1、madeofcanruohanxingUnit3 Science versus nature 根据构词法，复合词分为派生词、根据构词法，复合词分为派生词、合成词、转化词。合成词、转化词。派生词是由词根加派生词缀构成。派生词是由词根加派生词缀构成。大多数的前缀并不影响词的词性，大多数的前缀并不影响词的词性，而仅对词根的意义加以修饰，表而仅对词根的意义加以修饰，表示否定、相反、贬低、程度、时示否定、相反、贬低、程度、时间、方位等意义间、方位等意义。不改变词根的基本意义，而是改不改变词根的基本意义，而是改变了词性。变了词性。1.1.动词变名词：动词变名词：-ationsatisfaction,edu
2、cation,realization-ment development,movement,disappointment-alarrival,refusal-ee trainee,employee-erteacher,worker-orvisitor,sailor(前缀前缀)(词根词根)(后缀后缀)1)You cannot find your new pen.What happened to your pen?2)Many people respect Mr.Li and think he is a good man.He helps people out and is a good citiz
3、en and friend.So can you find a word to describe Mr.Li?It disappearedRespectable3)Miss Wang has published several books.She loves her job writing novels.So what is Miss Wangs occupation(职业职业)?4)You cannot find the order of the numbers in a group of members.So can you find a word to describe the orde
4、r of the numbers?irregularShe is a novelist Sometimes you can guess what a word means by looking at its prefix or suffix.Look at the examples and work out the meanings.anti-cloning,anticanceragainst,opposed todisappear,disagreeunfair,unwillingnot,apposed ofincorrect,incomparableillegal,illogicalimmo
5、ral,immodestirresponsible,irregularnot,without pre-preview,preserveearly,beforepro-pro-cloningin favour of,supportingre-recreate,repeat,renewagainSometimes you can guess what a word means by looking at its prefix or suffix.Look at the examples and work out the meanings.Some other commonly used prefi
6、xes non-notnon-smoker,non-alcoholic,non-profitinter-international,interaction,interruptbetweentele-telescope,telegram,telecommunicationfar offtrans-transport,translate,transnationalacrossmis-misunderstand,mislead,misdeedwrongsub-subtitle,subway,submarineunderover-overeat,overwork,overacttoo muchtri-
7、triangle,tricycle,tricolor threeauto-autobiography,autoalarm,automobileself Some other commonly used suffixesDo you think we should protect nature?Complete what an environmentalist is saying below.Use the words from the box.I think cutting down trees should be made(1)_ and tighter laws should be int
8、roduced.So many people are showing their(2)_ for nature;they dont seem to care that they are destroying the environment.Sometimes I think we are fighting a(3)_ battle against people who just wont listen.I know scientists have worked hard to achieve scientific breakthrough but its(4)_ whether theyll
9、succeed totally.Although its(5)_ that they want to advance technology,I think some things are best left the way they are.illegaldisrespecthopelessuncertainunderstandable大多数的前缀并不影响词的词性，大多数的前缀并不影响词的词性，而仅对词根的意义加以修饰，表而仅对词根的意义加以修饰，表示否定、相反、贬低、程度、时示否定、相反、贬低、程度、时间、方位等意义。间、方位等意义。1.1.表示否定的前缀：表示否定的前缀：un-non-in
10、-dis-im-il-ir-unfair,unhappynonsmoker,nonbook(常用在常用在n.adj.adv.前前)inactive,inhuman,indirect(常用在常用在adj.后后)disagree,disappear impolite,impossible(用在用在b,p,m 开头的词前开头的词前)illegalirreal,irregular.前缀：前缀：2.2.表示错误或失当的前缀表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misjudge,misdirect(误导误导)3.3.表示向背的前缀表示向背的前缀:pro-anti-pro-Chinese,pro-Americana
11、ntiwar,anti-Japanese war4.4.表示程度、大小的前缀表示程度、大小的前缀super-over-mini-under-semi-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpoweroverhead,overeat,overuseminibus,miniskirt,minicarunderground,underdevelopsemicircle,semiskilled,semisteel5.5.表示时间的前缀表示时间的前缀pre-post-fore-prewarpostwarforetell,forecast,foresee,weatherf
12、orcast6.6.表示方位的前缀：表示方位的前缀：sub-inter-trans-subway,submarineinternational,intercity,interclasstranslate,transatlantic后缀：后缀：不改变词根的基本意义，而是改变了词性。不改变词根的基本意义，而是改变了词性。1.1.动词变名词：动词变名词：-ationsatisfaction,education,realization-ment development,movement,disappointment-alarrival,refusal-ee trainee,employee-ertea
13、cher,worker-orvisitor,sailor2.2.形容词变名词：形容词变名词：-ness-ity-ismhappiness,meanness,carelessnessability,possibility Marxism,criticism3.3.名词、形容词变动词：名词、形容词变动词：-ify-ize-enbeautify,simplifyrealizequicken,widen,sharpen3.3.名词变形容词：名词变形容词：-y-ish-some-ous-fulwindy,rainy,sandyfoolish,feverishhandsome,troublesomedan
14、gerous,humoroushelpful,careful,peaceful但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义：变词义：Kingdom:“职位、状态职位、状态”Boyhood:“身份，资格身份，资格”Friendship:“情态、状态、性质、情态、状态、性质、身份、职业、技巧、技能身份、职业、技巧、技能”Spoonful：构成名词构成名词freedomchildhoodleadership,hardshipmouthful,handfullungsliverheartstomachkidneys artery Key to Exercise B(1)Brain (2)heart (3)liver (4)lungs (5)stomach (6)kidneysHomework1.Complete Part C on page 47 in pairs or groups.2.Read the article in Part A on page 113 and do Par B on the same page.
