1、1.vary vi.（根据情况）变化；改变（根据情况）变化；改变various adj.各种各样的；不同的各种各样的；不同的varied adj.不同的不同的,各式各样的各式各样的variety n.多样化，种类多样化，种类 variation n.变化变化【拓展拓展】vary 短语短语vary in 在在方面不同方面不同vary with 随着随着而变化而变化vary from 不同于不同于vary from.to.vary between.and.由由到到情况不等情况不等egThe students work varies considerably in quality.Peoples r
2、eactions to the medicine vary widely.Pulse rates vary slightly from person to person.In this school,the class numbers vary between 25 and 30.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)这些花的颜色和大小都不相同，但都很漂亮。这些花的颜色和大小都不相同，但都很漂亮。The flowers _ _ _ _ _ but all of them are beautiful.2)这这家宾馆每个房间的费用由家宾馆每个房间的费用由20美元到美元到30美元美元不等。不等
3、。The charge for a room in this hotel _ _$20 and$30.3)一般来一般来说水说水果和蔬果和蔬菜价菜价格随季节变化而变化。格随季节变化而变化。Generally speaking,prices of fruit and vegetables _ _ the season.vary in color and sizevariesbetween vary with2.by contrast 相比之下相比之下 in contrast with/to.和和形成对比，比较起形成对比，比较起来来 eg By contrast,Mrs.Young was much
4、 more outspoken.His white hair was in sharp contrast with/to his dark skin.【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)相比之下，这个新技术容易而且廉价。相比之下，这个新技术容易而且廉价。(by contrast)2)就质量而言，没有任何厂家能和我们相比。就质量而言，没有任何厂家能和我们相比。(in contrast with)By contrast,the new technique is easy and cheap.As for the quality,no manufacturers can be in cont
5、rast with ours.3.approve vi.赞成；同意赞成；同意 vt.批准；通批准；通过过 approve of sth./sb.approve of sb.doing sth.approve of+从句从句egHe seemed to approve of my choice.Youve never approved of Henry,have you?He doesnt approve of me leaving school this year.I approve of what the government is doing.The government has appr
6、oved a program of economic reforms.The course is approved by the Department for Education.【语境应用语境应用】翻译翻译句句子子。1)我告诉母亲我想做一名歌手，但她不赞成。我告诉母亲我想做一名歌手，但她不赞成。I told my mother I wanted to be a singer but she didnt approve.2)我的父母不准许我吸烟。我的父母不准许我吸烟。My parents dont approve of me smoking cigarettes.3)市长批准了这项新的建筑计划
7、。市长批准了这项新的建筑计划。The mayor approved the new building plan.egPolice are appealing for witnesses to the accident to come forward.Mary appeared as a witness for the defence.Did anyone witness the attack?This university has witnessed quite a few changes over the years.The past few years have witnessed gre
8、at changes throughout Eastern Europe.4.witness vt.当当场看到；目击；见证场看到；目击；见证 n.目击者；证人目击者；证人【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1)母亲是发生在马路拐角处的事故的目击者。母亲是发生在马路拐角处的事故的目击者。2)有人目睹了这起交通事故吗？有人目睹了这起交通事故吗？3)我我们目击了这座城市的巨大变化。们目击了这座城市的巨大变化。Mother was a witness of/to the accident at the street corner.Did anyone witness the traffic acc
9、ident?We witnessed great changes in the city.5.employ vt.使用使用；应用；雇；应用；雇佣佣employee n.受雇者，雇工，雇员employer n.雇用者，雇主employment n.雇用employ sb.as.雇用某人作为雇用某人作为employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事雇用某人做某事be employed in(doing)sth.从事从事于（于（做）某事做）某事【语境应用语境应用】翻译句中的画线部分。】翻译句中的画线部分。1)Arts agencies employ more than 10,000 peop
10、le as part-time employees._2)Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills._3)More than 750,000 have graduated,with many seeking employment in engineering,medicine._雇用雇用使用使用寻寻求就业求就业6.differ vi.相异；不同于；有异议，有分歧相异；不同于；有异议，有分歧 di
11、fferent adj.不同的，有区别的不同的，有区别的 difference n.差异，不同差异，不同 make a/no difference(to.)（对（对）有）有/没没有影响有影响egMy brother differs from me in many ways.John differs with his brother about/on/over the best way to cook fish.Emily is completely different from her sister.Whatever she did,it made no difference.It wont
12、make much difference whetheryou go today or tomorrow.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)你的支持对我有影响。你的支持对我有影响。Your support will make a difference to me.2)Mary在许多方面与我不同。在许多方面与我不同。Mary differs from me in many ways.3)Jack和他的父亲对教育问题持不同看法。和他的父亲对教育问题持不同看法。Jack differed with his father about/on/over parison n.比较比较 compar
13、e v.对对比；比比；比作；相比，比得上作；相比，比得上 by/in comparison 比较起来比较起来 make a comparison 作作比较比较 in comparison with 与与相比相比 egDoes his latest novel compare with his first one?He was a loud friendly man.In comparison,his brother was rather shy.After months of living in a tropical climate,Spain seemed cool by compariso
14、n.You cant make a comparison between American and Japanese schools theyre too different.【语境应用语境应用】翻译句翻译句子。子。1)诗诗人经常把人生比作一条河人经常把人生比作一条河。(compare)Poets often compare mans life to a river.2)和和欧洲其他国家相比较，英国的汽车价格欧洲其他国家相比较，英国的汽车价格非常高非常高。(by comparison)By comparison with other European countries,car prices
15、in the UK are very high.8.favor n.帮助；恩惠；赞同帮助；恩惠；赞同 vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于较喜欢；选择；有利于【拓展】【拓展】ask a favor of sb.=ask sb.a favor求某人帮忙求某人帮忙do sb.a favor 帮某人忙帮某人忙 in favor of 赞同，支持赞同，支持in sb.s favor 有助于某人有助于某人egHe hired John as a favor to his father.The idea may find favor with older people.As an examiner,she show
16、ed no favor to any candidate.The mother certainly favored her eldest son.I shall favor neither side in this election.Crowded conditions favor the spread of disease.【语境应用语境应用】完成句完成句子。子。1)Could you _（帮我一个忙）（帮我一个忙）and turn off the light?2)In their discussion,I was _（支持）（支持）Mr.Li.3)The current economy _
17、 the development of small businesses.当前经当前经济对小企业的发展不利。济对小企业的发展不利。do me a favor/do a favor for mein favor ofdoes not favor9.break down 消除；分解；打破；消除；分解；打破；（机（机器等器等）坏了；（坏了；（身体）垮了身体）垮了 【拓展拓展】break短语短语 break into 强行进强行进入；打入；打断断 break off 中断中断 break out 突发，爆发突发，爆发 break through 突破，突围突破，突围 break up 打碎，分裂打碎，
18、分裂egThe police broke the door down in order to save the girl in the room.Each lesson is broken down into several parts.My car broke down on my way home.We cant have you breaking down in health.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)The thieves _ and stole some money.小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。2)Negotiations between
19、 the two sides _.双方谈判失败了。双方谈判失败了。broke into the officehave broken down3)Scientists think they are beginning to _ in the fight against cancer.科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破。有所突破。4)I was still living in London when the war _.战争爆发的时候我还住在伦敦战争爆发的时候我还住在伦敦。5)In order to understand the sentence be
20、tter,you must _ into parts.为了更好地理解这个句子为了更好地理解这个句子，你必须把它分，你必须把它分成几部分。成几部分。break throughbroke outbreak it down 10.tendency n.“倾向倾向”tend v.tend to do have a tendency to do【语境应用语境应用】汉译英。汉译英。我工作累了时就容易出错。我工作累了时就容易出错。I have a tendency to make mistakes when I am tired from work.11.occupy vt.“占据（空间）；占用（时间）；占
21、据（空间）；占用（时间）；侵占，占领；担任（某职侵占，占领；担任（某职）”。【拓展拓展】occupy sb./oneself in/with doing sth.,occupy sb./oneself with sth.忙着（做某事），忙于（某忙着（做某事），忙于（某事）。事）。如：如：Workmen are occupied in/with pulling down the house.工人工人们正忙着拆除房子。们正忙着拆除房子。如：如：The piano occupies a lot of space.钢琴占了很大的空间钢琴占了很大的空间。The dinner and speeches o
22、ccupied more than three hours.晚晚餐和演讲占用了三个多小时。餐和演讲占用了三个多小时。The region was quickly occupied by foreign troops.该地区很快被外国军队占领。该地区很快被外国军队占领。My neighbor occupied an important position in the government.我邻居在政府中担任重要的职位。我邻居在政府中担任重要的职位。12.【辨析辨析】stare,glance&glare stare“凝视，盯着凝视，盯着”，指由于好奇、惊讶，指由于好奇、惊讶 、赞叹等原因长时间地注
23、视。如：、赞叹等原因长时间地注视。如：Dont stare at people like that;its rude.别那样盯着人看，那样很粗鲁。别那样盯着人看，那样很粗鲁。glance“(粗略地、随便地粗略地、随便地)一瞥，看一眼一瞥，看一眼 ”。如：。如：I just glance at the headlines in the newspaper because of the limited time.由由于时间有限，我只是浏览了一下报纸的于时间有限，我只是浏览了一下报纸的头头 条条。glare“怒目而视怒目而视”，强调怀有敌意或在气，强调怀有敌意或在气 愤的情绪下看。如：愤的情绪下看。
24、如：They stopped arguing and glared at each other.他他们停止争吵，互相怒视。们停止争吵，互相怒视。13.distinguish v.“区别，辨别区别，辨别”常用结构：常用结构：distinguish A from B;distinguish between A and B如：如：The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.这这对双胞胎长得很像，谁也分不清谁是谁。对双胞胎长得很像，谁也分不清谁是谁。At what age are children able
25、 to distinguish between right and wrong?孩子们在多大的年纪才能分辨是非？孩子们在多大的年纪才能分辨是非？14.embarrassed adj.“感感到尴尬的，感到难到尴尬的，感到难堪的堪的”embarrassing adj.“使人尴尬的使人尴尬的,使人难堪的使人难堪的”，embarrassment n.困窘；尴尬；使发窘的人或事困窘；尴尬；使发窘的人或事。语境应用语境应用 用用embarrass的适当形式完成下的适当形式完成下列句子。列句子。1)I felt _ about my dirty shoes.2)To her _,she couldnt re
26、member his name.3)Shy and _,the boy rushed out of the room.4)I dont like making speeches in public;its so _.embarrassedembarrassmentembarrassedembarrassing15.bother vi.打扰，麻烦（常见搭配：打扰，麻烦（常见搭配：bother sb.with sth.）；）；费事，烦心（后接费事，烦心（后接with/about引起的短语或不引起的短语或不定式）。定式）。如：如：Dont bother your father when hes wo
27、rking.你父亲工作时不要打扰他。你父亲工作时不要打扰他。I didnt want to bother her with work matters on her day off.我不想在她休假的时候因为工作问题打扰她。我不想在她休假的时候因为工作问题打扰她。She never bothered with/about clothes.她从不为衣服烦恼。她从不为衣服烦恼。Dont bother to answer this note.别费心回答这个问题。别费心回答这个问题。16.at work“在上班；在工作在上班；在工作”，但是在这句，但是在这句话中，表示话中，表示“起着某一特定影响或作用起着某一特定影响或作用”。如：如：You cant find my parents at home now.Theyre at work.你现在在家找不着我爸妈的，因为他们上班你现在在家找不着我爸妈的，因为他们上班去了。去了。With your antivirus software at work,your computer is well protected.有杀毒软件发挥作用，你的电脑受到了很好有杀毒软件发挥作用，你的电脑受到了很好的保护。的保护。
