world就是指上就是指上文提到的文提到的“a borderless world”。重点句理解7.However,our fascination with the latest,and our under valuation of what has already become commo
31、n,can,and has,led us in all sorts of wrong directions.这是一个复合句，这是一个复合句，what引导的宾语从句做引导的宾语从句做of的宾语。注意从句的宾语。注意从句中的动词中的动词can,and has,led，里面蕴含了两层含义，里面蕴含了两层含义，“能够并且能够并且以及导致了以及导致了”。答案详解61.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to _.A.a lack of confidence in technologyB a slow progress in
32、technologyC.a conflict of public opinionsD.a waste of limited resources答案详解【61题题】细节理解题。根据第二段细节理解题。根据第二段However,they have real impacts,as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.可知，对可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选资源的浪费，故选D。答案详解62.The example in Paragraph 4 sugg
33、ests that donators should _.A.take peoples essential needs into accountB.make their programmes attractive to peopleC.ensure that each child gets financial supportD provide more affordable internet facilities答案详解【62题题】推理判断题。根据第四段推理判断题。根据第四段Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things and be
34、nefits of alternative uses of their money.可知，作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是可知，作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选味地追求信息化，故选A。答案详解63.What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?A.Neglecting the impacts of
35、 technological advances.B.Believing that the world has become borderless.C.Ignoring the power of economic development.D.Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.答案详解【63题题】细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，对新东西的迷恋让人细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界，正是认为我们生活
36、在这样一个世界，很多政府界的世界，正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选规，故选B。答案详解64.What can we learn from the passage?A.People should be encouraged to make more donations.B.Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.C.Making right career choices is crucial to personal suc
37、cess.D.Economic policies should follow technological trends.答案详解【64题题】推理判断题。根据最后一段结论句推理判断题。根据最后一段结论句However,our fascination with the latest,and our under-valuation of what has already become common,can,and has,led us in all sorts of wrong directions.可知，我们现在迷恋于最新技术，低估了一些常可知，我们现在迷恋于最新技术，低估了一些常见的东西，以及走
38、上了错误的方向，推断可知作者认为传见的东西，以及走上了错误的方向，推断可知作者认为传统的技术依然占有一席之地，故选统的技术依然占有一席之地，故选B。词汇积累judgementmisjudgmentscarce resourcesfascinatefascinatingfascinationpost-industrial societydigital divideI am not saying that but误判误判稀少资源稀少资源着迷，迷恋着迷，迷恋后工业社会后工业社会数字鸿沟数字鸿沟我的意思不是我的意思不是，但是但是词汇积累revolutionrevolutionarya borderle
39、ss worldcross-border flows of capitalunder-valuation革命性的革命性的无国界的世界无国界的世界资本的跨国流动资本的跨国流动低估低估D篇本文讲述了钢琴师本文讲述了钢琴师Naomi帮助一个患阿尔茨海默病的老人帮助一个患阿尔茨海默病的老人Steve录制音乐的故事，属于记叙文。录制音乐的故事，属于记叙文。故事脉络：女儿故事脉络：女儿Melissa想帮助父亲录下他的曲子想帮助父亲录下他的曲子Naomi帮助老人录曲帮助老人录曲老人的作曲热情被激发，创作出老人的作曲热情被激发，创作出“忧郁之忧郁之花花”，并寄给，并寄给NaomiNaomi把把“忧郁之花忧郁之
40、花”列入音乐会曲列入音乐会曲目目之后之后Naomi又举办了一场音乐会，演奏老人的音乐。又举办了一场音乐会，演奏老人的音乐。重点句理解1.Melissa,his daughter,felt it more than worthwhile to save his music,to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.结构分析：结构分析：to which she fell asleep是一个非限制性定语从句。是一个非限制性定语从句。his music是先行词，是先行词，which是关系代词。本句涉及了一个短语是关系代词。本句涉及了一
41、个短语fall asleep to the music（听着音乐睡觉），注意我们学过（听着音乐睡觉），注意我们学过dance to the music。重点句理解2.Naomi put a small recorder near the piano.Starts and stops and mistakes.Long pauses,heart sinking.But Steve pressed on,playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.Naomi在钢琴边放了一台小录音机。他弹弹停停，演奏中间掺在钢琴边放了一台小录音机。他弹
42、弹停停，演奏中间掺杂着失误。他暂停良久，让人觉得心情沉重。但是，杂着失误。他暂停良久，让人觉得心情沉重。但是，Steve努力努力坚持着，这是他这一生第一次为陌生人演奏。坚持着，这是他这一生第一次为陌生人演奏。（注意本文句子（注意本文句子简练，和简练，和C篇形成鲜明对比）篇形成鲜明对比）重点句理解3.Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steves favorite,and most personal songs.With Naomis help,the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi p
43、laying Steves songs.Joni thought that would be the end.But it wasnt.注意本段最后一句话，注意本段最后一句话，Joni以为事情到此结束了，但事实并非以为事情到此结束了，但事实并非如此。（引出下文的音乐会）如此。（引出下文的音乐会）重点句理解4.Steve arrived and sat in the front row,surrounded by his family.The house lights faded.Naomi took the stage.Her fingers.His heart.Steve到了现场并坐在前排，
44、家人围坐在四周。此时灯光暗了。到了现场并坐在前排，家人围坐在四周。此时灯光暗了。Naomi开始演奏。他的心完全沉浸在她的演奏之中。开始演奏。他的心完全沉浸在她的演奏之中。答案详解65.Why did Melissa want to save her fathers music?A.His music could stop his disease from worsening.B.She wanted to please her dying old father.C.His music deserved to be preserved in the family.D.She wanted to
45、make her father a professional.答案详解【65题题】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Steve是一位专业的软件工是一位专业的软件工程师，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家里唯一的音乐家，音程师，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家里唯一的音乐家，音乐是他真正热爱的东西，尽管没有在家以外的地方弹奏过乐是他真正热爱的东西，尽管没有在家以外的地方弹奏过钢琴。根据第三段钢琴。根据第三段Melissa,his daughter,felt it more than worthwhile to save his music.可知，他的女儿可知，他的女儿Melissa觉得保
46、觉得保存他的音乐很有价值，故选存他的音乐很有价值，故选C。答案详解66.After hearing Steves playing,Naomi _.A.refused to make a comment on itB.was deeply impressed by his musicC.decided to free Steve from sufferingD.regretted offering help to her friend答案详解【66题题】推理判断题。根据第十段推理判断题。根据第十段“It was beautiful.”Naomi said after listening to t
47、he recording.“The music was worth saving.”可知，听了录音之后可知，听了录音之后Naomi说很美，值得保存，故说很美，值得保存，故可以得出可以得出Naomi对对Steve的音乐印象深刻，故选的音乐印象深刻，故选B。答案详解67.How can the process of Steves recording be described?A.It was slow but productive.B.It was beneficial to his health.C.It was tiresome for Naomi.D.It was vital for Nao
48、mis career.答案详解【67题题】推理判断题。根据第十二段推理判断题。根据第十二段.Hed move his fingers clumsily on the piano,and then shed take his place.以及第十三段以及第十三段Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines,beats,intervals,moving from the root to end a song in a new key.Steve heard it.All of it.He just couldnt play it.可知这个录制过可知这个录制
49、过程很慢。根据第十六段程很慢。根据第十六段Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steves favorite,and most personal,songs.可知作品很多。可知作品很多。所以录制过程很慢但很有成效。故选所以录制过程很慢但很有成效。故选A。答案详解68.Before Steve finished“Melancholy Flower,his wife Joni _.A.thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted B.didnt expect the damage the disease brough
50、t about C.didnt fully realize the value of her husbands music D.brought her husbands music career to perfection答案详解【68题题】推理判断题。根据第十六段推理判断题。根据第十六段Joni thought that would be the end.But it wasnt.以及后文以及后文Steve取得的成就可知，在完成取得的成就可知，在完成Melancholy Flower之前，他的妻子还没完全意识到丈夫的之前，他的妻子还没完全意识到丈夫的音乐的真正价值，故选音乐的真正价值，故选C
