1、UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES Section C Discovering Useful Structures 单元语法单元语法 省略省略要点一要点一 句子成分的省略句子成分的省略 p48（1）祈使句中常省略主语。（You）Believe yourself.相信自己。(It)Sounds like a good idea.（2）省略谓语等。（Is)Anybody here?有人吗？Some students like English，others（like）French.（3）省略宾语。Do you know Tom?No,I dont know(him).（4）省略表语。Ar
2、e you a doctor?No，I am not（a doctor）.单句语法填空（1）（obey）the rules，or you will get punished.祈使句，or/and+sb will do sth.（3）Read the story，（并且复述这个故事）.（4）I like red wine better than （白葡萄酒）.Obeyand retellwhite要点二要点二 介词的省略介词的省略（1）一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常省略。常见的结构有：have difficulty/trouble（in）doing sth.做某事有困难 be busy（
3、in）doing sth.忙于做某事 spend some time（in）doing sth.花费时间做某事 stop/prevent sb.（from）doing sth.阻止某人做某事 There is no sense/point（in）doing sth.做某事没有意义。It is no good/use（in）doing sth.做某事没有用。（2）表 示 时 间 的 介 词 at，on 和 in，在next，last，this，these，yesterday，tomorrow，one，any，every，each，some 等词之前时，一般省略。I went to the cin
4、ema in the afternoon.=I went to the cinema this afternoon.单句语法填空1）He spent one hour（sweep）up the fallen leaves.2）The skin can prevent your body（lose）too much water.3）I cant imagine what great difficulty he had （climb）the mountain.4）Some students have trouble （remember）so many words.5）They are busy（a
5、rrange）the wedding party.6）There is no sense（argue）with him.He is really stubborn.7）It is no use（try）to persuade your boss.He wont approve of your project.8）The guard （阻止他通过）the gate.9）He went to work every day except （上个周）.10）I will get up early （明天早上）.sweepinglosingclimbingrememberingarrangingargu
6、ingtryingstopped him going throughlast weektomorrow morning要点三要点三 动词不定式的省略动词不定式的省略（1）want，wish，expect，hope，try，forget，would like 等后面出现与上文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号 to，而省略后面的内容。Please come to my house if you want to come to my house.（2）两个或两个以上的不定式表示并列关系时，第一个带to，后面的省略 to；但如果两个不定式表示对比关系，则to 不可省略。They managed to
7、overcome all the difficulties and（finish）the task ahead of schedule.He didnt tell me whether to reject or （accept）.(to)finish to accept_省略省略（3）感官动词（词组）see，look at，hear，listen to，notice，watch 等和使役动词 make，let，have 等后面作宾补的不定式要省略to，但此类动词的被动语态中 的to不可省略。The workers were made（work）day and night by the mana
8、ger.（4）在某些句式中，如果介词 but 前有实义动词do 的某种形式，后面的不定式要省略to。（前有do 后省to）All he could do was nothing but （wait）and see.She did nothing（除了哭）.误区警示:当省略的不定式内含有作助动词用的have 或be 的任何形式时，to 后要保留原形have 或be。He didnt come，but he ought to have come.waitbut cry to work_省略省略要点四要点四 并列句中的省略并列句中的省略用法归纳（1）省略共同的主语或宾语。Tom picked up
9、the book on the floor and Tom handed it to his teacher.（2）若主语不同，而谓语部分的助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词 或情态动词。）Jack must have been playing football and Mary must have been doing her homework._省略省略_省略省略（3）若主语以及谓语动词均相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。His advice made me happy，but his advice made Jim angry.（4）若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及
10、后续部分。He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesnt have a knowledge of first aid.（5）省略重复的介词、连词及后续部分。He was late because he had overslept and because he had missed the train._省略省略_省略省略_省略省略_要点五要点五 状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略用法归纳（1）在 when，while，whenever，until，if，unless，though，although，as if，as though，as，
11、whether 等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有 be 动词，而从句主语又和主句主语相同或从句主语为 it，则从句中的主语和be 动词常一起省略。划出下列句中可省略部分 Tie a bandage tightly over her sprained ankle when it is necessary.Wood gives off much smoke while wood is burning.Ill start writing the novel this winter if it is possible.His opinion，whether it is right or wrong，
12、will be considered._ _ （2）if 类惯用省略结构：if not 如果不是这样；否则 if necessary 如果有必要 if possible 如果可能的话 if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话 if so 如果是这样的话（1）（当有麻烦时），I always turn to my friends for help.（2）Mistakes，（若有的话），should be corrected immediately.（3）She worked very hard （虽然仍旧很虚弱）.（4）（虽然很聪明），he was poorly educated
13、.When in troubleThough intelligentif anythough still very weak要点六要点六 定语从句定语从句与与名词性从句名词性从句中的省略中的省略 用法归纳1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，who，which，that 可省略。He is the man whom/who/that you can safely depend on.That is the photographer （我提到的）last night.2）在know，think，consider，suppose，find，believe，say，decide 等动词
14、后 所接的宾语从句中，连接词that 可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that 可以省略，其余的则不能省略。He said that the text was very important and that we shouldnt leave out any details when retelling it._省略省略_省略省略I mentioned 3）由 which，when，where，how，why 引导的宾语从句，有时可承前省略全部或部分内容。She will come back，but he doesnt know when she will come back.He i
15、s very delighted，but （我不知道为什么）.4）在与 suggest，request，order，advise，recommend 等词相关的名词性从句中，应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。It is suggested that I should divide the book into five sections.He requested （我们早来）._省略省略(that)we (should)come early_省略省略I dont know why1.Finish your writing after class.2.Surf the Internet for more information about the related knowledge after school.
