1、Inventors and inventionsBook 8 Unit 3晨背佳作 积累素材 话题词汇1.breakthrough n.突破；重大进展突破；重大进展2.convenience n.便利；方便便利；方便3.electronic adj.电子的电子的4.intelligent adj.智能的智能的5.invention n.发明；创造发明；创造6.technical adj.技术的；工艺的技术的；工艺的7.be in the lead领先领先8.follow the fashion追随时尚追随时尚9.in the field of science在科学领域在科学领域10.with
2、the development of 随着随着的发展的发展话题佳作假设你是李华，你的朋友假设你是李华，你的朋友Jim来信询问有关车轮的情况。请你来信询问有关车轮的情况。请你根据下表所提供的信息给他写一封回信，简要介绍车轮的发明及根据下表所提供的信息给他写一封回信，简要介绍车轮的发明及其影响，并谈一谈你对车轮的看法。其影响，并谈一谈你对车轮的看法。最早出现时间最早出现时间大约大约6 500年前年前最早出现地点最早出现地点亚洲亚洲发展发展由仅用于运输重物发展为用于轮式车辆；由由仅用于运输重物发展为用于轮式车辆；由木制发展为钢制木制发展为钢制影响影响使人可以快速搬动大大超过自身重量的物体；使人可以快
3、速搬动大大超过自身重量的物体；促成多种技术的发展与进步促成多种技术的发展与进步佳作欣赏Dear Jim，Im happy to receive your letter.Now Id like to talk about the wheel.Researchers have proved that the first wheel was invented about 6,500 years ago in Asia.At first，it was only a tool invented to help people transport heavy things till it became a
4、part of a vehicle.The material of making the wheel has changed from wood to steel.It not only makes it possible for people to move the things much heavier than themselves quickly but also helps with the development of several kinds of technologies.I believe the invention of the wheel also makes the
5、development of human society faster.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua名师点睛本文结构如下：本文结构如下：1.指出说明对象指出说明对象车轮的发明。车轮的发明。2.围绕要点围绕要点进行说明：进行说明：(1)最早出现的时间及地点；最早出现的时间及地点；(2)制作材料与用途的发展制作材料与用途的发展变化；变化；(3)对世界的影响。对世界的影响。3.个人评价。文中不仅出现了宾语从句、个人评价。文中不仅出现了宾语从句、时间状语从句、过去分词短语作定语、时间状语从句、过去分词短语作定语、it作形式宾语等复杂句式，作形式宾语等复杂句式，还使用了还使用了at
6、first，not only.but also等过渡性词汇，使文章条理清等过渡性词汇，使文章条理清晰，读起来更加流畅。晰，读起来更加流畅。基础排查 点拨要点语篇训练 提升能力内容索引教材升华综合运用基础排查点拨要点A.写作必记单词写作必记单词1.convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的便利的；方便的；就近的(1)Please come to my assistance if is convenient for you.(填代词填代词)Please come to my assistance .(同义句转换同义句转换)(2)The office is furnished with a
7、ll modern (便利设施便利设施).2.adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的被动的；消极的；被动语态的重点单词重点单词1itat your convenienceconveniencespassive3.seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺；抓住；捉住；夺；(疾病疾病)侵袭侵袭(1)The child a light fever.这个孩子有点发烧。这个孩子有点发烧。(2)He seized the pickpocket the collar.(填介词填介词)4.n.文件；档案；文件夹文件；档案；文件夹 vt.提交；将提交；将归档归档5.freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的冰冻的；严寒的 c
8、old极冷的极冷的 hot炽热的炽热的was seized withbyfilefreezingburning6.bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担忍受；忍耐；负担(1)He cant bear (laugh)at.(2)(记住记住)that success comes from hard work.7.current n.(水或气水或气)流；电流流；电流 adj.现在的；当前的现在的；当前的 n.货币；通货货币；通货being laughed/to be laughedBear in mindcurrency8.associate vt.联想；联系联想；联系 n.同伴；伙伴同伴；伙伴He wa
9、s associated with the murder，so he was arrested.(同义句转换同义句转换)with the murder，he was arrested.himself with the murder，he was arrested.9.practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的实际的；实践的；实用的 vt.&vi.&n.实践；练习实践；练习AssociatedAssociatingpracticeB.阅读识记单词阅读识记单词10.distinguish vi.&vt.(1)distinguished adj.(2)Distinguished his kn
10、owledge of economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.(填介词填介词)(3)Its important to distinguish right wrong.(填介词填介词)11.merciful adj.mercy出于仁慈出于仁慈 the mercy of任由任由摆布摆布show mercy /have mercy 同情同情 显示显示的差别；使的差别；使有所不同；辨别有所不同；辨别卓越的；杰出的；著名的；高贵的；有尊严的卓越的；杰出的；著名的；高贵的；有尊严的forfrom宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的宽大的；仁慈的；慈
11、悲的out ofattoon12.product n.produce vt.13.abrupt adj.adv.突然地；唐突地突然地；唐突地14.caution n.(1)cautious adj.(2)caution小心地小心地产品产品生产生产突然的；意外的突然的；意外的abruptly小心；谨慎小心；谨慎小心的；谨慎的小心的；谨慎的with15.expectation n.(1)ones expectation出乎某人的预料出乎某人的预料(2)People select news (期望；等待期望；等待)a reward.(2015江苏江苏)16.merry adj.merrily adv
12、.17.valid adj.18.ripe adj.预料；期待；期望预料；期待；期望beyondin expectation of愉快的；高兴的愉快的；高兴的高兴地；愉快地高兴地；愉快地有效的；确凿的有效的；确凿的熟的；成熟的熟的；成熟的19.identification n.identify vt.identified adj.20.innocent adj.innocence n.21.dynamic adj.22.tap vt.&vi.n.鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明确认；识别；鉴别确认；识别；鉴别被识别的；经鉴定的被识别的；经鉴定的清白的；无罪的；天真的清白的；
13、无罪的；天真的清白；无罪；天真清白；无罪；天真充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的轻打；轻拍；轻敲轻打；轻拍；轻敲轻轻地敲击轻轻地敲击(声声)；(水水)龙头龙头23.stable adj.stability n.24.extension petence petent adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的稳固的；稳定的；安定的稳定；安定；稳定性稳定；安定；稳定性电话分机；扩大；延伸电话分机；扩大；延伸能力；胜任；本领能力；胜任；本领能胜任的；有能力的；称职的能胜任的；有能力的；称职的1.给给打电话打电话ring 回复电话回复电话ring 挂断电话挂断电话
14、2.偶尔；有时偶尔；有时3.开始开始(做做)；着手；着手(做做)开始开始(做做)4.迅速把手伸入；一心投入迅速把手伸入；一心投入高频短语高频短语2call upbackoffnow and thenset about(doing)set out(to do)dive into5.不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住hang 挂断电话挂断电话6.次序颠倒；发生故障次序颠倒；发生故障 order按顺序；井然有序按顺序；井然有序7.设法联系上设法联系上(尤指打通电话尤指打通电话)；(设法设法)做完；通过做完；通过hang onupout of orderinget through1.，I d
15、ecided on three possible ap-proaches：.经过一番研究准备之后，我决定了三种可能的方法：经过一番研究准备之后，我决定了三种可能的方法：2.But ，they tried to bite me.但是它们一旦被捡起来，就试图咬我。但是它们一旦被捡起来，就试图咬我。经典句式经典句式3Prepared with some research findingsonce picked up3.Only after you have had that recognition that you are tr-uly an inventor.只有你获得那种认证之后，你才能说你是一
16、个真正的发明者。只有你获得那种认证之后，你才能说你是一个真正的发明者。4.Follow it up，explore all around it，before you know it，to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西西 盘踞着你的头脑。盘踞着你的头脑。can you sayandyou willhave something worth thinking about“祈使句祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句陈述句”为常见句型。该结构中的祈为常见句型。该结构中的祈使
17、句相当于一个使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。Work hard，and you will succeed.(同义句转换同义句转换)，you will succeed.，you will succeed.用法点拨用法点拨WorkinghardIfyouwork hard教材升华综合运用.教材与语法填空教材与语法填空When the writer called up her mother in the c
18、ountryside 1.the phone，she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes 2.(seem)to have made their home there.The writer felt proud and considered 3.a chance for her to distinguish herself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.She set about 4.(res
19、earch)the habits of snakes.She decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught.onseemeditresearching5.，her first two plans were not successful.As 6.result，she had to attempt a 7.time，which helped her fulfill her aim 8.(success).9.(press)by her friends and relations，she decided to send her 1
20、0.(invent)to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.thirdPressedsuccessfullyinventionHowevera.教材与短文改错教材与短文改错Alexander Graham Bell born in 1847 in Scotland.When he was young，his family moves to Boston，USA.His mother was almost entire deaf.After that，he became interested in help
21、deaf people communicate and in deaf education.He found that by pressing his lips against his mothers forehead，he could make the bones move in so a way that she could understand that he was saying.wasmovedentirelyhelpingsuchwhatIt was his exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit which led to
22、his inventions.Whats more，he was in the truth a continuing searcher.I improved the quality of everybodys life by finding much practical solutions.thatHemany.教材与微写作教材与微写作写作素材写作素材(关于专利关于专利)1.Thomas先生是一个先生是一个谨慎的谨慎的商人，他的商人，他的产品产品获得了获得了专利专利。2.但是，后来他发现他的产品没有达到但是，后来他发现他的产品没有达到标准标准。3.他他抓住抓住机会机会着手着手来改善产品。来改善
23、产品。4.他他希望希望自己的产品能自己的产品能经受得住经受得住检验。检验。5.他也希望他的收入会他也希望他的收入会稳定稳定增长。增长。提示：提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句，引导的定语从句，that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。连句成篇连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文词左右的英语短文)Mr.Thomas，who was a cautious businessman，got a patent for his products.But later he found his products did
24、nt live up to their criteria.He seized the chance and set out to improve them.He expected that his products could bear the tests and that his income would have a stable increase.语篇训练提升能力.阅读理解.七选五.完形填空.阅读理解(2016山东济南山师大附中模拟山东济南山师大附中模拟)We know the famous onesthe Thomas Edisons and the Alexa-nder Graham
25、 Bellsbut what about the less famous inventors？What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器雨刮器)？Shouldnt we know who they are?Joan McLean thinks so.In fact，McLean，a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range，feels so strongly about this matter that shes
26、 developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning“who”invented“what”，however，McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the“why”and“how”questions.According to McLe-an，“When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for invent
27、ing and more mot-ivated to give inventing a try.”Her students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLeans statement.“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention，”said Tommy Lee，a senior physics major，“I never would have dreamed of tur
28、ning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.”Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.So，just what is the story behind the windshield wiper？Well，Ma-ry Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold an
29、d stormy，but Anderson still wanted to see the sights，so she jumped aboard a streetcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield，she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a built-in device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she
30、 returned home to Birm-ingham，Alabama，Anderson started drafting out solutions.One of her ideas，a lever(操作杆操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside，became the first windshield wiper.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.Its hard to imagine driving w
31、ithout Garrett A.Morgans traffic light.Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?1.By mentioning“traffic light”and“windshield wiper”，the author indicates that countless inven
32、tions are .A.beneficial，because their inventors are famousB.beneficial，though their inventors are less famousC.not useful，because their inventors are less famousD.not useful，though their inventors are famous 答案 解析1234推理判断题。由文章最后一段第一句推理判断题。由文章最后一段第一句“Today we benefit from countless inventions and inn
33、ovations.”可知信号灯和雨刮器这些小的发明使我们可知信号灯和雨刮器这些小的发明使我们受益。由第一段可知信号灯和雨刮器等的发明者不怎么出名，故选受益。由第一段可知信号灯和雨刮器等的发明者不怎么出名，故选B项。项。2.Professor Joan McLeans course aims to .A.add colour and variety to students campus lifeB.inform students of the windshield wipers inventionC.carry out the requirements by Mountain Universit
34、yD.prepare students to try their own inventions 答案 解析1234细节理解题。由第二段最后一句细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”可知应选可知应选D项。项。3.Tommy Lees invention of the unbreakabl
35、e umbrella was .A.not eventually accepted by the umbrella producerB.inspired by the story behind the windshield wiperC.due to his dream of being caught in a rainstormD.not related to Professor Joan McLeans lectures 答案 解析1234细节理解题。由第三段中细节理解题。由第三段中Tommy Lee的话的话“If I had not heard the story of the wind
36、shield wipers invention.I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.”可知他的发明是因为受到了雨刮器的发可知他的发明是因为受到了雨刮器的发明故事的启发。明故事的启发。4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?A.How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to P
37、roducers?B.How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?C.Shouldnt We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?D.Shouldnt We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?答案 解析标题归纳题。全文讲述一些小的发明，其发明者虽不为人知，却非标题归纳题。全文讲述一些小的发明，其发明者虽不为人知，却非常有益，借以鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，故选常有益，借以鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，故选C项。其他选项。其他选项都
38、比较片面。项都比较片面。1234.七选五How to Overcome Challenges in Your LifeWe all face tough and difficult challenges in life.To overcome challenges you need to have that“never quit”attitude in life.If you develop it，youll overcome quite a bit.Motivate yourself.Say“YES，I CAN.”The challenge should bring out the best
39、 of you in this situation.Slow it down，and think that process through.1 If you develop that mindset(心态心态)，youll get it done.答案 解析F Develop that confidence in saying theres no way youre going to fail at this.本段讲要激励自己，要对自己说我能行，不要着急，发挥最好的自己。本段讲要激励自己，要对自己说我能行，不要着急，发挥最好的自己。如果有这种心态事情就能成功。如果有这种心态事情就能成功。F项：
40、用这种方法来增加自信就不会失项：用这种方法来增加自信就不会失败。此句话承上启下，故选败。此句话承上启下，故选F。2 Remain calm when youre facing serious troubles and prob-lems in life.You have to recollect yourself，and calm down.You cant solve problems when youre panicking.Take a deep breath，relax，and slow it down.Think things through calmly.答案 解析A Stay c
41、alm and cool headed.本段主要讲遇事要冷静及具体实施办法。本段主要讲遇事要冷静及具体实施办法。A项：保持镇静，头脑清醒，能概括全项：保持镇静，头脑清醒，能概括全段内容适合作标题。故选段内容适合作标题。故选A。Let failure and fear fuel you in a positive way.Everyone fails at times.If you fail the first，second，or third time，dont give up.3 Learn w-hat made you fail at overcoming these challenges.
42、答案 解析G Pick yourself up，and learn from why youve failed，and move on in a positive direction.本段讲用积极的态度面对失败。上句讲如果失败几次，不要放弃。本段讲用积极的态度面对失败。上句讲如果失败几次，不要放弃。G项：重新爬项：重新爬起，从失败中学习然后朝着积极的方向前行。与上句连接，告诉了我们具体办法，起，从失败中学习然后朝着积极的方向前行。与上句连接，告诉了我们具体办法，故选故选G。Simplify the challenge youre facing.Make the challenge easier
43、 than it is.4 As you get through each step，you develop more confidence and you believe you can get it done，and then you will.答案 解析C Start by breaking it down into steps.本段讲简化面对的挑战。使困难变容易些，当通过每一步的时候你就会有更大的本段讲简化面对的挑战。使困难变容易些，当通过每一步的时候你就会有更大的信心相信自己能行，你就会成功。信心相信自己能行，你就会成功。C项：从把挑战分解成几个小的步骤开始。连项：从把挑战分解成几个
44、小的步骤开始。连接前后，故选接前后，故选C。Stay positive and confident.5 You have to find out all the ways you can use to overcome it，and put them to full use with all your effort.Its our own mental stability thats the difficult part.When you do it mentally，youll actually be able to do it.答案 解析D To overcome a challenge，
45、you have to believe you can really do it.本段讲要保持积极的态度和信心。下文讲要找到解决问题的方法，用头脑全力以本段讲要保持积极的态度和信心。下文讲要找到解决问题的方法，用头脑全力以赴去解决问题。赴去解决问题。D项：为了战胜挑战你必须相信你能行。符合本段意思且连接前项：为了战胜挑战你必须相信你能行。符合本段意思且连接前后，故选后，故选D。A.Stay calm and cool headed.B.Think the best，not the worst.C.Start by breaking it down into steps.D.To overcom
46、e a challenge，you have to believe you can really do it.E.Most people will avoid any challenge，because theyre scared of failing.F.Develop that confidence in saying theres no way youre going to fail at this.G.Pick yourself up，and learn from why youve failed，and move on in a positive direction.完形填空(201
47、7湖北省重点中学模拟湖北省重点中学模拟)One day I went to a store to get some needed items for my family.I gathered up my goodies and heade-d for the 1 counter，only to be 2 in the narrow aisle(通道通道)by a young man who 3 to be about sixteen years old.the checkout counter收银台。收银台。句意为：我拿到了所有的东西，句意为：我拿到了所有的东西，前往收银台结账，结果被一个前往
48、收银台结账，结果被一个看起来约十六岁的年轻人挡住看起来约十六岁的年轻人挡住了去路。根据语境可知选了去路。根据语境可知选B项。项。1.A.customer B.checkout C.salesman D.office 答案 解析(2017湖北省重点中学模拟湖北省重点中学模拟)One day I went to a store to get some needed items for my family.I gathered up my goodies and heade-d for the 1 counter，only to be 2 in the narrow aisle(通道通道)by a
49、young man who 3 to be about sixteen years old.block阻挡；阻挡；trouble麻烦；麻烦；meet遇到；遇到；find发现。见上题解析，发现。见上题解析，故选故选A项。项。2.A.blocked B.troubled C.met D.found 答案 解析(2017湖北省重点中学模拟湖北省重点中学模拟)One day I went to a store to get some needed items for my family.I gathered up my goodies and heade-d for the 1 counter，onl
50、y to be 2 in the narrow aisle(通道通道)by a young man who 3 to be about sixteen years old.pretend假装；假装；appear出现；出现；declare宣布；宣布；tend趋向。趋向。appear to be看起来看起来，故选，故选B项。项。3.A.pretended B.appeared C.declared D.tended 答案 解析I wasnt in a hurry，so I 4 waited for the boy to realize that I was there.slowly慢慢地；慢慢地；
