1、初中英语初中英语句子成分句子成分及五大基本句型及五大基本句型宾语谓语主语表语定语状语补语句子主要成分句子次要成分句子成分分类 主谓宾表、定状补主语、谓语、宾语主语谓语宾语发生者动作接受者也可以理解为：葵花宝典动作有具体的：He reads a book.read 是动作，he 做这个动作，book 接受这个动作。动作也有抽象的：She loves me.love 是动作，she 做这个动作，me 接受这个动作。She speaks English.主语谓语宾语I like music.主语谓语宾语主语、谓语、宾语主语谓语宾语有的动作，只有发生者，没有接受者（宾语）。I work.She sle
2、eps.主语、谓语、宾语主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语名词性名词性名词性什么是名词性？名词数词名词性短语、句子代词主语、谓语、宾语主语谓语宾语主格宾格IheshewetheymehimherusthemYou and I like her.She likes you and me.主语、谓语、宾语【例1】指出下列句子中的主语、谓语或宾语。Dream Clothes Store has the cheapest clothes in the neighborhood._In all cities in Brazil,people have a big party on New Years Eve,es
3、pecially in Rio de Janeiro._ Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day._主语：Dream Clothes Store；谓语：has；宾语：clothes。主语：people；谓语：have；宾语：a party。主语：musicians；谓语：gathered。典型例题主语系动词表语语法重点：作用：_构成：_；_；_；位置：在_之后表语
4、（用来表达内容的部分）说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”名词形容词系动词介词短语This is a book.They are cute.This is for you.表语 常见系动词：1.Be动词：am，is，are，was，were；2.感官动词：feel，look，taste，smell，sound等；3.表变化动词：get，become，turn，grow等；4.表延续动词：keep，stay，remain等。表语【例2】The music sounds.(改错)_ 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。(汉译英)_sounds后加上形容词，如good，great等；The food tasted te
5、rrible.典型例题 句子成分分类宾语谓语主语表语定语状语补语句子主要成分句子次要成分定语A boy likes a girl.A rich boy likes a pretty girl.(限)定语(限)定语第二个句子给boy和girl加了一个rich和pretty的简称“定语”限定语什么是“定语”？约吗？She is a woman of good temper.定语形容词名词介词短语名词定语定语I like my beautiful house.语法重点：_修饰：_构成：_;_；_；_位置：位置_(在_的前后)原则：_ 短：_ 长:_ These are his two books.定
6、语代词和数词名词介词短语定语（限定语）名词形容词介词短语固定被修饰名词短前长后形容词、代词、数词代词数词定语定语形容词名词He is a famous Chinese singer.He gave me a basket full of flowers.定语名词短语定语【例3】指出下列句子中的定语。What is your first name?_ On the third floor are Class 1 and Class 3._ The man downstairs was trying to sleep._your 和 firstthirddownstairs典型例题A boy li
7、kes a girl.A boy likes a girl very much.状(态)语第二个句子给动词like加上了一个 very much 的简称“状语”状态语什么是“状语”？约吗？状语都有哪些“状语”？句子中修饰动词的都是状语。1.时间2.地点4.目的5.程度3.条件I kissed her yesterday.I kissed her in my room.I will kiss her if she likes me.I go home to watch TV.I work very hard.状语都有哪些“状语”？句子中修饰动词的都是状语。6.原因7.方式8.伴随I kiss h
8、er because I love her.I go to Beijing by plane.I come home with my dog.I like her though she is ugly.状语【例4】指出下列句子中的状语。There was a big smile on her face._ Every night he heard the noise upstairs._ She loves the library because she loves books._on her face every nightbecause she loves books.典型例题什么是“补语
9、”？You make me.You make me happy.第二个句子通过增加的部分把句子意思简称“补语”补充完整补语如何区分“定状补”？They painted the wall pink.补语定语和状语句子必要成分，否则句意不完整。句中只做修饰，不影响句意表达。A cat walks slowly on a pink wall.补语【例5】指出下列句子中的补语。His father named him David._ They painted their boat white._ You make me happy._Davidwhitehappy典型例题12453She loves
10、me.主语+谓语+宾语I work.She sleeps.主语+谓语This is for you.主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+间宾+直宾主语+谓语+宾语+宾补He gives her a present.You make me happy.五种基本句型【例6】判断下列句子属于五种简单句中哪种句型结构。He is tall and strong._We must keep our school clean._Mr.Johnson taught us German last year._Li Ming works very hard._She plans to travel in the coming May Day._主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+宾语+宾补主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语典型例题
