1、意译为主的修辞意译为主的修辞两大类两大类1.利用语言独特构造的修辞格 reason：语法，语音，语言形式 无法和译入语匹配2.有特定文化背景的修辞格 reason：文化背景不为译入语读者 熟悉1.拟声词（onomatopoeia）2.Example:3.SL:那时候，只听见沙沙的脚步声以及拉车的那两匹鬃毛蓬松的小马得得的马蹄声，除此之外，再也听不见别的声音了。4.TL:There were no sound but that of the tread of the men and the footsteps of the two shaggy ponies which drew the van
2、.Example2:SL:骄阳下，柳树上，回答他的是一片“知了，知了”的蝉声。TL:Under the scorching sun,from the willow tree,came the confirming reply of the cicadas chirrup:“(I)see,(I)see”也有一些中英文对应的拟声词也有一些中英文对应的拟声词咯咯地笑 -giggle流水潺潺 -babble嘶嘶地响 -hiss喵喵地叫 -meow咕咕地叫 -cuckoo叮咚 -dingdong 2.对偶（antithesis）对偶要求上下两句结构相同或相似，字数相等，这种修辞格很难翻译，基本采取意译的
3、方式。（有少数是可译的）Example:无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。Version1：The boundless crop of autumnal leaves are rustling ceaselessly down;The endless streams of the Long River are rolling forever on.Version2:The boundless forest shed its leaves shower by shower;The endless river rolls its waves hour after hour.(许渊冲译)3.双关（pu
4、n）利用语言同音同形但不同义的关系，使一句话拥有一明一暗，一真一假两层含义。Example：（1）何处合成愁？离人心上秋。Where comes sorrow?Autumn on the heart of those who apart.（2）东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴。The west is veiled in rain,The enjoys sunshine;My gallant is as deep in love as day is fine,Is he singing with love?Ask if the day is fine.4.顶真（anadiplosis）Exampl
5、e:(1)有个农村叫张家庄，张家庄有个张木匠。张木匠有个好老婆，外号叫“小飞娥”。“小飞娥”生了个女儿叫艾艾。Version1：There was a village called Zhangjia Village.In the village lived Carpenter Zhang.Carpenter Zhang had a good wife,nicknamed Little Moth.Little Moth gave birth to a girl called Aiai.Version2:There was a village called Zhangjia Village,whe
6、re lived Carpenter Zhang,who had a good wife,nicknamed Little Moth,who gave birth to a girl called Aiai.5.拈连（zeugma）在上下文中，把适用于拿来说甲事物的词语顺便用来说乙食物。Examples：（1)蜜蜂是在酿蜜，也是在创造生活；不是为了自己，而是为了人类创造最甜的生活。Version1：While producing honey,they are also adding such sweetness to human life instead of their own life.V
7、ersion2:Making honey is also creating life,a most sweet life,not for themselves but for others.6.借代（antonomasia）一般这种翻译可以通过加注或增补来实现。Examples：（1）中国还有一句成语，三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。单独的一个诸葛亮总是不完全的，总是有缺陷的。Still another Chinese proverb say three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.Zhuge
8、 Liang by himself can never be perfect,he has his limitation.Example:(2)这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个西施，一个张飞。This young couple is not well matched,one is a Xi Shi a famous Chinese beauty,while the other is a Zhang Fei a well-known ill-tempered brute.7.摹形（graphic）把眼睛看到的形体如实描绘出来，主要是对大小，弯曲，长短，肥瘦，凹凸等方面的临摹。Examples:(1)三
9、人品字形坐了，随便谈了几句。The three men sat down facing each other and began casual chatting.(2)老张走进房间一看，只见女儿在床上睡成一个“大”字。Old Zhang went into the room and saw his daughter lying on the bed in the shape of the Chinese character“大”.*注意注意：英汉翻译时也有一些可以对应的摹形：英汉翻译时也有一些可以对应的摹形字。字。Examples：丁字板-T-plate工字型-I-shaped锤形轨迹-T-t
10、rack三角带-V-belt丁形套管-T-socket十字线-cross-wire马蹄螺栓-U-bolt三角板-set square槽钢 -U-steel叉形管-Y-pipe8.列锦列锦以名词或名词为中心的定名结构组成，里面没有动词或形容词，却能叙事怀旧，写景抒情，英汉都有此种修辞手法，但英语里没有此种修辞名称。Most typical example:枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家，古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。Withered vine,old tree and crows at duskA small bridge,s
11、tream and a hutAn ancient road,the west wind and a skinny horse.The sunset in the west,the traveler far away from home.Crows hovering over rugged trees wreathed with rotten vine the day is about done.Yonder is tiny bridge over a sparking stream,and on the far bank,a pretty little village.But the traveler has to go down this ancient road,the west wind moaning,his bony horse groaning,trudging towards the sinking sun,farther and farther away from home.Thank you!
