1、专题六非谓语动词,考向分析非谓语动词包括动名词、不定式、现在分词和过去分词,是重要的语法项目之一,也是每年高考的必考点。在语法填空题中,针对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在非谓语动词作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,而短文改错针对非谓语动词的考查主要以非谓语动词作宾语、定语、状语等为重点。,考点清单非谓语动词的基本结构与句法功能,一、非谓语动词作主语单句填空1.(2017江西九江十校二次联考) But conservationists say that making (make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting.
2、答案making句意:但自然环境保护主义者说使象牙出售合法化会导致甚至更多的非法捕猎。设空处作宾语从句的主语,表达的内容并非指某一次的具体行为,故用动名词形式作主语。因此填making。,用法精讲,2.As time is pressing, I think taking/to take (take) a taxi is the best way to get from here to the conference centre.答案taking/to take此处为动名词或不定式在从句中作主语。3.It is not necessary to bargain (bargain) on thi
3、s small amount.答案to bargain“It+is+形容词+to do sth.”为常用句式,It为形式主语,真正的主语是不定式短语。单句改错4.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and din-ner, which might not be served until 8 oclock at night. HaveHaving 答案HaveHavingprovides是主句的谓语动词,Having tea.是动名词短语作主语,故Have应改为动名词形式。,动名词和不定式作主语时的区别:1
4、.不定式、动名词都可作主语,但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作主语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。2.下列句型中常用动名词作主语。,用法精讲,It is/was+?+doing sth.,It is worth making an appointment before you go.去之前预约一下是值得的。3.下列句型中常用不定式作主语。It+be+名词+to do sth.It takes/took sb.+some time+to do sth.It+be+difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,ne
5、cessary.+for sb.+to do sth.It+be+careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,silly,stupid,wise.+of sb. to do sth.Its our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。,How long did it take you to finish the work?你花了多长时间来完成这项工作?It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in an hour.我们难
6、以在一小时内完成这篇作文。It is stupid of you to write down everything (that)the teacher says.你把老师说的所有东西都记下来是很愚蠢的。,二、非谓语动词作宾语单句填空1.(2017全国卷)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.答案eating介词by之后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语,故空格处填eating。2.(2
7、017福建龙岩五校期中)Very often, opportunities come quietly and go by without being noticed (notice).答案being noticed句意:机会常常是悄无声息地来,又默默而去。介词(without)后需用动名词作宾语;主语与notice之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故用being noticed。,语境运用,3.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to stop (stop) until we reached the n
8、ext stop.答案to stoprefuse之后接不定式作宾语,故空格处填to stop。,(一)下列动词一般用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。She pretended not to see me when I passed by.当我经过时,她假装没看见我。We agreed to meet
9、here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好了在这里见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。,用法精讲,此外,afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。(二)下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off,fancy(想象,设想);avoid,miss,keep/kee
10、p on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/ap-preciate;forbid,imagine,risk;cant help(禁不住),mind,allow/permit,es-cape。(三)接动名词作宾语的短语或句式:be used/accustomed to,lead to,devote to,go back to,stick to,object to,get,down to,pay attention to,cant stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,insist on,be busy,have difficulty(in),have a
11、 good/wonderful/hard time(in),spend time(in),how/what about., There is no sense in.。(四)形式宾语it:当不定式作宾语时,如果后有形容词或名词作宾补,常用it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语需要后置,放在宾补之后,即“主语+consider/think/find/feel/make/believe+it+adj./n.+to do sth.”。,三、非谓语动词作定语 单句填空1.Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent (spend) wi
12、th his students.答案spent句意:Jim已经退休了,但是他依然记得和他的学生们度过的快乐时光。空格处作the happy time的后置定语,且表示被动完成,故空格处填过去分词spent。2.The airport to be completed (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.答案to be completed空格处在句中作名词airport的后置定语,且二者是逻辑上的被动关系,动作是将来的,故应用不定式的被动形式。,语境运用,3.There are many different way
13、s to spend (spend) their spare time.答案to spend名词way之后常接不定式作后置定语。故空格处填to spend。,1.非谓语动词作定语时的区别:过去分词done常表被动完成;现在分词doing常表主动进行,being done常表被动进行;不定式to do常表主动将来,to be done常表被动将来。需要注意的是,不定式的进行式和完成式、现在分词的完成式一般不作定语。Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.我想让你看一下2012年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。The r
14、oom is empty except for a bookshelf standing in one corner.除了一个,用法精讲,书架立在角落,这间屋子空空的。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长久停留之前,还有许多问题需要解决。2.ability,chance,idea,fact,attempt,moment,way,right等名词后常接不定式作后置定语。Do you have the ability to read
15、and write in English? 你具备读写英语的能力吗?We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们承诺给任何出席晚会的人一个与那个影星合影的机会。,四、非谓语动词作状语单句填空1.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save (save) their valuable time.答案to save句意:现在很多航空公司允许乘客在网上
16、打印登机证来节省他们宝贵的时间。考查非谓语动词作状语。设空处表示目的,故用不定式形式。2.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing (allow) more patients to be treated.答案allowing句意:这家医院近期获得了新的医疗设备,这让更多的病人可以接受治疗。考查非谓语动词作状语。设空处动作与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,所以要用v.-ing形式。,语境运用,3. Ordered (order)over a week ago, the books are expected to
17、 arrive any time now. 答案Ordered句意:这些书一个多星期前就被下订单了,现在预计随时会到。order与逻辑主语the books之间为被动关系,且动作已经完成,故答案为Ordered。4.People probably cooked their food in large pots, using (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.答案using逗号后为非谓语动词作方式状语,且与主语是主动关系,故空格处填现在分词using。,(一)不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语的情况较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或s
18、o as,构成“in order to do”或“so as to do”结构。“in order to do”结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;“so as to do”结构只能放在句中。“in order to do”“so as to do”结构置于句中时,不能用逗号隔开。Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year (so as/in order) to visit her.她母亲计划每年至少四次飞到北京来看她。,用法精讲,Bob took down my telephone number so a
19、s/in order not to forget it.鲍勃记下了我的电话号码以免忘记。2.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so.as to;such.as to;.enough to;only to(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果);too.to等。Im not so stupid(a fool) as to write it down.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.简匆忙赶回来却发现她的母亲已经离开了。(表示“意外或事与愿违的结果”),(二)分词作状语分词作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条
