1、devote vt.把把献献(给给);把把专用于专用于;专心于专心于devote A to B 把A用于/献身B;为B付出Adevote oneself to(doing)sth.致力/献身/专心于be devoted to(doing)sth.致力/献身/专心于devoted adj.深爱的；忠诚的深爱的；忠诚的devotion n.奉献奉献;忠诚忠诚;专心专心1)The bands latest album is very poor,although _(devote)fans might enjoy it.2)Her _(devote)to the job left her with v
2、ery little free time.3)He continued to work there for almost 50 years,_(把他的一生奉献给了国家).4)The scientist devoted himself to _(observe)the behavior of the chimps.5)_(devote)to scientific research wholeheartedly,he spends little time with his family.6)袁隆平一生致力于杂交水稻的研究，赢得了全人类的尊敬与爱戴。(非谓语)Devoted to studying
3、the hybrid rice,Yuan Longping earned the respect and love of all humans.Devoting himself to studying the hybrid rice,Yuan Longping earned the respect and love of all humans.devoteddevotionDevotedobservingdevoting his whole life to his country1)粮食/资金短缺 the food/fund shortage 2)A shortage of water pos
4、es a serious threat to the farmers.3)由于缺乏廉价的住房，很多人不得不离开这个城市。Due to the lack/shortage of cheap housing,numerous people have to leave the city.shortage n.C&U不足不足;缺少缺少;短缺短缺a shortage of 缺乏.short adj.短的短的;矮的矮的;缺乏的缺乏的be short of 缺乏shorten vt.缩短；减少缩短；减少 tackle vt.解决解决(难题难题)/应付应付(局面局面)/处理处理 与与.商谈商谈/交涉交涉1)S
5、he has spent a lot of time scratching her head about how to tackle the difficult math problem.crisis krass n.C 危机危机;危急关头危急关头crises krasi:z 复数复数1)解决政治/经济危机 tackle a political/economic crisis2)The financial crisis left many people unemployed,which couldnt be tackled by economic experts.yield n.C产量产量;产
6、出产出 vt.出产出产(作物作物);产生产生(收益、效益等收益、效益等)vi.屈服屈服;让步让步 1)His investments yielded good returns.2)The soldiers had to yield.3)提高产量boost yields 4)结出硕果yield fruits 同义词：同义词：give way to.让步让步/屈服屈服;让路让路 give in 让步让步/屈服屈服boost vt.使增长使增长;使兴旺使兴旺&n.C增长增长;提高提高;激励激励同义词：同义词：increase/rise v.增加增加 improve/promote v.促进促进1)增
7、加出口/提高利润/增长自信 boost exports/profits/confidence2)Winning the competition was a wonderful boost for his confidence.convince vt.使相信使相信;使确信使确信;说服说服convince sb to do.说服某人做什么convince sb of sth./that.使某人相信某事be convinced of sth./that 相信某事convinced adj.坚信坚信;深信深信;确信确信convincing adj.令人信服的令人信服的;有说服力的有说服力的1)Infl
8、uenced by advertisement,its very easy for customers _(convince)to buy what they dont want.2)This is the most _(convince)evidence that I can find to prove my point.3)Her arguments _(没有说服每个人立即行动起来),but changes were made.4)He tried to convince me _ his innocence.5)_(convince)of the truth of the report,
9、he told his colleagues about it.6)Only by presenting the fact and reasoning things out,_(才能让人信服).to be convincedconvincingConvincedcan we convince peopledidnt convince everyone to act immediatelyof characteristic n.C特征特征;&adj.典型的典型的;独特的独特的character n.C角色角色；品质品质；文字文字 The former president is always sp
10、eaking with a characteristic way.人的性格人或事物的特征、特点attain vt.(通常经过努力通常经过努力)获得获得;得到得到;达到达到(某年龄某年龄/水平水平/状况状况)attainable adj.可到达的可到达的;可得到的可得到的;可实现的可实现的attainment n.达到达到;成就成就;才能才能;达到达到同义词：同义词：get/gain/obtain/acquire/achieve1)He set himself a high goal that he would earn 100 million yuan and spared no effort
11、 _ it.Do you think it is an _ goal?(attain)2)不论别人说什么，只要你不放弃，就一定能实现你的目标。No matter what others say,you can attain your goal as long as you never give up.to attainattainablepollinate vt.授粉授粉;传粉传粉1)flowers pollinated by bees2)self-pollinating plants convention n.习俗，惯例习俗，惯例;（艺术等）传统风格（艺术等）传统风格conventional
12、 adj.传统的传统的;守旧的守旧的;习惯的习惯的conventionally adv.按照惯例，照常套，照老例按照惯例，照常套，照老例同义词同义词:traditional adj.传统的传统的;习俗的习俗的;守旧的守旧的assumption n.C假定假定/设定设定;(责任的责任的)承担承担;make an assumption 作假设；认为on the assumption that.假设assume v.假设假设;获得获得;承担承担assume A to be B 假设/认为A是BIt is assumed that.人们认为assuming conj.假设假设1)承担责任assume
13、responsibility 2)装出关心的样子/表情assume an air/expression of concern3)People tend to make _(assume)about you based on your appearance at your first meeting.4)His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal.他的观点建立在所有人平等的基础上。5)No one assumed her to be innocent.6)It _(assume)that stress is
14、 caused by too much work.7)_(assume)(that)the work will be finished ahead of time,what should we do next？assumptionsAssumingis assumedintense adj.热切的热切的;十分强烈的十分强烈的;激烈的激烈的 be intense about 对热心/情/衷intensely adv.强烈地强烈地;极度极度;剧烈地剧烈地intensity n.强烈，剧烈；强度，烈度强烈，剧烈；强度，烈度1)酷热/剧痛intense heat/pain2)竞争激烈intense c
15、ompetition3)Hes very intense about everything about nature.overcome vt.克服克服;解决解决;战胜战胜；受到极大影响；受到极大影响be overcome with/by.为所压倒/制服1)克服焦虑overcome anxiety2)She was overcome with great sadness.As a consequence,she could not say a single word.(overcame-overcome)overcome a barrier同义词：同义词：get overexpand v.扩大扩
16、大;增加增加;扩展扩展;发展发展(业务业务)expansion n.扩张扩张;扩展扩展;扩大扩大;膨胀膨胀 1)开阔视野expand/broaden ones view2)扩宽.的知识面expand/broaden knowldge of.output n.产量产量;输出输出;输出量输出量&vt.输出输出 扩大产量expand the outputinput n.输入输入;投入投入&v.输入输入(output-output;outputting)(inputted/input-inputted/input;inputting)export n.&v.出口出口import n.&v.进口进口es
17、timate vt./n.估计估计;估价估价;估算估算It is estimated that.据估计estimate sth.at.估价为.estimate sth.to be.估计underestimate vt.低估低估;看轻看轻overestimate vt.对对估计过高估计过高 1)准确/官方的估计an accurate/official estimate2)It is estimated that 100 celebrities will participate in the party tomorrow.同义词：同义词：evaluate/assessdomestic adj.本国
18、的本国的;国内的国内的;家用的家用的;家庭的家庭的domestically adv.家庭式地，合乎国内地家庭式地，合乎国内地1)gross(总的)domestic product 国内生产总值2)扩大内需expand domestic demand 3)国内事务domestic affairs4)家用器具domestic appliances consumption n.消耗消耗;消耗量消耗量;消费消费consume v.消耗消耗;吃吃;饮饮;喝喝;烧毁烧毁consumer n.消费者消费者1)刺激国内消费boost domestic consumption 2)time-consuming
19、adj.耗时的 3)能源消耗 energy/fuel consumption comprise vt.包括包括/含含;由由组成组成同义词：include v.包含;包括 contain v.含有;包含;容纳;控制 consist of 由组成/构成 (常用)be made up of 由组成/构成 (常用)be composed of 由组成/构成 be comprised of 由组成/构成The class comprises/is comprised of 55 students.=includes/contains/consists of/is made up of 1)The cou
20、rse _.(涵盖了听说读写)2)The medical team _(comprise)of experts and medical staff arrived at the scene shortly after the earthquake.was comprisedcomprises/is comprised of listening,speaking,readings and writing.generate vt.产生产生;引起引起generator n.发电机发电机;电力公司电力公司;生产者生产者;创始者创始者generation n.产生，一代产生，一代general n.将军
21、将军&adj.大体的大体的/普遍的普遍的1)Wind can generate electricity2)产生收益/利润generate income/profits strain n.(动、植物的动、植物的)系系/品种品种C;拉伤拉伤;压力压力 肌肉拉伤muscle strain同义词：同义词：pressure n.压力压力;压强压强 species n.物种物种(单复数同形单复数同形)leisure n.闲暇闲暇;休闲休闲;空闲空闲1)过着休闲的生活live/lead a life of leisure2)闲暇时/空闲时in ones leisure time3)at ones leisu
22、re 有空时，空闲时deep down =as a matter of fact=in fact/reality=actually 1)他好像很有信心，实际上却被恐惧淹没了。He seemed confident but deep down he was overcome by/with fear.2)尽管有这么多人陪着我，但是内心深处我还是有一种孤独的恐惧感。(状语从句的省略)Though accompanied by many people,deep down,I have a fear of loneliness.在内心深处在内心深处;本质上本质上/实际上实际上soil n.泥士泥士;土
23、壤土壤;国土国土;领土领土一个土生土长的人a man of the soilsbs native soil 某人的故土celebrity n.名望名望;名誉名誉;名人名人;名流名流celebrities 复数复数相近词：相近词：celebrate v.庆祝庆祝;1)网红internet celebrities 2)不在乎名利care little for celebrity or moneyenvision vt.展望展望;想象想象envision(doing)sth 想象(做).同义词：同义词：imagine v.想象想象 I cant envision doing anything els
24、e with my life except for work.grain n.C谷物谷物;谷粒谷粒/颗粒颗粒a grain of rice/wheat/sand grains of rice 稻粒稻粒vision n.C想象想象;C展望展望/构想构想;视力视力/视野视野;同义词：同义词：imagination n.想象力想象力;想象想象 prospect n.展望展望 sight/view n.视力视力 salty adj.含盐的含盐的;咸的咸的 盐碱地salty landsalt n.盐盐urban adj.城市的城市的;都市的都市的;城镇的城镇的rural adj.乡村的乡村的;农村的农村
25、的 城市建设/交通urban construction/transportation reality n.现实现实;实际情况实际情况;事实事实in reality 事实上turn.into a reality 使.成为现实bring.back to reality 使.面对现实/不再有幻想real adj.真的真的;真正的真正的;真实的真实的;实在的实在的really adv.真实地真实地;真正地真正地;事实上事实上realize vt.实现实现1)virtual reality 虚拟现实2)a reality show 3)Exploring the Moon used to be a fa
26、ntasy but _ reality now.4)In _(real),many women are forced to make a choice between family and career.5)Its time for us to bring him _ to reality.Stop daydreaming.6)As a result of the soliders endless efforts,they turned the victory of the campaign _ a reality.realityintobackabomb n.C炸弹炸弹&v.轰炸轰炸;对对投
27、炸弹投炸弹相近词：相近词：boom bum v.&n.迅速发展迅速发展/繁荣；繁荣；轰鸣轰鸣/轰响；轰响；1)bomb shelter 防空洞2)定时炸弹a time bomb 3)炸弹爆炸。The bomb goes off/explodes.tunnel n.C地下通道地下通道;地道地道;隧道隧道1)tunnel vision 视野狭隘2)开凿隧道dig/drive a tunnelextension n.延伸；扩建部分；电话分机延伸；扩建部分；电话分机extend vt.&vi.延长；拓展延长；拓展 ；扩及；扩及同义词：同义词：stretch v.&n.延伸延伸chemical adj.
28、与化学有关的与化学有关的;化学的化学的&n.C化学制品化学制品;化学品化学品chemistry n.化学化学 chemist n.化学家化学家;药剂师药剂师1)化工材料chemical materials2)产生化学反应create a chemical reaction The chemist is doing the chemical experimentflavor/flavour n.C&U味道味道;调味料调味料;特点特点/色色1)The fish has a wonderful flavour.这条鱼的味道很好。2)The stories have a strong regional
29、 flavour.这些故事带有浓郁的地方特色。nutrition n.营养营养;滋养滋养nutritional adj.营养营养(物物)的的nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的有营养的；营养丰富的1)营养价值nutritional valuepoverty n.贫穷贫穷;贫困贫困poor adj.贫穷的贫穷的;贫瘠的贫瘠的;可怜的可怜的;粗劣的粗劣的1)过着贫困的生活live in poverty 2)脱贫overcome/get rid of poverty3)他们向往一个没有贫穷和疾病的平等社会。They envision an equal society,free from
30、 poverty and disease.organic adj.有机的有机的;不使用化肥的不使用化肥的;器官的器官的1)有机农业 organic agriculture pesticide n.C杀虫剂杀虫剂;除害药物除害药物pest n.害虫害虫;害兽害兽;害鸟害鸟1)有机农药 organic pesticides in turn 反过来反过来/转而；转而；依次依次/轮流轮流take turns to do sth.轮流做某事轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事轮到某人做某事by turns 更替地更替地;轮流轮流1)We clean our dormi
31、tory in turn.In other words,we take turns_(clean)the room.Its my turn _(do)the cleaning today.2)Prices are fixed through the relationship of the demand and in turn affect supply and demand.价格是通过需求之间的关系来固定的，这反过来又会影响供求关系。3)Day and night change by turns.昼夜轮流变化。to turnto do digest dadest vt./vi.消化消化;领会领
32、会/悟悟 dadest n.C摘要摘要/文摘文摘digestion n.C摘要；文摘摘要；文摘1)Human can not digest plants such as grass.2)He stopped talking,waiting for her to digest the information.3)忙于写一篇新闻摘要，他没有时间锻炼。(过去分词作状语)Occupied in writing a news digest,he has no time to do exercise.mineral n.C 矿物矿物;矿物质矿物质&adj.(与与)矿物矿物(有关有关)的的mine n.矿矿
33、/矿井矿井&v.采（煤等矿物）；采（煤等矿物）；miner n.矿工矿工1)矿泉水 mineral water2)矿物资源 mineral resourcesessential adj.完全必要的完全必要的;极其重要的极其重要的essence n.本质本质/要素；要素；精华；精华；香精香精同义词：同义词：necessary/vital/crucial/very importantA be essential to B A对B不可缺少的It is essential for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是必要的It is essential that sb(should)do st
34、h.某人做某事是必要的1)Money is not essential _ happiness.2)When we learn a language,it is essential for us _(write)compositions.3)It is essential that technology advance _(combine)with moral.4)对学生来说，劳逸结合是重要的。It is essential for students to have a balance between work and rest.to(should)be combinedto writeins
35、tance n.例子例子;实例实例;事例事例for instance 例如;比如同义词：同义词：such as 例如例如;比如比如like prep.诸如诸如;比如像比如像take as an example 以以为例为例1)There are many things we can do._(例如，我们可以把积极的态度分享给那些消极或沮丧的人。)share our positive attitude with those who are negative or upset.For instance,we candepth n.C&U向下向下(或向里或向里)的距离的距离;深深(度度)deep a
36、dj.深的深的;纵深的纵深的deeply adv.非常非常;深深地深深地deepen v.(使使)变深变深;加深加深in depth 全面地，深入的，仔细的全面地，深入的，仔细的 adj.highwidelongstrongbroadn.heightwidthlengthstrengthv.heightenwidenlenghthenstrengthenbroaden1.He did not get a chance to _(deep)his knowledge of Poland.2.His film,over two hours in _(long),is a subtle study
37、of family life.3.The _(high)of the mountain did not discourage them.4.The move is clearly intended to _(strength)the Presidents position as head of state.5._(在我记忆深处),many things I did with my father still live on.deepenlengthheightstrengthenIn the depths of my memoryroot n.C根部；根源根部；根源 v.(使使)生根生根,(使使
38、)扎根扎根grass root 基层/草根be rooted in 根源在于alternative n.C可供选择的事物可供选择的事物&adj.可供替代的可供替代的;非传统的非传统的have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事an alternative to.的替代品alternatively adv.要不然；或者要不然；或者1)另类的生活方式/价值观alternative lifestyles/values2)You can be paid in cash weekly or by check monthly;those are the two_.
39、(alternative)3)Allow about 8 hours for the drive from here._(alternative),you can take a plane.4)We have no alternative but _(tolerate)his rudeness.5)New ways to treat the diease may provide _ alternative to painkillers.alternativesanto tolerateAlternativelyentirely adv.全部地全部地;完整地完整地;完全地完全地entire adj.全部的全部的;整个的整个的;完全的完全的同义词：同义词：fully/totally/completely/thoroughly aspect n.C方面方面/层面层面in all aspects 各个方面Climate and weather affect our lives in all aspects.nowhere near 远不及远不及/远远不能远远不能/完全没有；完全没有；1)1.电影院远没有坐满。The hall was nowhere near full.2.她远不如她妹妹聪明。She is nowhere near as clever as her sister.
