1、基本句型基本句型n主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（主系表）表语（主系表）n主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+（其他成分）（其他成分）n主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）宾语（主谓宾）n主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语n主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补句子成分n主语主语n谓语谓语n宾语宾语n表语表语n宾补宾补n定语定语n状语状语 同位语同位语I told my best friend Tom to pick me up at the airport.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语宾宾语语补补足足语语句子成分英文名说明常用词类例
2、句主语subject句子所要说明的动作或状态的主体（人或事物）名词、代词,动名词,不定式,从句等I am a student.谓语predicate表示主语的动作或状态动词You read the book.表语predicative放在连系动词后表示主语的身份或特征。名词、代词、形容词,动名词,分词,不定式,介词短语,从句等She is a teacher.宾语object表示及物动词动作的对象名词、代词,动名词,不定式,从句等Mike did the job.定语attribute限定或修饰名词、代词等形容词,动名词,分词不定式,介词短语,从句等The black dog barks.状语
3、adverbial修饰动词形容词副词之用，表示时间地点状态程度等含义副词,形容词,分词,不定式,介词短语,从句等Run quickly.句子成分英文名说明常用词类例句宾语补足语complement对宾语进行补充说明，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。名词、形容词,分词,不定式介词短语等I find the book very boring.同位语appositive对前面的名词或代词做进一步解释。名词、数词、代词或从句This is Mr.Li,our headmaster.The news that he is ill worries us.独立成分Independent elements与全句没有什
4、么语法关系，有感叹词、肯定与否定的答语、插入语、呼语等感叹词副词短语Oh,hello,I think,to tell you the truth,Mr.Li,Your Majesty,Mum.Yes,no主语主语nJane is good at playing the piano.nShe went out in a hurry.nFour plus four is eight.nTo see is to believe.nSmoking is bad for health.nThe young should respect the old.nWhat he has said is true.
5、谓语n简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.n复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well She hasnt received the e-mail yet.表语表语n在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语n常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,look
6、,get,grow,keep,turn,become,come,go,remain，etc.The apple tastes sweet.The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.宾语宾语n宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.nHe gave me some boo
7、ks.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语 Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.I didnt know when to switch the machine off.She wondered why Jim was so angry with her.宾语补足语宾语补足语nWe must keep it a secret.nI found the book inte
8、resting.nPlease keep the dog out.nPlease make yourself at home.nShe asked me to lend her a hand.nDo you smell something burning?nShe had an arm broken in the accident.nHe made himself known to them.主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补宾语补足语变成主补.I last saw him playing near the river.He was seen playing ne
9、ar the river.The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam.The student was caught cheating in the exam.We elected him monitor.He was elected monitor.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.定语定语nHe is a clever boy.nHis father works in a steel work.nThere are 54students in our class.nDo
10、 you known Bettys sister?nHe bought some sleeping pills.nThere is a sleeping baby in bed.nHis spoken language is good.nI met a friend on my way home.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)(副词副词)The girl in red is his sister.（介词短语）（介词短语）We have a lot of work to do.（不定式短语）（不定式短语
11、）The girl standing under the tree is his sister.（现在分词短语）（现在分词短语）The bridge built only one year ago is broken.Do you know the man who spoke just now?(从句从句)状语状语n用于修饰形容词用于修饰形容词,副词副词,动词动词,介词短语或介词短语或句子句子.可表示时间可表示时间,地点地点,原因原因,结果结果,目的目的,方方式式,伴随伴随,条件条件,程度程度,让步让步,频率等频率等.nI will be back in a while.nThey are p
12、laying on the playground.nHe was late because he got up late.nHe got up so late that I missed the train.nI waited to see you.nHe often went to school by bus.nHis parents died,leaving him an orphan.nPlease call me if it is necessary.nThis book is very interesting.nHe went to school in spite of his il
13、lness.nHe always comes late to school.基本句型基本句型n主语主语+系动词系动词+表语（主系表）表语（主系表）n主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+其他成分其他成分(主谓主谓)n主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）宾语（主谓宾）n主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语（主谓双宾）直接宾语（主谓双宾）n主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补简单句的五种形式nS+PnI am astonished.nS+VnAlbert Einsteins name never dies.The book sells well.nS+V+OnRaga
14、likes sports,gardening and playing the drums.nS+V+o+OnCan you tell me the way to the station?nS+V+O+CnWe call him a walking dictionary.nHe went.nHe went there.nHe went there yesterday.nHe went there to see his mother yesterday.nHe went there to see his mother ill in hospital by bike yesterday.Exerci
15、ses:分析句子结构分析句子结构nYou are a student.nHe felt happy today.nWhat you said made me happy.nCould you give me some advice on how to learn English well?nAfter he finished his homework,he went away.nHe likes pop music.nI stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once
16、by myself.nAnne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.Time flies fast.There will be a good meal for us at our aunts.The rive rose ten feet in the night.I heard him shout.He bought some sweets for his son.I prefer my coffee hot.Dont worry about me;just take care of yourself
17、.You can rely on him to do anything that is necessary.A lot of noise is going on outside.The little girl can dress herself now.It was a pity that you didnt watch that wonderful match.I felt my heart beat rapidly.Do you want to come to the party?We should do something to help the students in difficul
18、ties.How long have you worked in the hospital?三、自我测试三、自我测试1 1、选择题。、选择题。1.She tried hard,but she still couldnt make us _ our mind.A.to changeB.changedC.changeD.changing2.When the old lady is alone in the house,her dog makes her feel _ and relaxed.A.healthyB.lonelyC.safeD.angry3.As Edison grew _,he ne
19、ver lost his interest in science.A.the elder B.elder C.the older D.older4.Its not polite to stand by and looked at the old man _.A.is made fun of B.being made fun ofC.is made fun D.being made fun5.The old movie reminded them _ the wonderful time they had spent together.A.to B.for C.in D.of6.Id like
20、to _ your essay with you when you have time.A.go over B.go by C.go for D.go after7.The report showed us very clearly how the plane got _ and crashed in the end.A.into control B.within controlC.out of control D.under control8.Most of the machines in the workshop _ next month.A.are repaired B.have bee
21、n repairedC.were repaired D.will be repaired9.When applying for a job,you have to _ a resume.A.get off B.hand inC.put out D.take away10.The wine _ a little bitter this time.A.tastes B.sounds C.looks D.feels11.The boss told his secretary to _ the documents for later use.A.put away B.turn on C.make up
22、 D.break out12.We should _ this in mind:Dont judge a person by his appearance.A.bear B.put C.place D.print13.If I work in a small factory;it is not _ for me to gain much experience.A.weekly B.friendly C.likely D.lively 14.The villagers have offered much help to us and we think we should do something
23、 for them _.A.in return B.in place C.in fashion D.in danger15.According to the time table，the train for Beijing _at 9:10 p.m.from Monday to Friday.A.was leaving B.is leaving C.leaves D.has left16._ is quite difficult for Mary to pass the interview.A.What B.This C.That D.It 17.Mr.Black is looking for
24、ward to _ his Chinese partner soon.A.seeing B.see C.be seeing D.have seen18.I tried hard,but I couldnt find the _ to the problem.A.solution B.help C.reply D.demand19.English,they have to study a second foreign language.A.Except B.Except for C.Beside D.Besides20.She gave up her _ as a reporter at the
25、 age of 25.A.career B.interest C.life D.habit21.This morning when I was walking to my office,I _ to see an old friend of mine near the office building.A.occurred B.happened C.managed D.settled22._ writing a letter to the manager,he decided to talk to him in person.A.Due to B.Because of C.As for D.In
26、stead of 23.It will only take me a minute to get your watch fixed;it will be ready _.A.by the way B.right away C.at last D.in that case24.As far as Im concerned,I dont like _ in that way.A.to be treated B.to treat C.treated D.treating25.Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fi
27、elds find _difficult to succeed in language learning.A.them B.themselves C.it D.itself 26.Only when we hurried to the airport _the flight was cancelled.A.we found B.did we find C.have we found D.we have found27.This novel is worth reading,because it gives a detailed description of the historical _ i
28、n 1949.A.accidents B.cases C.events D.things28._,a friend of Mrs.Black found the watch she had lost two days before.A.Especially B.Usually C.Generally D.Fortunately29.The newspaper _ two people were killed in the accident.A.says B.talks C.calls D.asks30.He said,“I _ a lot of new words by the end of
29、last year.”A.had already learnt B.would have already learntC.have already learnt D.already learnt31.She told us briefly about how they succeeded in _ the new product.A.develop B.to develop C.developed D.developing32.The father was delighted to hear the child _ that.A.to say B.to have said C.say D.sa
30、id 33.Its reported that the police are _ the area for the criminal.A.processing B.searching C.operating D.handling n34.The general manager sat there,_ to the report from each department.A.to listen B.listen C.being listened D.listening n35.The manager showed the new employee _ to find the supplies.A
31、.what B.where C.that D.whichn36.No one has been able to prove that fish is better for the brain than many other kinds of food.A.some B.so C.as D.any37.Mary found _ extremely difficult to pass the examination.A.it B.this C.that D.What38.More and more Chinese people are _ wildlife conservation and env
32、ironmental protection.A.certain of B.concerned about C.capable of D.crazy about39.We now know that about _ all the kinds of seaweed are animals.A.one fourth B.one fourth of C.one four of D.the one fourth40.Scientists could see many things that most people would _ to see.A.feel B.fail C.fall D.fill41
33、.The nurse took _ of my blood to test.A.an example B.an instance C.a case D.a sample42.Large and powerful,the atmosphere consists of an ocean of gases hundreds of miles .A.high B.higher C.highlyD.height43.The sales department was required to _ a plan in three weeks.A.turn up B.get up C.come up with
34、D.put up with 2.用所给动词的正确形式填空：用所给动词的正确形式填空：I wondered why the boy often avoided(talk)_ with his classmates.Although John was not experienced in business,he did it with(confident)_.There was a stranger(stand)_ at the door.The main benefit of(work)_ with the company is the opportunity to travel abroad.
35、It is well-known that sports will(strength)_ the friendship between nations.It was(luck)_indeed for Mr.Fox to have changed his flight and arrived(safe)_.Mark was a little upset,for the manager didnt allow him(take)_ _ his holiday the following week.talkingconfidencestandingworkingstrengthenluckysafe
36、ly to take 2.用所给动词的正确形式填空：用所给动词的正确形式填空：I dont mind(have)_ a dog in the house so long as its clean and it doesnt smell.He wanted the letter(mail)_at once.It is difficult for a(foreign)_ to learn Chinese.On hearing the good news that our new products sold well in the market,we all got _.It will be ver
37、y(help)_ if each member presents his or her own opinion at the meeting.Johns performance in this exam made us feel rather(disappoint)_.If your credit is good,you will be allowed(use)_ the credit card.Give the application to the man(sit)_at the desk,please.havingto be mailedforeignerexcitedhelpfuldis
38、appointedto usesittingJohn went to town yesterday and had his computer(repair)_ there.In 1964,the Olympic Games in Tokyo became the first program _(transmit)_ via satellite.Your hair needs _(cut).It is too long.I have no choice but _(wait).Did you have any difficulty(get)_ a visa to Britain?I asked
39、him not(say)_ anything about our contract until the end of the month.That new film is worth(see)_ for the second time.She is well-known for her excellent(achieve)_ in her career.repairedtransmittedcutting/to be cutto wait(in)gettingto sayseeingachievementsSome people do believe that smoking will(cer
40、tain)_ cause lung cancer.It is never too late for anyone(learn)_.As far as I know,Lily can speak English _(fluently)than any other student in her class.His wife was sure he would arrive on time.This(certain)_ made her rush to prepare the dinner.Yesterday they received a written(invite)_ to a dinner
41、from Mr.Black.The more careful you are,the(well)_ you will be able to complete the work.I wondered why the boy often avoided(talk)_with his classmates.certainlyto learnmore fluentlycertaintyinvitationbettertalkingIm going to take the bus _(save)money.We have to find new ways to(short)_the process of
42、 production.The new flexible working time system will enable the(employ)_ to work more efficiently.The photos of Mars taken by satellites are(clear)_ than those taken from earth.Going abroad to have a holiday will be an(excite)_experience for us.It is quite difficult for me(decide)_ who should be gi
43、ven the job.to saveshortenemployeesclearerexcitingto decideThe secretary is so efficient that his boss thinks(high)_of him.The news was made(know)_ to the public at last.His efforts to improve the sales of this product have been very(help)_.The manager promised(get)_ me a position in his company.He
44、is asked to(short)_ his report to one page.He wont let anyone else(visit)_ his sister.One can jump(high)_ on the moon than on the earth.She was not happy because he had kept her(wait)_ for half an hour.highlyto be knownhelpfulto getshortenvisithigherwaitingSome young people got _(marry)without even
45、telling their parents or other family members.Please remember(lock)_ the door when you leave.The main benefit of(work)_ with the company is the opportunity to travel abroad.To his mothers relief,Tom had perfectly recovered from his(ill)_.When Jenny came to Britain,she had to get used to(drive)_ on the left.marriedto lockworkingillnessdriving
