1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 Unit 3 Science and nature (35 分钟 ) .阅读理解 A (2017 云南师范大学附中适应性考试 ) Marvin Minsky is often called the Father of Artificial Intelligence.His work helped inspire the creation of the personal computer and the Internet. Artificial Intelligence Before Minsky,computers were more like calculator
2、s,performing maths operations at speeds much faster than humans.Minsky was the first to say that computers can one day be as intelligent as human beings.He was so convinced about this,that in 1959,he and his friend John McCarthy invented the term “Artificial Intelligence” at the Massachusetts Instit
3、ute of Technology. Minsky wrote a book called Perceptrons,describing a particular type of “artificial neural( 神经的 )network”.Neural networks have made a comeback in a new field of Computer Science called Deep Learning.Deep Learning is used to recognize things and people in pictures(as seen in Faceboo
4、k and Google Photos),language translation(try Google Translate sometimes),and so on. Robotics,Microscopes and Virtual Reality How many of you have done Robotics at school and loved it?You have Minsky to thank again,for his work on Robotics.One of his biggest inventions was the confocal scanning micr
5、oscope,an instrument that is still widely used today in medical and scientific research. Minsky was really futuristic.He created one of the first head-mounted graphics displays(头戴式图形显示 ),which gave rise to the exciting area of Virtual Reality.This year,Facebook is releasing Oculus,a virtual reality
6、headset,which you can use to play games with your friends in a 3-D environment. Minskys major prediction that computers will one day become as intelligent as humans is now called the Theory of Singularity. 1.Which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Minsky himself invented the term “Artificial In
7、telligenc e” in MIT. B.Minsky transformed computer into a machine more intelligent than human beings. C.Apart from Information Technology,Minskys invention is also used in medical field. D.Minsky invented a headset,with which players can play games in a 3-D environment. 2.Which is NOT the function o
8、f Deep Learning? A.Recognize people in Facebook. B.Spot items in Google Photos. C.Summarize main idea of a passage. D.Translate English into French. 3.Which is NOT one of Minskys characteristics according to the passage? A.Far-sighted. B.Creative. C.Pioneering. D.Considerate. 4.In which section of a
9、 newspaper can you read this passage? A.Technology. B.Travel. C.Environment. D.Life. ? 导学号 23500054? B (2017 广东华南师范大学附中三模 ) 【 精品教育资源文库 】 The exact work of ancient astronomers has led to a modern observation our days are longer than they used to be.Not that youd noticed: The new research in the Proc
10、eedings of the Royal Society A shows that it takes the Earth a tiny bit longer these days to complete a single rotation(转动 )than it did millions of years ago.Its the kind of stuff thats measured in milliseconds per century,but those milliseconds add up.Over the 2,500 years or so,theyd total seven ho
11、urs,which the Los Angeles Times puts this way,“If humanity had been measuring time with an atom ic clock that started running back in 700 BC,today that clock would read 7 p.m.when the sun is directly overhead rather than noon.” Maybe more remarkable is that the work is the result of a tireless 40-ye
12、ar research into ancient timekeeping records dating back 2,700 years. Scientists led by Richard Stephenson of the UKs Durham University have been studying Babylonian clay tablets,Chinese observations made through the use of water clocks,and Arab astronomical records that tracked solar and lunar ecli
13、pses(日 /月食 ).“The most astonishing thing about this study is the fact that we have this information at all,” said a geographer not involved in the study.Researchers are still hoping to find observations from the Incas and the Maya,and to fill in their largest hole between 200 and 600 AD,but theyve m
14、easured the Earths deceleration at 1.8 milliseconds per day per century.Given the moons gravitational effect on our oceans,the discovery that Earth is decelerating isnt a surprise,notes the Christian Science Monitor,though astronomers had previously estimated a higher rate. 5.Why are days longer tha
15、n before according to the text? A.The earth rotates more and more slowly. B.Humanity has got incorrect timekeeping records. C.It takes longer for the earth to turn around the sun. D.The lost milliseconds for centuries are added to our present days. 6.How did researchers come to the conclusion of the
16、 study? A.By resetting the rotating time of the earth. B.By referring to ancient timekeeping records. C.By studying the moons gr avitational effect on the oceans. D.By measuring time again with an atomic clock. 7.What can we infer about the study from what the geographer said? A.Geography theory sup
17、ports the result of the study. B.The geographer disagrees to the research conclusion. C.The scientists research is meaningless. D.Its right to get geographers involved in the study. 8.What is the meaning of the underlined word “deceleration” in Paragraph 2? A.Evolution. B.Slowdown. C.Enlargement. D.
18、Development. ? 导学号 23500055? .七选五 (2017 湖南长沙长郡中学临考冲刺 ) Restaurants have been around in some form for most of human civilization.As far back as ancient Greece and Rome,there was a trend that inns and taverns(客栈 )generally served food to people who had a reason to be away from home.1. Although taverns
19、 and coffee houses were popular places to gather and share beverages(酒水 ;饮料 ) in the 17th century,the idea of eating out for fun didnt take off in Western society until the late 18th century. Although McDonalds was the first restaurant to use the ass embly-line system,some people think of White Cast
20、le as the first fast-food chain.2. At the 【 精品教育资源文库 】 time,most people considered the burgers sold at fairs,circuses,lunch counters and carts to be low-quality.Many people thought hamburger came from slaughterhouse(屠 宰场 )scraps and spoiled meat. 3. They built their restaurants so that customers co
21、uld see the food being prepared.They painted the buildings white and even chose a name that suggested cleanliness.White Castle was most popular in the American East and Midwest,but its success helped give hamburger meat a better reputation nationwide. The McDonald brothers opened their redesigned re
22、staurant in 1948,and several fast-food chains that exist today opened soon after.4. And Wendys opened in 1969.McDonalds is now the worlds largest fast -food chain. According to the National Restaurant Association.American sales of fast food totaled $163.5 billion in 2005.5. Total sales for McDonalds
23、 grew 5.6 percent in 2005,and the company now has 30,000 franchised stores in more than 120 countries. A.The industry is growing globally as well. B.This trend continued until relatively recently. C.White Castle was founded in 1921 in Wichita,Kansas. D.Burger King and Taco Bell got their start in th
24、e 1950s. E.Its hard to imag ine fast food without drive-through windows. F.It allows restaurants to receive and store a large amount of food. G.White Castles founders decided to change the publics perception of hamburgers. ? 导学号 23500056? .短文改错 (2017 河北衡水中学仿真模拟四 ) There are many hurricanes occur aro
25、und the world every year.Knowing what to do during a hurricane is of great important to survive. Listening to the weather forecast so that you know when a hurricane is coming.If a hurricane warning is issued,stop doing whichever youre busy with,which is always the most efficient way to avoid caught in a hurricane.If you were walking outside,stop and find a shelter under which can protect you from a hurricane.If you are in your car when a hurricane comes,remain in it and turn on the
