1、Unit1SurvivingFreshmanYear21世纪大学艺术英语教程2课件Preparation1PreparationText AText BDevelopment Famous Sayings Background Building US-China Relations by Banjo Famous SayingsWhen in Rome,do as the Romans do.Proverb入乡随俗。入乡随俗。谚语谚语 PreparationText AText BDevelopment Famous SayingsLiving without an aim is like s
2、ailing without a compass.British Ruskin生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。英国英国 罗斯金罗斯金PreparationText AText BDevelopment 1.Cultural Gap A culture gap is any means of the systematic difference between two cultures which will hinder mutual understanding or relations.Such differences include the values,beh
3、aviorsand customs of the respective cultures.Culture gaps can relate to religion,ethnicity,age,or social class.Examples of cultural differences that may lead to gaps include social norms and gender roles.The term can also be used to refer to misunderstandings within a society,such as between differe
4、nt scientific specialties.PreparationText AText BDevelopment Background Regarding international communications,travel and trade are good ways of carrying the communication.Beforehand,travelers and business people can read books well prepared for them on how to become aware of and how to handle the c
5、ultural differences.Conflict raised by cultural divisions can be lessened through communication.Immigrants and migrant laborers need to learn the ways of adapting to new culture.Tourists may also meet diversity in protocols,such as tips,body language,personal space,dress codes,and other cultural iss
6、ues.Knowledge of cultural differences should be covered by language teachers as well.PreparationText AText BDevelopment 2.Cultural Heritage Cultural heritage is the legacy of physical artifacts(cultural property)and intangible attributes of a group or society that are inherited from past generations
7、,maintained in the present and bestowed for the benefit of future generations.Cultural heritage includes tangible culture(such as buildings,monuments,landscapes,books,works of art,and artifacts),intangible culture(such as folklore,traditions,language,and knowledge),and natural heritage(including cul
8、turally-significant landscapes,and biodiversity).The deliberate act of keeping cultural heritage from the presentPreparationText AText BDevelopment Backgroundfor the future is known as Preservation(American English)or Conservation(British English).Cultural heritage is often unique and irreplaceable,
9、which places the responsibility of preservation on the current generation.The international body UNESCO(the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)has been successful at gaining the necessary support to preserve the heritage of many nations for the future.PreparationText ATe
10、xt BDevelopmentPreparationText AText BDevelopmentClick the pictures above to watch the video Building US-China Relations by BanjoPreparationText AText BDevelopmentClick here to refer to the script Building US-China Relations by BanjoPreparationText AText BDevelopment Building US-China Relations by B
11、anjo Lead-in Global Reading Detailed Reading After ReadingPreparationText AText BDevelopment Text A 2 Lead-inText AWords and Expressions Related to Culture Listening PracticePreparationText AText BDevelopmentWords and Expressions Related to Culture多种文化的多种文化的多种族的多种族的反文化休克反文化休克multiculturalmultiethnic
12、 etiquette跨文化的跨文化的价值观念价值观念礼仪礼仪社会规范社会规范文化定式文化定式counter cultural shockvalues cross-culturalcultural stereotypesocial norms PreparationText AText BDevelopment文化禁忌文化禁忌文化认同文化认同文化休克文化休克cultural taboocultural identity 性别角色性别角色习俗习俗cultural shockcustom gender role行为标准行为标准standard of behaviorPreparationText A
13、Text BDevelopment Almost everyone who studies,lives or works 1)experiences some degree of cultural shock.This period of 2)involves everything from getting used to the food and language to making a phone call.No matter how patient and flexible you are,the period of adapting to a new culture can be 3)
14、.It is easy to 4),depressed and homesick.You may even want to go back home!cultural adjustment Listen to the passage and fill in the following blanks with the words or expressions you hear.difficult and frustratingget lostListening PracticePreparationText AText BDevelopmentabroad_ _ Dont panic.These
15、 are totally 5)and you are not alone.You are on an adventure 6)to grow and learn.Once you have gained an understanding of the country and its customs,learned a few phrases,become 7)the neighborhood,and made a few friends,you are on your way to overcoming cultural shock and becoming more 8)about the
16、place at which you live.self-assured normal reactions familiar with a wonderful opportunity PreparationText AText BDevelopment_Text A Global ReadingPart Division of the TextQuestions and AnswersPreparationText AText BDevelopmentPart Division of the TextPartParagraphMain IdeaI 1Music can bridge the c
17、ultural gap.II 2-5 III6 Cultural exchanges between music departments at American and Chinese universities.The universal nature of music helps clear up language differences.PreparationText AText BDevelopmentRead the text and answer the following questions.1.According to the author,why can music funct
18、ion as a bridge across cultural differences?Because all types of music have certain common elements regardless of their place of origin.Questions and AnswersPreparationText AText BDevelopment2.What is the suggested way to begin to learn about a foreign culture?Learning to play a musical instrument f
19、rom another culture.3.Why can an American student who already plays string instruments learn to play the Chinese erhu much more quickly than one who has no such experience?Because it is easier for the one who already plays a similar instrument.PreparationText AText BDevelopment4.Why is it a hard job
20、 for Chinese universities to develop a western-style orchestra?Because they have more difficulty finding students who play woodwind instruments.5.What is considered an obstacle for exchanging musicians between American and Chinese universities?Language.PreparationText AText BDevelopment6.What enable
21、s music to bridge the cultural gap?Its universal nature.7.Discuss with your partner and come up with some tips to help bridge the cultural gap.Suggested tips:Be cautious with behavior.React carefully.Show respect.Speak clearly.Be understood.PreparationText AText BDevelopment 1 The cultures of China
22、and the United States are very different from one another,and it is easy for misunderstandings to happen between the people of each of these nations.Music,however,can provide ways to bridge this cultural gap because,while musical styles and sounds may vary,all types of music have certain common elem
23、ents regardless of their place of origin.For this reason,music can be used to help promote understanding between people of vastly different cultural backgrounds.Detailed ReadingThe Universal Nature of Music PreparationText AText BDevelopment John Prescott 2 Learning to play a musical instrument from
24、 another culture is an excellent way to begin to learn about that culture.It is easier,however,for a student to learn an instrument from another culture if he or she already plays a similar instrument.For example,American students who play the flute have a much easier time learning the Chinese dizi
25、than those who do not.American students who already play string instruments such as the violin,viola,or cello can learn to play the Chinese erhu much more quickly than those who have no experience.PreparationText AText BDevelopment 3 In China,the most popular western musical instruments are the pian
26、o and the violin.Not as many Chinese students choose to play woodwind instruments such as the flute,oboe,clarinet,or bassoon,or brass instruments such as the trumpet,French horn,trombone,or tuba.As a result,Chinese universities that want to develop western-style orchestras have more difficulty findi
27、ng students who play these instruments,and it is challenging for Chinese students learning woodwind and brass instruments to find good role models from whom to learn the best playing techniques.PreparationText AText BDevelopment 4 The situations with both American and Chinese students described in t
28、he two paragraphs above provide the opportunity for cultural exchanges between music departments at American and Chinese universities.American music students who will eventually become teachers need more experience in multiculturalism and diversity to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse popula
29、tion.Chinese music students who want to learn to play western-style music need to be exposed to role models who have been schooled in those traditions.An exchange of music students and faculty members between American and Chinese universities would clearly be of great benefit to both groups.Preparat
30、ionText AText BDevelopment 5 One of the challenges to an exchange of musicians between American and Chinese universities is that,until recently,music students in China were expected to focus on learning musical skills and not necessarily on learning English.That,however,has changed because Chinese s
31、tudents are now required to take English.Conversely,American music students who have to learn any foreign language at all might be required to learn French or German,but not Chinese.This is still the case,so translators have to be provided when Chinese music teachers come to America to teach classes
32、.PreparationText AText BDevelopment 6 While the language issues create something of a barrier,the universal nature of the music itself is able in some cases to overcome language differences.Some students find that they can imitate the music of the teacher even if neither can understand a word the ot
33、her speaks.Still,there is no substitute for proficiency in the target foreign language when the goal is true cultural understanding.PreparationText AText BDevelopment Music,however,can provide ways to bridge this cultural gap because,while musical styles and sounds may vary,all types of music have c
34、ertain common elements regardless of their place of origin.1.cultural gapHere“gap”is used figuratively，meaning“deficiency which needs to be filled”.e.g.a gap in ones education the generation gap PreparationText AText BDevelopment2.place of originHere“origin”means“starting point or source”.e.g.the or
35、igins of life on earth The origins of the customs are unknown.3.“while”的用法本句中本句中while 引导让步状语从句，相当于引导让步状语从句，相当于in spite of the fact that或或 although。意为：尽管。意为：尽管，然而，然而。e.g.While I like the color of the hat,I do not like its shape.PreparationText AText BDevelopment 3.Translate the sentence into Chinese.
36、而各种类型的音乐，尽管发源地不同，风格与音色变化多样却而各种类型的音乐，尽管发源地不同，风格与音色变化多样却因有着某些共性而成为跨越文化沟壑的桥梁。因有着某些共性而成为跨越文化沟壑的桥梁。PreparationText AText BDevelopment For example,American students who play the flute have a much easier time learning the Chinese dizi than those who do not.1.have an easy time doing/have an easy time of itt
37、o have an experience with something that is less difficult or severe than what others have experienced e.g.you will be sure to have an easy time making the transition from home to university.We were given a hard assignment,but Fred had an easy time of it.PreparationText AText BDevelopment 2.Translat
38、e the sentence into Chinese.例如，一个会演奏长笛的美国学生会比其他学生更容易学会例如，一个会演奏长笛的美国学生会比其他学生更容易学会中国的中国的“笛子笛子”。PreparationText AText BDevelopment American students who already play string instruments such as the violin,viola,or cello can learn to play the Chinese erhu much more quickly than those who have no experien
39、ce.1.string instruments 2.Translate the sentence into Chinese.同样的道理，会演奏小提琴、中提琴、或大提琴等管弦乐器的同样的道理，会演奏小提琴、中提琴、或大提琴等管弦乐器的美国学生则比无此经验者更易学会中国的美国学生则比无此经验者更易学会中国的“二胡二胡”。PreparationText AText BDevelopment弦乐器弦乐器 Not as many Chinese students choose to play woodwind instruments such as the flute,oboe,clarinet,or
40、bassoon,or brass instruments such as the trumpet,French horn,trombone,or tuba.1.woodwind instruments 2.Translate the sentence into Chinese.演奏木管乐器如长笛、双簧管、竖笛、低音管，或者铜管乐器如演奏木管乐器如长笛、双簧管、竖笛、低音管，或者铜管乐器如小号、法国长号、长号或者大号的人为数不多。小号、法国长号、长号或者大号的人为数不多。PreparationText AText BDevelopment木管乐器木管乐器 Structure it is chal
41、lenging for Chinese students learning woodwind and brass instruments to find good role models from whom to learn the best playing techniques.In this sentence,“it”serves as the preparatory subject,and the true subject is the infinitive phrase.e.g.It is my pleasure to address the meeting.It was pretty
42、 hard for him to bring up the child on his own.1.What is the function of“it”in this sentence?PreparationText AText BDevelopment 3.Translate the sentence into Chinese.而那些学习木管乐器和铜管乐器的中国学生要想求教而那些学习木管乐器和铜管乐器的中国学生要想求教良师学习演奏的精湛技艺也非易事。良师学习演奏的精湛技艺也非易事。2.brass instrumentsPreparationText AText BDevelopment铜管乐
43、器铜管乐器Structure American music students who will eventually become teachers need more experience in multiculturalism and diversity to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population.multi-是构词成分，表示是构词成分，表示“多个、多种、多方面多个、多种、多方面”。e.g.multicolored a.多色的多色的 multiracial a.多种族社会多种族社会 multilateral a.多边的多边
44、的 multilingual a.多种语言的多种语言的 multinational a.多国的多国的1.multiculturalism PreparationText AText BDevelopment 3.Translate the sentence into Chinese.有志于成为教师的美国音乐专业的学生需要拓宽多元文化有志于成为教师的美国音乐专业的学生需要拓宽多元文化经验来满足人们日益多元化的需求。经验来满足人们日益多元化的需求。PreparationText AText BDevelopmentStructure Chinese music students who want
45、to learn to play western-style music need to be exposed to role models who have been schooled in those traditions.to introduce someone to(a subject)e.g.I would like to expose these new medical technologies to the students.I would like to be exposed to English 24 hours a day when I take this course i
46、n London.1.expose someone toPreparationText AText BDevelopment 3.Translate the sentence into Chinese.中国音乐专业的学生想要学习演奏西方乐器中国音乐专业的学生想要学习演奏西方乐器,也需要多接触也需要多接触在音乐传统上造诣高深的良师。在音乐传统上造诣高深的良师。在句中用作及物动词，意为：教育在句中用作及物动词，意为：教育,训练。训练。e.g.He was schooled by life itself.She was schooled in hiding her emotions.2.school
47、PreparationText AText BDevelopment .music students in China were expected to focus on learning musical skills and not necessarily on learning English.1.wait,expect,look forward to,and await“Wait”means to stay somewhere or not do sth.until es,happens,etc.e.g.Im waiting to hear from Dan before I arran
48、ge my trip.“Expect”means to believe that sth.will come,happen,etc.e.g.The police are expecting trouble.PreparationText AText BDevelopment“Look forward to”means to be excited and pleased aboutsth.that is going to happen.e.g.Im looking forward to getting his letter.“Wait”is never followed directly by
49、a noun.You must say“wait for”.e.g.She was waiting for a bus.In formal English,you can use“await”,which is followeddirectly by a noun.e.g.We are awaiting your instructions.PreparationText AText BDevelopment3.Translate the sentence into Chinese.一直以来一直以来,中国音乐专业的学生理所应当地把主要精力中国音乐专业的学生理所应当地把主要精力放在音乐技能的学习而
50、非英语学习上。放在音乐技能的学习而非英语学习上。2.not necessarily未必未必,不一定不一定e.g.That is not necessarily true.Expensive restaurants arent necessarily the best.Food that looks good doesnt necessarily taste good.PreparationText AText BDevelopment Still,there is no substitute for proficiency in the target foreign language when
