1、 Ellipsis (省略)省略)为了使语言简洁或避免重复,省为了使语言简洁或避免重复,省略句中的一个或几个句子成分,略句中的一个或几个句子成分,这种语法现象称为这种语法现象称为省略省略。定义定义 Doesnt matter.doesnt matter.What/How(do you think)about a cup of tea?Why(do you)not say hello to him?His brother isnt lazy,nor is his sister.在由在由and连接的一些句子中,为避免重复常省略连接的一些句子中,为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。一些重复的词或词组
2、。1.省略共同的主语或宾语。省略共同的主语或宾语。Mr.Smith picked up a coin in the road and(Mr.Smith)handed it to a policeman.2.若主语不同而谓语助动词,情态动词相同,若主语不同而谓语助动词,情态动词相同,则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。Jack must have been playing football and Mary(must have been)doing her homework.3.若主语与谓语动词相同,省略后面的主谓成分。若主语与谓语动词相同,省略后面的主谓成分。His a
3、dvice made me happy,but(his advice made)Jim angry.4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。省略主要动词及后续部分。I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob(was born in winter)in 1989.5.5.省略重复的介词,连词及后续部分。省略重复的介词,连词及后续部分。He was late because he had overslept and(because he had)missed the train.2.名词性从句中的省略
4、:名词性从句中的省略:1)在在say,know,think,believe,suppose,consider,find,decide等动词后面所接的等动词后面所接的一个一个宾语从句宾语从句中,连词中,连词that可以省略;若后接可以省略;若后接多个宾多个宾语从句语从句,只有,只有第一个第一个连词连词that可可省略,省略,其余的其余的连连词词that不能不能省略。如:省略。如:I think(that)you like me,do you?我们的语我们的语 文老师说这篇课文非常重要,我们应文老师说这篇课文非常重要,我们应 该把它记住。该把它记住。Our Chinese teacher said
5、(that)the text was very important_ _.and that we should learn it by heart2)在与在与request,advise,suggest,recommend demand,require,insist,order,command 等词相关等词相关的的名词性从句名词性从句中,须用中,须用虚拟语气虚拟语气形式形式“should+动词动词原形原形”,should可以省略。如:可以省略。如:汤姆建议我们去看电影功夫熊猫。汤姆建议我们去看电影功夫熊猫。Tom suggested that we(should)go to see the m
6、ovie Kung Fu Panda.(_从句从句)It was suggested that we(should)go to see the movie Kung Fu Panda.(_从句从句)Tom made the suggestion that we(should)go to see the movie Kung Fu Panda.(_从句从句)Toms suggestion was that we(should)go to see the movie Kung Fu Panda.(_从句从句)宾宾 语语主主 语语同位语同位语表表 语语3.定语从句中的省略:定语从句中的省略:1)在限
7、制性定语从句中,作在限制性定语从句中,作宾语宾语用的关系代词用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略。如:可省略。如:我最喜欢的电影明星是李小龙。我最喜欢的电影明星是李小龙。The film star_ I like most is Bruce Lee.我们有使我们感到骄傲的历史。我们有使我们感到骄傲的历史。We have a history_ we are proud of.(whom/who/that)(which/that)判断正误:判断正误:这是我的妻子,我的一切都归功于她。这是我的妻子,我的一切都归功于她。This is my wife,I owe everything to
8、.()见到她的那天是我一生中最伟大的日子。见到她的那天是我一生中最伟大的日子。The day I saw her was the greatest of my life.()注意:关系代词引导注意:关系代词引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句,即使,即使在从句中作在从句中作宾语宾语,_。“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”引导定语从句,关系代词引导定语从句,关系代词_。whom/whoon which不可省略不可省略不可省略不可省略2)定语从句中的定语从句中的“主语主语(关系代词关系代词)+be”可以可以省略。如:省略。如:那个国家讲的是什么语言?那个国家讲的是什么语言?Whats the lang
9、uage spoken in that country?Whats the language spoken in that country?我从未见过如此聪明勤奋的学生。我从未见过如此聪明勤奋的学生。Never have I seen a student_ so smart and hardworking.Never have I seen a student so smart and hardworking.who/that iswhich/that is1.when,while,as,once,whenever引导的时引导的时间状语从句;间状语从句;2.if,unless引导的条件状语从句
10、;引导的条件状语从句;3.though,although,even if,even though引引导的让步状语从句;导的让步状语从句;4.as though,as if,as引导的方式状语从句;引导的方式状语从句;5.wherever引导的地点状语从句引导的地点状语从句 若从句的主语是若从句的主语是it或与主句的主或与主句的主语相同,且谓语是语相同,且谓语是be时,常同时时,常同时省略从句的主语和省略从句的主语和be。1)保留不定式符号保留不定式符号to的场合:的场合:不定式作某些动词的不定式作某些动词的宾语宾语时,常见动词如时,常见动词如want,like,love,care,hope,w
11、ish,expect,prefer,refuse,mean,agree,afford,forget,remember,try,manage等。如:等。如:对不起,伤害了你的感情。我不是故意的。对不起,伤害了你的感情。我不是故意的。Im sorry I hurt your feelings.I _.didnt mean to 不定式在句中作某些动词的不定式在句中作某些动词的宾语补足语宾语补足语或或主主语补足语语补足语时,常见动词如时,常见动词如ask,advise,persuade,tell,wish,allow,permit,force等。等。如:如:最后他们照我的话做了。最后他们照我的话做了
12、。At last they did as I told them to.(_补补)如果不是迫不得已,他是不会娶她的。如果不是迫不得已,他是不会娶她的。He would not have married her if he had not been forced to.(_补补)她想来但她父母不让她来。她想来但她父母不让她来。(allow)She wants to come but her parents wont_.allow her to宾宾主主2)可省略不定式符号可省略不定式符号to的场合:的场合:主语部分或修饰主语的定语部分有实义动词主语部分或修饰主语的定语部分有实义动词do的各种形式,
13、作表语的不定式可省略的各种形式,作表语的不定式可省略to,也可,也可保留保留to。如:。如:What Id advise you to do is take exercise every day.()The most important thing I should do is(to)give you some advice on how to learn a foreign language.()主语从句中主语从句中有实义动词有实义动词do主语的定语从句主语的定语从句中中有实义动词有实义动词do 不定式做介词不定式做介词but,except等的等的宾语宾语,且前,且前面有面有实义动词实义动词
14、do的各种形式时,须的各种形式时,须省略省略不定式不定式符号符号to。如:。如:They nothing but watch TV last night.昨晚他们只看了电视,其他什么都没有干。昨晚他们只看了电视,其他什么都没有干。I dont want to anything except_.除了帮助你们,我什么事情除了帮助你们,我什么事情都不想做。都不想做。He had no choice but _.他别无选择,只能跟她说了真话。他别无选择,只能跟她说了真话。help youto tell her the truthdiddo 在在see,look at,hear,listen to,wa
15、tch,notice,observe,feel,have,make,let等词后作宾语补足语等词后作宾语补足语时,须省略不定式符号时,须省略不定式符号to。如:。如:昨天我又一次听玛丽动情地讲述她的爱情故事。昨天我又一次听玛丽动情地讲述她的爱情故事。Yesterday I listened to Mary speak movingly about her love story once again.她的爱情故事总是让我哭泣。她的爱情故事总是让我哭泣。Her love story always makes me cry.判断正误:判断正误:He was seen to cheat in the
16、exam.()有人看见他考试作了弊。有人看见他考试作了弊。He was made to admit that he had cheated in the exam.()他被迫承认他在考试中作弊。他被迫承认他在考试中作弊。注注:以上动词若可用于被动语态以上动词若可用于被动语态,不定式符号不定式符号to不可省略不可省略。why(not)do sth?结构中不定式省略结构中不定式省略to。Why not_?为什么不留下来吃午饭呢?为什么不留下来吃午饭呢?We can start now,so why_?我们现在可以开始了,何必等呢?我们现在可以开始了,何必等呢?(意思是意思是 “不必要等不必要等”)
17、stay for lunchwait虚拟条件句中如有虚拟条件句中如有were,had,should,可省略可省略 if,将将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。如提前构成部分倒装。如:如果我是你的话,我就会努力学习。如果我是你的话,我就会努力学习。If I were you,I would study hard._,I would study hard.早知如此,我就不来了。早知如此,我就不来了。If I had known it,I would not have come._,I would not have come.如果你明天遇到周杰伦,你会对他说什么如果你明天遇到周杰伦,你
18、会对他说什么?If you should meet Jay Chou tomorrow,what would you say to him?_ Jay Chou tomorrow,what would you say to him?Should you meetHad I known itWere I you1.一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略,而保留其后的一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略,而保留其后的 动名词,常见的句型有动名词,常见的句型有spend/waste time(in)doing,lose no time(in)doing;have difficult/tro
19、uble(in)doing;be busy(in)doing;stop/prevent sb.(from)doing 等。等。The heavy rain prevented him(from)arriving there on time.She lost no time(in)giving the patient first aid.六、介词的省略六、介词的省略2.表示行为方式的表示行为方式的in在在in this way,in the same way,in another way等词组中,经常被省略。等词组中,经常被省略。He did it(in)this way.有时为了省事,人们常把某些词省掉,特别有时为了省事,人们常把某些词省掉,特别是在口语中。如:是在口语中。如:有什么问题吗?有什么问题吗?明白我的意思吗?明白我的意思吗?party yesterday.This way,please.请这边走。请这边走。(Come)Anything wrong?(Is there)See what I mean?(Do you)(It)Serves him right!他活该!他活该!Havent seen you for ages.好久不见。好久不见。(I)Pity that I didnt go to your birthday(It is a)七七 口语中的省略口语中的省略