1、Grammar and usage Non-restrictive relative clauses关系代词：that,who,whom,which,whose关系副词:where,when,why主语：1.先行词是人宾语：2.先行词是物主语：宾语：3.先行词人/物定语:Who/thatWho/that/whom/省略Which/thatWhich/that/省略WhoseCompare the two sentences.Compare the two sentences.1)In the ten provinces and three territories which make up C
2、anada,there is a great diversity in geography.2)To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains,which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.a restrictive relative clause a restrictive relative clause a non-restrictive relative a non-restrictive relative clau
3、se clause Compare the following sentences.1)He has two sisters who work in the same company.2)He has two sisters,who work in the same company.Working out the rulesWorking out the rulesPerhaps he has more than two sisters.He has only two sisters.1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语的定语,如果去掉如果去掉
4、,主句的意思就不完整或主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。失去意义。2.非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,不用不用that引导。引导。Read the article on page 6 and answer the following question.What are the advantages and disadvantages of tourism?Read and comp
5、lete the table.AdvantagesTourism allows _,thus giving _,and bringing _.DisadvantagesTourist destinations may be at risk _ and_,with wildlife habitats _ and the local culture receiving _.service industries to grow consistently jobs to the local population more wealth to the surrounding community cult
6、urally suffering insufficient respect physically(不足的；不充分的不足的；不充分的)1.社区的命脉社区的命脉 2.服务行业服务行业 3.持续增长持续增长 4.依次，轮流；反过来依次，轮流；反过来 5.旅游必需品旅游必需品6.繁荣繁荣/蓬勃发展蓬勃发展的的商商业业 7.称心如意的境遇称心如意的境遇 8.旅游景点旅游景点 Useful Expressionsthe lifeblood of the communitiesservice industriesgrow consistentlyin turnbooming business a bed o
7、f rosestourist attractionstourist essentials9.和谐相处和谐相处 10.野生野生生生物栖息地物栖息地 11.土地的土地的物理特征物理特征 12.处于危险中处于危险中 13.使使.受到伤害受到伤害 14.导致导致失去对失去对.的尊重的尊重 15.旨在旨在.16.未来许多代人未来许多代人 Useful Expressionswildlife habitatsphysical characteristics of the landat riskput.in harms wayresult in the loss of respect for.aim tom
8、any future generationslive in harmony(with)Find the sentences with non-restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box of part A on page 6.These industries,in turn,give jobs to the local population,whose welfare depends on tourism.1)These industries,in turn,give jobs to the local pop
9、ulation,whose welfare depends on tourism.2)The prices of tourist essentials such as transport,accommodation and food usually increase too,which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.3)More nature-centred tourist attractions,where man and nature live in harmony,can be greatly impacted
10、or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.4)As resources are used more rapidly than they can be sustained,wildlife habitats are likely to suffer,which could endanger the local plants and animals.5)Local festivals and customs,which may have deep meaning in a particular culture,can simply become ente
11、rtainment for tourists.Rule 1:We often use a non-restrictive relative clause to add _ information to the antecedent(a noun,pronoun or noun phrase)in the main clause or the main clause.A _ is usually used to separate the adding clause and the main clause.extracomma1)This is the house which I bought l
12、ast year.2)This house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.这就是我去年买的房子。这就是我去年买的房子。我去年买的我去年买的这个房子有着一个漂亮的花园。这个房子有着一个漂亮的花园。Working out the Working out the rulesrules1)These industries,in turn,give jobs to the local population,whose welfare depends on tourism.2)The prices of tourist essential
13、s such as transport,accommodation and food usually increase too,which brings even more wealth to the surrounding community.3)More nature-centred tourist attractions,where man and nature live in harmony,can be greatly impacted or even destroyed by the flood of tourists.4)As resources are used more ra
14、pidly than they can be sustained,wildlife habitats are likely to suffer,which could endanger the local plants and animals.5)Local festivals and customs,which may have deep meaning in a particular culture,can simply become entertainment for tourists.Exploring the Exploring the rulesrulesRule 2:We usu
15、ally introduce a non-restrictive relative clause with a relative pronoun like who,whom,which and whose or a relative adverb like when and where.The relative pronoun and adverb _(can/cannot)be left out in a non-restrictive relative clause.Working out the Working out the rulesrules1)I live in Nanjing,
16、_is a big city.2)I like my English teacher,_ speaks good English.3)I visit my grandparents at the weekend,_ I do not go to school.cannotwhichwhowhenRule 3:We can put some/half/many/most/all of before relative pronouns _ and _.1.Many people,some of _ are not overweight,are going on a diet.2.I have be
17、en to many big cities,all of _ have left a deep impression on me.3.I have invited more than one hundred friends to the party,_(他们中的大部分他们中的大部分)are from abroad.4.I earn only 1,000 dollars a month,_(其中一半其中一半)is spent on my car.whomwhichmost of whomhalf of whichwhomwhichWorking out the Working out the r
18、ulesrulesRule 4:We can use _(which/who/where)in a non-restrictive relative clause to refer to the main clause as a whole.1)He missed the show,which was a pity.2)John told me he would join the Poetry Club,_ surprised me greatly.3)The boy was away from home for a week,_ _(这使他父母很担心这使他父母很担心).4)The fire
19、lasted for a whole night,_ _(这造成了极大的破坏这造成了极大的破坏).whichwhichwhich worriedwhich caused great Working out the Working out the rulesrulesdamagehis parents very muchRule 5:We can use _ in a non-restrictive relative clause to refer to the main clause as a whole and the non-restrictive relative clause can
20、be placed before,among or after the main clause.1)_ is known to all,the Moon travels around the Earth.2)The book is very interesting,_(正如正如)most readers say.asasAsWorking out the Working out the rulesrulesas 引导非限制性定语从句 常用结构有：常用结构有：such/the same.as；as we all know；as is(well)known to all；as can be see
21、n;as has been said before,as was mentioned above;as is often the case（这是常有的事情）（这是常有的事情）1._ we all know,the 29th Olympic Games is a great success.2._ is often the case,he made me annnoyed.AsAsApplying the rulesApplying the rulesMy parents went on a tour of Japan with 20 people,some of whom had never
22、been abroad before.My favorite place to visit is a little village near Shanghai,where my grandma was born.Dr Luo,who is an expert in Chinese history,will give us a tour of Beijing.Id rather visit Europe in summer,when the weather is at its best.Im reading a guidebook to Rome,which is really fascinat
23、ing and helpful.c ca ad db bApplying the rulesApplying the rulesApplying the rulesApplying the rulesB3 In pairs,discuss more ways to be a sustainable tourist,using non-restrictive relative clauses.When you travel,never buy wildlife products,which are made from animal skins or other animal parts.Exam
24、ple Example l When you travel,youd better buy souvenirs from the local people,who may make a living by selling handmade items.l When you travel,say no to plastic products,which reduces your carbon footprint.l When you travel,help the local children in the right way in some developing countries,where
25、 your kind giving often makes a difference.Ways to be a sustainable tourist Ways to be a sustainable tourist 1.She was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,_ madethe others unhappy.A.which B.who C.this D.what2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _
26、he grew up as a child.A.which B.when C.that D.whereA D 练一练练一练3.The old man has two sons,_ is a soldier.A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom D.none of them4.New York is famous for its sky-scrapers (摩天大楼摩天大楼),_ has more than 100 storeys.A.the higher of them B.the highest of which C.the highest o
27、f them D.some of whichA B 5.My home village is no longer the same _ it used to be.A.which B.as C.where D.when6.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_ many people have gone home.A.whose time B.that C.at which D.by which timeB D 7.The boy _ composition won the first prize is t
28、he youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that D.which8.The weather turned out to be very good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.itB B 9.Mr.Wang is a boss,_ factory Li Ping worked.A.in whose B.whose C.in whom D.of which10.I dont like the way _ you speak to her.A./B.that C.in whi
29、ch D.All A,B,and CA D 11.I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a good effect on my life.A.that,which B.when,which C.which,that D.when,who12._ is known to all,China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A.What B.That C.As D.ItB C 13.I
30、s this book _ you want to borrow from the library?A.that B.which C.the one D./14.Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understand.A.that B.which C.as D.likeC C 15.Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing,_ my old parents live.A.which B.that C.where D.there16.If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop.A.that B.which C.when D.whereC D
