1、 Unit 5 The power of nature Part2 Learning about Language .用所给动词的正确形式，完成课文中的句子 1I was appointed as a volcanologist _(work)for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO) twenty years ago. 答案 working 2My job is_(collect) information for a database about Mount 答案 collecting 精品PPT 3_(look) carefully at the g
2、round，I made my way to the edge of the crater. 答案 Looking 4_(experience) quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already，I didnt take much notice. 答案 Having experienced 动词ing形式作状语 1ing的形式：ing有一般式和完成式。 及物动词的ing还有主动语态和被动语态， 而不及物动词的ing则没有被动语态。现 在以及物动词make和不及物动词go为例， 将ing各种形式列表如下： 语态 动词 形式 及物动词make 不及物动 词go 主
3、动语态 被动语态 主动语态 一般式 making being made going 完成式 having made having been made having gone 2.动词ing形式(现在分词)做状语时，通常 都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，其逻辑 主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且必须 与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系；动 词ing形式表示的动作是次要动作。 (1)如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作 同时发生或几乎同时发生，用动词ing形 式的一般式。 She stood there waiting for the bus. They sat in the garden talking a
4、bout the days they spent together. (2)如果分词动作明显在谓语动词之前发生，用 动词ing的完成式，若分词所表示的动作与主语 之间是主谓关系，则用having done，若是动宾 (被动)关系，则用having been done. Having answered the letter, she went on to listen to the radio. Having been there more than once, the old professor did not show us around the lab. Having worked in
5、the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables. Having finished his homework, he went to bcd. Having lived in New York for years, I know each part of it very well. 动词ing形式的否定式是在其前加not，如： Not knowing what to do, she called her best friend for help. Not hearing the knock on the door, he r
6、emained seated. Not having found the key, jack was very anxious. Not having read the book，he couldnt tell us about it. 3动词ing形式作状语的句法功能：动词ing形 式可以做伴随，原因，时间，条件，结果，让 步，方式等状语。 (1)作伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或 分句。 The dog came in, following its master. The dog came in. It followed its master. The children ran ou
7、t of the room, laughing and talking merrily. They stood there for an hour, watching the game. 动手练习 _ with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, _ his tail to the rain. ATrembling; exposing BTrembled; expose CTrembled; exposing DTrembling; exposed 答案：A _the baby crying，the woman_into the
8、distance. Aleaving; disappearing Bleft；disappeared Cleft; disappearing Dleaving; disappeared 答案：D (2)作原因状语相当于as，since，because等引 起的原因状语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。 Being a brave man, he decided to return to France. As he was a brave man，he decided to return to France. Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave t
9、hem a note. Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. Being so poor in those days, we couldnt afford to send the boy to hospital. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. 动手练习 _ the exam, the boy was punished by his father. ANo passing BHaving passed CNot p
10、assing DNot having passed 答案：D _ by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit, they decided to visit the small old town again. AStruck BTo be struck CHaving struck DBeing struck 答案：A (3)作时间状语，相当于when，while，as引导的时间状 语从句，常位于句首或句末。在作时间状语的分词前， 可加连词while，when，介词after，before，on等。 Having returned
11、 to France, he was put into prison. After he returned to France, he was put into prison. Having arrived at the factory, they immediately set out to work. Be careful when crossing the street. Dont mention this while talking to him. On arriving in London, he managed to get in touch with her As soon as
12、 he arrived in London, he managed to get in touch with her. Having read the letter, she got very excited. 动手练习 When _ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed. Afind Bfinding Cfound Dto find 答案：B _ into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now. ABeing trans
13、lated BHaving translated CTo be translate DHaving been translated 答案：D (4)作条件状语，相当于一个if等引导的条 件状语从句，常位于句首。 Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all. If I know anything about it, I will tell you all. Working hard, you will succeed. I could go and get someone to bring the car. No, thanks. Ill be
14、better if walking 动手练习 _ all day，you will waste your valuable time. APlaying BTo play CPlayed DHaving played 答案：A _ hard this way，you will achieve your goal in time. ATo work BWorking CWorked DHaving worked 答案：B (5)作结果状语的现在分词表示必然结果， 前可加thus，不定式表意外的结果，前可 加only。 Her husband died in 1942, leaving her w
15、ith five children. The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay. He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold. 动手练习 The brave man died，_ his young wife nothing but a _ cottage. Aleft; breaking Bleaving; broken Cleft; broken Dto leave: breaking 答案：B A small plane crashed into
16、 a hillside five miles east of the city，_ all four people on board. Ato kill Bkilling Ckill Dhaving killed 答案：B (6)作让步状语：相当于although，though， even if，even though引导的让步状语从句，常 位于句首。 Buying a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method. Although he had bought a lot of books
17、for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method. knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. Though they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage. 动手练习 Though _ heavily，it cleared up very soon. Ahad rained Bhave rained Craining Drained 答案：C _ volcanoes now for more than twe
18、nty years，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage. AHad studied BHaving studied CTo study DStudying 答案：B (7)作方式状语的分词等于介词with引导的 方式状语或and并列的两个谓语动词 Walking slowly，I approached (靠近)the little window By walking slowly，I approached the little window. He stood le
19、aning against(靠在上) the wall He stood and leaned against the wall. 动手练习 _ our shoes in our hands，we crossed the stream. ATo carry BCarrying CCarried DCarry 答案：B _ the old man，the young people started walking slowly. ATo follow BFollow CFollowing DFollowed 答案：C 4与逻辑主语构成独立主格。例如： I waiting for the bus，a
20、 bird fell on my head. All the tickets having been sold out， they went away disappointedly. Time permitting，well do another two exercises. 动手练习 Without anyone _，he slipped through the window. Anotice Bnoticed Cnoticing Dto notice 答案：C The meeting _，we all drove home. Awas over Bis over Cbeing over D
21、be over 答案：C 5现在分词独立成分的特殊使用 generally speaking：一般来讲， frankly speaking：坦白地说。exactly speaking， 严密地讲，正确地说。 judging from / by，从可以判断出来。 considering考虑到 Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys. Judging from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries. 动手练习 _ from what he
22、said，he must be the thief who has stolen the car. AJudging BJudged CTo judge DJudge 答案：A _，women live longer than men. AGenerally speaking BHaving spoken CTo speak DHad spoken 答案：A 6现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 现在分词与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于 两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句 子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 He went out shutt
23、ing the door behind him.他出 去后将门随手关上。 Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找 父母帮忙。 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动 作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关 系是被动关系。 Faced with difficulties，we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。 动手练习 _ some officials，Napoleon inspected his army. AFollowed BFollowed by CBeing followed DHaving been followed 答案：B There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. Afollowed Bfollowing Cto be followed Dbeing followed 答案：B _，liquids can be changed into gases. AHeating BTo be heated CHeated DHeat 答案：C
