1、PHE Knowledge板式换热器宁宁 标标 19/12/2007Slide 2Topics to cover 目录PHE main components and function 板式换热器主要组成部分和功能Plates 板片Gaskets 胶垫Frames 框架Technological benefits 技术优势Manufactory in China 中国组装工中国组装工厂厂Alfa Laval 40%Tranter&SWEP 13%GEA 11%APV Systems 10%Hisaka 5%Sondex 4%API Schmidt-Bretten 3%Others 14%Comp
2、act HE Market(1350 M)紧凑型换热器市场份额540 M170 M150 M130 M70 M60 M40 M190 MHeat Exchanger Market换热器市场份额Cooling Towers 15%冷却塔Compact HEs 15%紧凑型Air Products 13%空气换热装置Others 12%其他类型Shell&Tube 45%列管式4000 M1350 M1350 M1200 M1100 MTotal HE Market(9000 M)整个换热器市场份额Most common applicationsESEBiotech生物技术Pharmaceutic
3、al制药Solvent Recovery溶剂回收Pasteurization巴氏杀菌EvaporationCondensation蒸发冷凝CIPWater SystemWFI/PW/RO/SO/DIHeating&Cooling加热冷却Beverage饮料Dairy乳品 A L PHE rangeSlide 7Alfa Laval Heat ExchangersAlfa Laval 换热器“ESE heat exchangers”卫生领域常用换热器Gasketed 胶垫式Single wall单板式Double-wall焊接双板式Gemini 非焊接双板式Semi-welded半焊式Tubul
4、ar管式Shell&Tube列管式Tube-in-Tube管套管式Brazed钎焊式Copper Brazed铜焊式Fusion Bonded熔焊式“Alfa Laval Other Heat Exchangers”其他类型的换热器SpiralCompablockConthermAlfaRexAlfaVapAlfaCond(Air products)Alfa Lavals Historical Base Alfa Laval 公司发展历程187819311917The continuousmilk separatordeveloped byGustaf de LavalGustaf de La
5、val发明牛奶连续分离机Plate heat exchangersdeveloped to improve pasteurisation process板式换热器的发明改进了巴氏杀菌工艺The first vacuum-operated milking Machine第一个真空吸奶机PHE main components板式换热器主要组成部分和功能carrying bar导杆pressurePlate压力板plate with gasket板片和胶垫tightening bolts收紧螺栓frame plate框架板PHE-flow principle板式换热器:交换原理Click on an
6、imation to play againPlate-corrugation function板片:波纹的作用Mechanical 机械方面 Provide support points 形成支撑点 Allows thin material 提高强度,使板片更薄Flow dynamic 流体力学 Creates high turbulence 加大流体湍流 High efficiency 提高换热效率 Minimize fouling 避免堵塞 Cork-screw flow 螺旋流动12接触点Heat Transferred in a HE板式换热器的热交换原理The temperature
7、 profile at one point of the plate wall 板片壁面上任一点的温度剖面图板厚流动方向 T1,热侧温度T2,Bulk temperature on cold side热侧 流动方向 冷测总的热量的传递(Q)由两边的温差推动T4More turbulence湍流越厉害 Thinner laminar film层流层越薄 Less temperature drop更小的温度损失 Better Heat Transfer更好的热传递T3Plate-corrugation and channels板片:波纹和通道L:Low thetaL:小夹角 H:High thet
8、a H:大夹角Two plate corrugations(L and H)不同的波纹(L and H)L+L=L channelsL+L=L 通道L+H=M channels L+H=M 通道H+H=H channels H+H=H 通道These form three different channels(L,M and H)不同的流道(L,M and H)Plate-parallel flow板片:平行流Plate-parallel flow板片:平行流Parallel flow advantages平行流的优点One plate&one gasket只须一种板片和胶垫 Identica
9、l plates in the plate pack 用同样的板片组成整套板片组 Rotated 180 to achieve both sides转动180度就可以是下一张板片Less spares required更小的维修保养空间Fully supported diagonal板片之间更好地支撑Higher design pressure or thinner plate material可以达到更高的设计压力和使用更薄的板片No crossing of nozzles板孔不会磨损180Parallel flow configuration is achieved through the
10、 chocolate pattern平行流是通过阿法拉伐专利技术巧克力壮分流区来达到更好的传热效果的Plate-distribution area板片:分流区Chocolate pattern 巧克力壮分流区Distributes flow evenly over the plate 均匀地分配流体 Same P for distance A and B A 段和 B段同样的压差 P Uses a minimum of P for distribution 流体经过分流区压力损失最少 Gives more P for efficient heat transfer 使更多的压力降用来推动更高的
11、湍流 Allows parallel flow configuration 使平行流成为现实 Alfa Laval innovation Alfa Laval 的创新和专利AB Avoids dead-spots in the far corner 避免在远区产生死角 Full use of heat transfer area 充分利用板片的换热面积 No fouling in stagnant zones 不会在死角处形成沉积物的堆积进而对板片腐蚀Plate materials板片材料Standard materials and thicknesses 标准材料及厚度 AISI 304(s
12、tainless steel)304不锈钢 Usually 0.4 or 0.5 mm thickness 通常厚度为0.4或0.5mm Cheapest possible solution 最为便宜 AISI 316(stainless steel)316不锈钢 Always 0.5 and 0.6 mm 通常厚度为0.5或0.6mm Some with thicker plates(high-pressure applications)高压工况时厚度较厚 254 SMO(high-alloy stainless steel)合金SMO 254 Usually in 0.6 mm to al
13、low stock-keeping 通常库存都是0.6mm厚度 Titanium 钛板 Always 0.5 and 0.6 mm 通常是0.5或0.6mm Some with thicker plates(high-pressure applications)高压工况时厚度较厚 Some PHEs with 0.4 mm(low-pressure applications)有些低压工况时板片厚度0.4mm Alloy C-276(Nickel alloy)合金C-276（镍基合金）Usually in 0.6 mm to allow stock-keeping 通常的库存都是0.6mm厚度1
14、00%115%250%300%600%RelativePrice相对价格Plate materials板片材料Standard materials and typical uses 标准材料及其典型应用 AISI 304 304不锈钢 Typically in clean water-water duties 干净的水水工况 Example,up to 50 ppm chlorides at 50C 50C下50ppm的氯离子浓度 AISI 316 316不锈钢 Typically in water-water duties 普通的水水工况 Example,up to 250 ppm chlo
15、rides at 50C 50C下250ppm的氯离子浓度 254 SMO(high-alloy stainless steel)254 SMO不锈钢 Many uses including high-chloride water-water duties 多数应用在氯离子浓度较高的水水工况中 Example,up to 6000 ppm chlorides at 50C 50C下6000ppm的氯离子浓度 Titanium 钛板 Most frequent use is for sea water(3.5%chlorides)海水中换热工况（3.5%氯离子）Example,up to 130
16、C in sea water 130C下海水工况 Alloy C-276(Nickel alloy)镍基合金C-276 Most frequent use is for concentrated sulphuric acid up to 90C通常应用在90C下高浓度的硫酸Plate materials 板片材料Common exotic materials 稀有金属材料 Not always in stock 通常不做库存 Check with Supply Unit before quoting and confirm before order 报价和订单前务必和工厂联系确认 904L i
17、s an alternative to 254 SMO in some applications 某些工况下904L可以替代254SMO Nickel 200/201 is mainly for sodium hydroxide production 氢氧化钠工业生产中经常用到镍合金200/201 Titanium Palladium 钛钯合金 For sea water at high temperature(130C)海水中温度大于130C For high concentrated chloride brines at high temperature 高温高浓的氯离子溶液 Alloy
18、G-30 is used in the sulphuric acid application(scrubber)G-30应用在硫酸工业中 Alloy D-205 is exclusively for concentrated sulphuric acid 90C D205高浓硫酸中温度高于90CMany more are used less frequently on a case-by-case basis 具体问题具体对待Plate material 板片材料How to know which plate material to use?如何知晓材料的选择 Application Manu
19、al 应用手册 Contact the Market Segment 和市场部联系 Testing with small test-pieces in the customers process 对客户样品进行测试Gasket-advanced sealing system胶垫:先进的防泄漏功能Long lasting gaskets!更长使用寿命的胶垫!.or glue-free gasket that do not mix sealing and fastening function双组分环氧胶或免粘胶卡扣式胶垫Two component oven-cured epoxy glue“Roo
20、f-top”gasket profile“屋顶形”结构的胶垫Supporting and protecting gasket Groove 胶垫的支撑和保护凹槽Gasket material from certified Suppliers由全球经认证的供货商提供高质量的原材料Homogeneous rubber gasket made in one piece均一的橡胶成分Gasket-profile and groove 胶垫:形状和凹槽ProfileCompetitor 其他厂家Alfa LavalGrooveHigher sealing pressure 屋顶性结构产生更大的密封压力R
21、isk of leakage.泄漏的风险Full support to gasket 凹槽全面保护胶垫防止被高压吹出Openings.Risk of gasket blow-out.被高压吹出的风险 The difference is life time and reliability两者的不同就是使用的寿命和可靠性Gasket-glue free fastening胶垫:免粘胶卡扣式胶垫Fastening and sealing are kept separate 密封和固定功能分开If the one of the fastener breaks,the gasket still stay
22、s sealed固定功能失效并不影响胶垫的密封功能Clip-on卡扣Snap-on嵌入Sealing 密封Fastening 固定Gasket-glued fastening胶垫胶粘式紧固Alfa Laval uses 2-component oven cured epoxy glue Alfa Laval 使用双组分烤化的环氧胶Average gasket lifetime in years for the same application,opened once a year 相同工况下一年打开一次，胶垫的平均寿命Rubber glue普通的胶粘Years 年Rubber glueoven
23、 cured 带胶粘的烤化胶2-componentepoxy glue,oven cured双组分环氧烤化胶510Alfa LavalCompetitors 其他厂家Gasket-glued versus glue-free 胶垫胶粘和非胶粘Should be the choice of the customer 以客户为导向.BUT glued is preferred:但是在以下几种情况下建议胶粘On large plates 大型号When units are opened frequently 经常拆洗On high pressure duties 高压负荷When the gaske
24、t will be swelling due to chemical attack 物料对胶垫略有溶涨Gasket materials 胶垫材料The choice of rubber material depends on 胶垫材料的选择需要考虑以下几个方面 Fluids-chemical attack or not 流体是否和胶垫间有化学腐蚀 The combination of temperature and pressure 操作温度和压力Rubber materials change properties due to 胶垫发生性质改变 Time-the rubber relaxes
25、 时间胶垫的 Temperature-the rubber deteriorates 温度胶垫的老化 Hardening by attack of oxidising agents(e.g.,oxygen in air)氧化剂致使的胶垫脆化 Swelling or softening by absorption of chemicals in the fluids 溶涨和软化Common gasket types 常见的几种型号 Nitrile 丁腈橡胶 EPDM 三元乙丙橡胶 FKM 氟橡胶Frame-M15 and larger 框架-M15 或更大Carrying bar in alum
26、inium or painted carbon steel 上导杆材质为铝或碳钢Support column in aluminium or painted carbon steel 支架为铝或者碳钢Guiding bar in stainless steel 下导杆为不锈钢材质Carrying bars上导杆Support columns 支架Guiding bars 下导杆29Frame-M15 and larger 框架-M15 或更大Roller on pressure plate to allow easy opening and closing带动压紧板的移动，更加容易地打开和关闭
27、板式换热器 30Frame-painting systems框架:喷涂工艺Standard 标准Sandblasting 喷砂Primer-2 part epoxy 底漆Finish-2 part epoxy 面漆90-135 microns 90-135 mmSpecial 特殊Sandblasting 喷砂Primer-zinc rich epoxy 含锌底漆2 coatings-iron oxide epoxy 两层氧化铁环氧漆Finish-2 part polyurethane聚亚安酯面漆 240-315 microns 240-315mmChoice of colours 选择油漆C
28、hoice of tested paint systems 测试,定出工艺的厚度Examples,Specifically developed for PHE 对板式换热器尤其重要 Too thick Paint is crushed behind end-plates 太厚 油漆会被板片挤坏=导致框架腐蚀!Too thin Inadequate protection 太薄 得不到保护=同样导致腐蚀!Alfa Laval system balances hardness&thickness Alfa Laval 很好地平衡二者的关系Unique 5-point alignment system
29、 全球独一无二的五点定位系统 Provides exact positioning of the plates horizontally and vertically 为板片的拆装提供水平和垂直精准 的定位 Ensures good sealing throughout the plate pack 确保整套板片良好的密封 Carrying bar上导杆Guiding bar下导杆PlateFrame-M15 and larger框架:定位系统32Frame-M15 and larger 框架-M15及以上型号Tightening bolts to allow easy opening轻松地拆
30、装 Bolt head 螺栓头 Bearing box轴承 Plastic cover塑胶保护套 Lock washer止推垫片 Nut螺母 Rolled thread 螺纹33Bolt head fixated固定的螺栓头Does not loosen when opening开启时不会松脱Lock washer止推垫片Prevents bolt to fall out during tightening and opening防止收紧时掉下Frame-M15 and larger框架-M15及以上型号Tilted bolt opening螺栓侧取式Prevents bolts to fal
31、l out when loose防止拆装时掉下Tightening bolts to allow easy opening更容易地收紧和拆开Frame-M15 and larger 框架M15及以上型号One man can open and close a large PHE using standard tools使用标准的工具,一个人可以轻松拆装一台板式换热器Serviceability维护方便Less downtime缩短停机时间Safety更加安全Longer lifetime更长的使用寿命Smaller units requires less features 小型号在设计上的独特
32、点相对较少Smaller means easier to handle 型号小意味着操作简单Cost efficiency important 成本因素Frame-M10 and smaller M10及以下型号Appropriate bolting system 合适的螺栓连接系统 Less tightening forces required 需要较小的力 Tilted bolt opening螺栓侧取式 Wearing washer in plastic塑料防护套 Lock washer 止推垫片 Fixated bolt head固定的螺栓头Frame-connections and
33、linings框架接口和内衬Studbolts around the connection 接口周围螺栓Connection pipes are bolted to the PHE 接管通过螺栓连接到板式换热器Three different types of linings 三种不同的内衬Unlined 无内衬Cheapest possible 最便宜Clean water duties干净水质的工况Rubber lining橡胶内衬Low cost 成本较低Limited in temperature 耐受温度受到影响NBR and EPDM 丁腈和三元乙丙橡胶Metal lining金属内
34、衬More expensive 价格较贵Industrial use工业用Same as plate material 和板片材质相同For safe and easy lifting of the unit in manufacturing and at site使得板换在生产和操作车间的安装安全简易On all units except M3 除M3以外所有型号均配有Frame-lifting holes 框架起吊孔38Frame-pressure vessel codes框架压力容器等级All PHEs available as standard with 所有的型号的板式换热器都有：P
35、ED 欧洲标准 DIN and ANSI connection standard 接口标准DIN和ANSI ASME 美国标准 Always ANSI connections standard 接口标准ANSICustomer benefits 客户获益Feature 特点特点Advantage 优点优点Benefits 好处好处Cost savings 成本节约成本节约Single step plate pressing一次性压制成型Greater uniformityMinimum physical stress应力最小.Secure constant gasket groove.保护胶垫
36、槽同一性Thermal efficiencyStronger and thinner plates.提高传热性能Long gasket life time.较长的胶垫使用寿命OperationalCapital操作成本Maintenance维护成本Distribution area(chocolate pattern)巧克力分布区No dead spots.消除死点Optimal use of plate area.优化使用板片面积Minimal fouling and corrosion.减小结垢腐蚀Superior heat transfer.提高传热效率MaintenanceCapita
37、l维护成本Herringbone pattern人字波结构Increased turbulence.增强湍流Many contact points.形成接触点Efficient heat transfer and less fouling.较高的传热性能减小结垢Stronger and thinner material.提高强度,使板片更薄High design pressure.较高的工作高压MaintenanceOperationalCapital操作成本，维护成本Plates pressed all the way to the edge整个板片一次压制切割而成Correct align
38、ment of plates.板片准确定位No leakage.无泄漏Easy to assemble.方便组装Maintenance维护成本Reinforced upper and lower hangar上，下悬挂区强化Easy sliding of plates方便板片滑动Longer life time.提高使用寿命Easy opening and closing of plate pack.方便拆装Maintenance维护成本Customer benefits 客户获益Feature 特点特点Advantage 优点优点Benefit 好处好处Cost savings 成本节约成本
39、节约Roof-top gasket屋顶形胶垫Best sealing capability最好的密封效果Minimized risk for leakage把泄漏危险降至最低Maintenance维护成本Continuous gasket groove.连续的胶垫槽Protects against gasket blow outs.Higher pressure ratings高压时防止胶垫吹出Longer gasket life time.Minimum of unexpected shut downs延长胶垫使用寿命，减小停机Maintenance维护成本Advanced gasket d
40、esign with slit opening领先的泄漏腔设计Immediate external leak detection泄漏发生可在外部检测到High safety高安全性Operation and maintenance操作和维护成本Superior gasket component mix 胶垫配方Best sealing capability最佳的密封性能Longer gasket life time.Minimum of unexpected shut downs延长胶垫使用寿命，减小停机Maintenance维护成本Gasket moulded in one piece胶垫一
41、次成型No weak vulcanized gasket links不会有被硫化胶垫High gasket reliability较高的胶垫性能Maintenance维护成本Clip on gasket咔筘胶垫Easy gasket replacement 方便胶垫的更换Reduced down time减少停机时间Maintenance维护成本2-component oven cured epoxy glue双组分烤化胶Superior gasket bonds高粘贴性能Highest quality and strongest seal高质量的密封性能Operation and maint
42、enance操作和维护成本Alfa Laval Competitive edge阿法拉伐最具竞争力优势Feature 特点特点Advantage 优点优点Benefit好处好处Cost savings成本节约成本节约Bearing boxes and lock washers on tightening 轴承盒和止推垫片Reduced friction减小摩擦Bolt kept still while opening拆开时防止螺栓掉下No special tools needed.One person can easily open and close PHE.无需特殊工具，一个人可以轻松拆装
43、一台板式换热器Maintenance维护成本Five point guiding system五点定位系统Proper gasket/plate alignment and easy sliding板片和 胶垫准确定位No risk for leakage.防止泄漏Longer gasket lifetime.延长胶垫使用寿命Easy open and close.方便拆装Maintenance维护成本2-component oven cured epoxy glue双组分环氧烤化胶Superior gasket bonds超强粘贴胶垫能力Highest quality and stronge
44、st seal 高质量，高密封性能Operation and maintenance操作成本Plates pressed all the way to the edge整张板片一次压制成型Correct alignment of plates.板片精确定位No leakage.无泄漏Easy to assemble.方便组装Maintenance维护成本Reinforced upper and lower hangar上下悬挂区的强化Easy sliding of plates方便板片的滑动Longer life time.提高使用寿命Easy opening and closing of plate pack.方便拆装Maintenance维护成本
