1、Chapter 4 Job AttitudesEssentials of Organizational Behavior,10/eStephen P.Robbins&Timothy A.JudgeAfter studying this chapter,you should be able to:1.Contrast the three components of an attitude.2.Summarize the relationship between attitudes and behavior.3.Compare and contrast the major job attitude
2、s.4.Define job satisfaction and show how it can be measured.5.Summarize the main causes of job satisfaction and identify four employee responses to dissatisfaction.6.Show whether job satisfaction is a relevant concept in countries other than the United States.Attitudes Evaluative statements either f
3、avorable or unfavorable concerning objects,people or events Attitudes reflect how one feels about somethingThree Main Components of AttitudesCognition an opinion or belief“I just found out I am paid 20%less than my coworkers.”Affect the emotional or feeling segment associated with that belief“I feel
4、 angry that I am not being treated fairly.”Behavior the intention to behave in a certain way“I am going to quit this job soon as I can,and I am taking the red stapler with me!”Attitudes Follow Behavior:Cognitive DissonanceAny inconsistency between two or more attitudes,or between behavior and attitu
5、des Individuals seek to minimize dissonance The desire to reduce dissonance is determined by:The importance of the elements creating the dissonance The degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over the elements The rewards that may be involved in dissonanceBehavior Follows Attitudes
6、:Moderating VariablesThe most powerful moderators of the attitude-behavior relationships are:Importance Correspondence to behavior Accessibility Social pressures Direct personal experienceKnowing attitudes helps predict behaviorMajor Job Attitudes Job Satisfaction Job Involvement Psychological Empow
7、erment Organizational Commitment Affective commitment Continuance commitment Normative commitment Perceived Organizational Support(POS)Employee EngagementMeasuring Job Satisfaction Single Global Rating Method Only a few general questions Remarkably accurate Summation Score Method Identifies key elem
8、ents in the job and asks for specific feeling about themWhat Causes Job Satisfaction?The Work Itself the strongest correlation with overall satisfaction Pay not correlated after individual reaches a level of comfortable living Advancement Supervision CoworkersThe Consequences of DissatisfactionExitV
9、oiceNeglectLoyaltyPassive to ActiveDestructive to ConstructiveThe Benefits of Satisfaction Better job and organizational performance Better organizational citizenship behaviors(OCB Discretionary behaviors that contribute to organizational effectiveness,but are not part of employees formal job descri
10、ption)Greater levels of customer satisfaction Generally lower absenteeism and turnover Decreased instances of workplace devianceGlobal ImplicationsIs job satisfaction a U.S.concept?Cross-cultural differences do exist but job satisfaction seems to be a global concernAre employees in Western cultures
11、more satisfied with their jobs?Yes,but that may be due to the greater value Westerners put on positive emotions and happiness.Implications for ManagersEmployee attitudes give warnings of potential problems and influence behavior Satisfied and committed employees exhibit behaviors that increase organ
12、izational outcomes Managers must measure job attitudes in order to improve them Most important elements a manager can focus on are the intrinsic parts of the job:making the work challenging and interesting High pay is not enough to create satisfactionKeep in Mind Individuals have many kinds of attit
13、udes about their job.Job satisfaction is related to organizational effectiveness.Most employees are satisfied with their jobs,but when they are not,a host of actions in response to the satisfaction might be expected.Summary1.Contrasted the three components of an attitude.2.Summarized the relationshi
14、p between attitudes and behavior.3.Compared and contrasted the major job attitudes.4.Defined job satisfaction and showed how it can be measured.5.Summarized the main causes of job satisfaction and identified four employee responses to dissatisfaction.6.Showed that job satisfaction is a relevant conc
15、ept in countries other than the United States.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted,in any form or by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.Printed in the United States of America.
