1、Section B Grammar and usageVocabulary 011.pressureunder pressure 在压力下reduce pressure 减轻压力put sb.under pressure 置某人于压力之下put pressure on sb.给某人施加压力be/come under pressure to do sth.面临做某事的压力air/water/blood pressure 气压/水压/血压the pressures of work 工作压力press vt.按；压；催促，敦促练习：Some people work better _ pressure
2、,so moderate(适度的)pressure may be helpful.under 2.contributecontribute.to.向捐赠；为撰稿contribute to sth/doing sth 造成/促成某事；是的原因之一contribution n.贡献；捐款；投稿make a contribution to(doing)sth 对做出贡献contributor n.投稿人；捐款人；作出贡献者练习：We hope your suggestion will contribute to _(solve)the problem.solving3.memoryin memory
3、 of 纪念from memory 根据记忆beyond ones memory 某人记不得in/within ones memory 在某人记忆中short-term memory 短时记忆memorize v.记住，记忆练习：He founded the charity in memory _ his late wife.of4.attackan attack of.的发作be/become under attack 受到袭击/抨击make an attack on.攻击attacker n.攻击者练习：How will they react when the attackers get
4、_(attack)?attacked5.amounta large/small amount of+不可数名词 大量的/少量的（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式）large/small amounts of+不可数名词 大量的/少量的（作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式）the amount of+不可数名词 的数量（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式）练习：Large amounts of my pocket money _(be)spent buying new books last year.were6.scheduleahead of schedule 提前on schedule 按时间表，准时beh
5、ind schedule 落后于预定计划be scheduled for 预定；安排be scheduled to do sth 预计做某事练习：The train is _ schedule.Youll have to wait another fifteen minutes.behind7.negativefeel/sound negative 感觉/听起来消极become negative 变得消极a negative view 消极的观点a negative image 负面的形象have a negative attitude to/towards 对持消极的态度have a neg
6、ative effect on 对有不良影响练习：This actually reflected that the man held a negative attitude _ life.to/towardsLeading in02waking upenough sleeppressurelight pollutionconcentratingoverweightslows downsuffers.atimewhenyouhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnightsrest?Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoo
7、dnightssleepnightisthetimewhentheirbodiesgrowfaster.experiencesituationswherebodydevelopmentslowsdownThe relative adverb where refers to a place,the relative adverb when refers to(1),and the relative adverb why refers to(2)_.In more formal English,the relative adverbs where,when and why can be repla
8、ced by preposition+(3).timea reasonwhichGrammar 03定语从句也可以由关系副词（relative adverbs）when，where，why引导，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。when引导定语从句的用法引导定语从句的用法01（1）当先行词是表示时间的名词（如time，moment，day，year，month，week，period等），且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。（2）when可以换成介词+which。Winter is the time of year when(=in which)the day is short w
9、hile the night is long.冬天是一年中昼短夜长的时候。She is looking forward to the day when(=on which)her daughter wins a gold medal at the Olympics.她盼望着她的女儿在奥运会上赢得金牌的那一天。注意：当先行词是表示时间的名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that 或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导。Do you still
10、remember the days(that/which)we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？（that 或which 作spent 的宾语）Do you still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）where引导定语从句的用法引导定语从句的用法02（1）当先行词是表示具体地点的名词（如place，room，mountain，airport等）或表示抽象地点的名词（如case，stat
11、e，condition，point，situation等），且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。The school where his sister works is a key middle school in Jiangsu Province.他姐姐工作的那所学校是江苏省的一所重点中学。We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们已经到了需要做出改变的地步。He gets into a situation where it is hard to tell what is right or wrong.他陷入一种
12、难以判断对错的境地。（2）where可以换成介词+which。This is the hotel where(=in which)they stayed.这就是他们待过的那个旅馆。注意：当先行词为表示地点的名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that 或which 引导定语从句。His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.他的父亲在一家制造收音机零件的工厂里工作。辨析：比较where引导的定语从句和状语从句where引导定语从句时，为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，wher
13、e可以换成“介词+which”结构。where引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。Is there a shop around where(=in which)we can buy some fruit?附近有没有一个商店可以让我们在里面买些水果？where引导状语从句时，为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，where不能换成“介词+which”结构。where 引导的地点状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。Where there is a will,there is a way.（谚）有志者，事竟成。We
14、 should go where we are needed.我们应该到需要我们的地方去。why引导定语从句的用法引导定语从句的用法03（1）当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。（2）why 可以用for which 来代替。This is the reason why(=for which)he left in a hurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。注意：若先行词为reason，且关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。The reason that he told
15、 me yesterday is a lie.昨天他告诉我的理由是个谎言。Exercise 041.When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.2.The town _ we visited last month is the one _ the famous painter was born.3.Tony will never forget those days _ he lived in China with his mother,which has a great effect on his lif
16、e.4.The reason _ he was late was that something was wrong with his bike on the way.wherewhich/thatwherewhenwhy5.Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?6.He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.7.Its helpful to put children in a si
17、tuation _ they can see themselves differently.8.It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.that/whichwherewherewhen I did not perform well at school last week.The reason was my poor-quality sleep.Those were the days.I used to sleep really well in tho
18、se days.The reason why I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.The reason for which I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.Those were the days when I used to sleep really well.Those were the days in which I used to sleep really well.The hosp
19、ital is near my home.I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital.I still remember that afternoon.That afternoon I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.The hospital where I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.The hospital in which I visited a doc
20、tor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.I still remember that afternoon when I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.I still remember that afternoon in which I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.(that/which)when/at whichwhere/in whichwhich/thatwhy/for which1.What does stick to your sleep schedule mean?2.Why shouldnt we drink coffee or tea before bedtime?Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day.Because drinks like coffee or tea will keep us from sleeping.Thank you
